Instrumentation Equipment Research Articles

Instrument Identification Technology Based on Deep Learning

With the continuous improvement of science and technology, the substation remote control system has been constantly improved, which provides the possibility for the complete realization of intelligent and unmanned substation. However, due to the special substation environment, it is easy to cause interference, coupled with the low accuracy of today’s video image processing algorithm, which leads to the frequent occurrence of false alarms and missing alarms. Manual intervention is needed to deal with this, which inhibits the display of automatic intelligent substation processing functions. Therefore, in this paper, the most rapidly developed machine learning algorithm — deep learning is applied to the substation instrument equipment identification processing, in order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of instrument equipment identification, and make due contributions to the full realization of unattended substation.

Prediction of the power supplied in friction-based joining process of metal-polymer hybrids through machine learning

This study analyses the influence of the key process parameters during friction assisted joining process on the frictional power. Experimental joining tests were performed by varying the plunging force, the tool rotation speed, and the tool diameter. During the tests, the main processing loads were acquired through an instrumented equipment. The physical correlation between the process parameters and the frictional power was determined and modeled through machine learning. Different model configurations were tested varying the number of neurons in the hidden layer. The results proved the possibility to predict the frictional power through machine learning with good reliability (R2 = 0.90) and generalization capability. This was pursued using a limited number of experimental tests through a signal breakdown approach.

An Instrument for the Characterization and Calibration of Optical Sensors.

This paper presents the development of a hardware/software system for the characterization of the electronic response of optical (camera) sensors such as matrix and linear color and monochrome Charge Coupled Device (CCD) or Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS). The electronic response of a sensor is required for inspection purposes. It also allows the design and calibration of the integrating device to achieve the desired performance. The proposed instrument equipment fulfills the most recent European Machine Vision Association (EMVA) 1288 standard ver. 3.1: the spatial non uniformity of the illumination ΔE must be under 3%, and the sensor must achieve an f-number of 8.0 concerning the light source. The following main innovations have achieved this: an Ulbricht sphere providing a uniform light distribution (irradiation) of 99.54%; an innovative illuminator with proper positioning of color Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) and control electronics; and a flexible C# program to analyze the sensor parameters, namely Quantum Efficiency, Overall System Gain, Temporal Dark Noise, Dark Signal Non Uniformity (DSNU1288), Photo Response Non-Uniformity (PRNU1288), Maximum achievable Signal to Noise Ratio (SNRmax), Absolute sensitivity threshold, Saturation Capacity, Dynamic Range, and Dark Current. This new instrument has allowed a camera manufacturer to design, integrate, and inspect numerous devices and camera models (Necta, Celera, and Aria).

Grape breeding is a key link in the development of the grapes and wine-making industry.

The article considers the legislative and regulatory acts that specify the tasks in the implementation of breeding processes. The results of the creation, variety testing, patenting and introduction of grape varieties and clones into the State Register of the Russian Federation for 2010–2020 are presented. The article analyzes the relationship between the indicators of industrial development with the production volumes of planting material, the use of domestic varieties that are included in the State Register of the Russian Federation. The characteristic of ampelographic collections – the genetic resources of grapes – is given. A comparative analysis of many years’ worth of data on the assessment of the adaptive potential of domestic varieties and introduced varieties is presented. The article describes domestic varieties, from which premium wines are produced, which not only competes with European varieties, but also surpasses the organoleptic properties and biochemical parameters of grape must and wine material. The main problems hindering the wide demand for domestic varieties on the market, including a substantial amount of imported European varietal planting material, are described. The necessity of accelerating breeding processes is actualized, modern methods are identified, including those of generative and genomic selection, transgenic technologies, cellular, mutational, and clone selection, and priority areas in breeding are presented. The numerical and qualitative analyses of the composition of breeding scientists is given, the trends of increasing the number and qualitative composition of breeders, the influx of young people, the growing need for training qualified personnel are noted. The number of bachelor’s, master’s and post-graduate students specializing in viticulture in general and in selection in particular as well as the number of defended dissertation studies on grape breeding has been found to be insufficient. The main scientific and practical problems in the organization and implementation of breeding processes in ensuring the development of the industry are updated, including a low share of domestic varieties in the produced planting material and planting, the lack of a systemically implemented varietal and technological policy, the imperfection of the legal system for the protection of intellectual property, a low availability of instrumentation and analytical equipment for the implementation of breeding by modern methods.

Methodological approach for the implementation of a remote management system for large-scale irrigation

Remote management is a modular and effective approach that allows for remote control and monitoring of irrigation systems and hydro-mechanical facilities that are spatially separated, while also tracking real-time irrigation data such as flow, pressure, electric pump groups, solar panels, and agro-meteorological data. Control instrumentation and automation equipment indicate the various defects that may occur on the hydro-mechanical equipment, which can upset the normal functioning of the structures of the irrigation system. Identifying the level of operation of the remote management system is an essential step to understand better the functionality of the remote control and monitoring system and define the objectives to be met and the technical specifications necessary for its implementation. This article will present a methodological approach for the implementation of a remote management system for large-scale irrigation. The proposed methodological approachfocuses on improving the hydraulic parameters of pumping stations and irrigation hydrants and decreasing pumping station electricity consumption.

The Current Situation and Development Suggestion of Highway Instrument and Equipment Measurement Management

The application of automation and intelligent technology in highway instrumentation equipment has gradually become the main factor that affects highway engineering test results. This article summarizes the characteristics of highway instrument and equipment measurement, and analyzes the main problems existing in the current highway professional measurement work from two aspects: measurement service and measurement submission. Suggestions for the development of highway professional metrology in response to the above problems. These suggestions include improving the legal system, exerting the strength of industry technical organizations, striving for more measurement authorizations, improving technical levels, and strengthening talent training.

Analysis of the Need for Mechanical and Instrumentation Equipment in the Utilization of Gas Wells in Balun Field

The utilization of old gas wells in Balun field has the potential to improve the welfare of the people in Cepu District and the surrounding areas in meeting their daily gas needs. However, the challenge of these old unutilized gas wells has risks and impacts on the environment, such as the possibility of gas leak causing fires. This study aimed to analyze the potential of old gas wells and to analyze the impact of risks on the areas around the old gas wells, which will be passed through the gas network, and where the gas processing units will be established. In this analysis, the results of the gas processing process would be distributed to Cepu District to meet household fuel needs. In addition, the use of these old gas wells is also to provide education to students regarding gas processing and distribution. The analysis of the utilization of old gas wells began with mapping of environmental conditions, distribution pipeline systems, and gas processing locations. The mechanical equipment requirements for the model, pipeline design, and processing unit would be presented. Next, the need for the instrumentation system would improve the transmission system and processing unit with reference to ease of operation and safety. In addition, budget requirements and flow diagram were needed to facilitate further programs when building pipelines and the desired gas processing unit

Upgrade and Repair of the Instrumentation Equipment on the ISS RS Simulators Using FDM 3D Printing Technology.

The paper presents space simulators (SS), types of instrumentation equipment installed on the workplaces of the space simulators operators (SSOPW), multi-functional display panel (MFDP), computer-aided design (CAD) tools, 3D printing technologies.

Analysis of EEG Characteristics of Drivers at the Entrance and Exit of an Undersea Tunnel and Research on Driving Safety

To study the influence of illumination and longitudinal slope at the entrance and exit of an undersea tunnel on driver EEG characteristics, a real vehicle experiment was performed with the Jiaozhou Bay Undersea Tunnel. The experimental data of a driver’s real vehicle experiment were collected using an illuminance meter, EEG instrument, video recorder and other experimental equipment. The EEG power spectrum was classified according to frequency, the difference between the EEG power spectrum at the entrance and exit sections and other regions was analyzed, and the influence of the illumination and longitudinal slope of the undersea tunnel on the brain activity of drivers was studied. The region near the entrance and exit of the undersea tunnel was divided equidistantly, the changes in the EEG power of the driver during the process of entering and exiting the undersea tunnel were analyzed, and the changes in brain activity and different brain regions during the process were studied. Based on the EEG power, the model of illumination, longitudinal slope and their coupling effect was established. The traffic safety of the entrance and exit of the undersea tunnel was analyzed, and a high-risk driving region was found. The results show that the power spectrum of the entrance and exit sections of the undersea tunnel is obviously different from those of other sections. At 50 m behind the entrance point and 50 m in front of the exit point of the undersea tunnel, the power of the β wave changes rapidly and is at a high level. The consistency between the variation law of the β wave and the variation law of illumination is high. At the entrance and exit of the undersea tunnel, the active regions of the driver’s brain are concentrated in the frontal lobe and occipital lobe.

Inspection Data Collection Tool for Field Testing of Photovoltaic Modules in the Atacama Desert

The Atacama Desert receives the highest levels of solar irradiance in the world with an annual average of 2500 kWh/m2 for the global horizontal irradiance and 3500 kWh/m2 for the direct normal irradiance. One of the challenges is the large portion of ultraviolet light. This part of the spectrum be detrimental for the encapsulant materials, reducing their lifetime. To develop a module adapted to the Atacama Desert conditions, it is imperative to have standardized information from first-hand about the typical faults experienced by photovoltaic modules operating in the desert. This work reports on the design and implementation of the Inspection Data Collection Tool to evaluate crystalline silicon-based moules operating in desert climates. The tool brings together novel features of compatibility with current standards, efficient mobile-type instrumentation (equipment and tools), clear procedures/protocols for non-expert users and low development costs. A total of 95 modules were inspected to characterize failure/degradation issues. Three components of the solar modules were assessed: front cover glass, ethylene-vinyl acetate encapsulant and solar cells. Seven abnormalities were analyzed: Soiling, front cover glass discoloration, encapsulant delamination, hotspots, partial shading, cell fracture and faulty soldering. Soiling was the most common issue, showing correlation between dust deposition and location.

Total Value of Ownership and Overall Equipment Effectiveness analysis to evaluate the impact of automation on time and costs of therapeutic drug monitoring

Total Value of Ownership (TVO) and Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) analysis are novel tools capable of monitoring and analyzing industrial processes by assessing the efficiency of the entire instrumental equipment and calculating instrument capacity utilization. Such integrated analysis, measuring quality indicators of the testing process, could also provide new perspectives and methodologies for the workflow organization of clinical laboratories. In this study, TVO and OEE were employed for the evaluation of two different configurations of a therapeutic drug monitoring sector, comparing the results obtained for immunosuppressant (ISD) and anti-epileptic drugs (AED) analysis as well as checking their quantitative performance in terms of limit of quantification, accuracy and precision. TVO analysis was performed for ISDs, including the Total Direct Labor Time, Total Cycle Time and Turnaround Time as well as cost of testing. Instruments’ performance and workload were assessed using OEE indicator, studying Availability, Performance and Quality factors. Total Cycle Time for a batch was 3.55 h, decreasing of 1.5 h in the new setting where personnel are engaged for 0.98 h, 25% of total testing time. The calculated cost per sample was 6.60 euro. Availability values were significantly higher for automated sample-handling system and ISDs analysis by LC-MS. Higher Performance values were obtained for LC-MS system for AED and other TDM. Quality values were >0.94 for all instruments. TVO and OEE proved to be applicable to clinical laboratory environment, quantifying benefits and costs of newly developed semi-automated therapeutic drug monitoring sector. This novel approach based on an integrated analysis may help activity planning and quality improvement and could be used in the future for benchmarking progress as a product/process comparison tool in other laboratory fields.

Determination of Production Instrumentation Equipment Maintenance Intervals In the Paper Industry

PT. XYZ is a manufacturing industry engaged in paper processing with afval raw materials. The problem faced is machine failure that occurs suddenly without predictability, this is because there is no scheduled maintenance (preventive main-tenance). The object of this research is focused on production instrumentation equipment. This study uses the Failure Mode and Effect Analyzer (FMEA) method to identify the causes of failure and the effects of these failures by determining the critical value of the component, namely the Risk Priority Number (RPN) which is the largest, then the Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) II Decision Worsheet method for determine maintenance intervals of production instrumentation equipment. Based on the results of RPN calculations in the FMEA method to determine the critical components of the Instrumentation equipment, namely the Control Valve, it can be seen that the highest total RPN value is found in three components, namely Restrictor with an RPN value of 390, Power Supply with RPN of 297, and also a Pilot Positioner. with an RPN value of 240. And with optimum maintenance intervals, among others, the Restrictor every 40 hours, the Power Supply every 41 hours, and the Pilot Positioner every 47 hours.

The Use of the Expert Method in Solving the Issues of Choosing the Instrumentation of the Procedure for Controlling Production Factors

Ensuring safety at work largely depends on the quality of research on the factors of the working environment and the assessment of working conditions carried out at the workplace. The scientific paper deals with the problem of equipment for testing laboratories that control harmful production factors. In the absence of an integrated approach to the selection of instrumentation, when equipping a laboratory, there are costs associated with unjustified financial costs and incomplete functionality of the purchased equipment. At present, there are no convenient methods for practical use of choosing the instrumental support for instrumental control of harmful and hazardous production factors. To solve this problem, an approach is proposed to the choice of measuring equipment for measuring harmful production factors, which is based on the method of expert assessments. The results of studies of the application of the expert method to determine the possibility of using a group of devices for assessing physical and chemical factors in the control and monitoring system of harmful factors at the workplaces of a machine-building enterprise are presented. Information on the implementation of the obtained results of the implementation of the expert methodology in the selection of instrumentation in the management system of testing laboratories performing work in the field of labor protection and environmental safety is presented. Based on the results of the implementation, it can be concluded that the proposed approach to the selection of instrumental equipment based on the expert method is universal.

Detecting industry clusters from the bottom up based on co-location patterns mining: A case study in Dongguan, China

Industry cluster development is important to stimulate regional economy. Conventional spatial methods for detecting industry clusters use a pairwise manner to infer the co-location relationships of multiple industrial types or instances, which increases the difficulty of interpreting the results. This study proposes to use co-location patterns (CPs) mining method to directly capture the co-location of multiple industrial types from the bottom up without any conditions of data relations defined a priori. The method is applied in Dongguan, China, to investigate the industry cluster patterns at an intra-urban scale. At the city level, the results show prevalent CPs of information communication and technology industry and other associated sectors. At the sub-regional level, however, approximately 41% of the industrial CPs are different from those obtained at the city level. The local features of sub-regional industry clusters are associated with productions of, for instance, sporting goods and toys, digital instrument and office equipment, machine parts and woodware, and textile-related products.

Targeted approach to assessing the organizational effectiveness of an intelligent process control system

The article considers a target approach to assessing the organizational effectiveness of the functioning of an intelligent decision support system for controlling complex instrumental equipment at the level of a technological control system. As an indicator of organizational efficiency, it is proposed to use the degree of achievement of an organizational goal based on a comparison of the result obtained (the organizational effect of the intellectual system) and the goal (improving the quality of management decisions). To determine the organizational effect, the indicator of the level of organization of activities is used, and for the quantitative presentation of the goal - the coefficient of the quality of managerial decisions, which characterizes their accuracy and timeliness. It is proposed to supplement the quantitative assessment of effectiveness with a qualitative assessment in the form of a verbal description of the degree of achievement of the organizational goal, which is more understandable and convenient for decision-makers. To obtain a qualitative assessment, a five-level fuzzy classifier of an indicator of the organizational effectiveness of an intelligent system is used. The obtained theoretical results can be applied in the development and implementation of intelligent systems to analyze their organizational effectiveness at all stages of the product life cycle.

Automation of occupational safety and health (K3) electricity based on internet of things (IoT)

The use of computers in the future can to dominate human work and defeat human computing capabilities such as controlling electronic equipment remotely using internet media, IOT (Internet of Things) allows users to manage and optimize electronics and electrical equipment that uses the internet for Automation of Work Safety and Health (K3) Internet Based Electricity of Things (IoT). Design of Automation Occupational Safety and Health (K3) Electricity Based on the Internet of Things (IoT). which is used to test the installation of research instrument equipment. This needs to be done to ensure that the installation and research instruments function properly at the actual time of the experiment. Devices that have been made by researchers can work well as expected, where the automation of the protection of Occupational Health and Safety (K3) Internet-Based Electricity of Things (IoT) so that it can provide initial assistance in the event of work accidents caused by gas leakage and fire monitored online by panel space operators.

Кремнієвий p–i–n-фотодіод із підвищеною імпульсною чутливістю

P-n junction semiconductor photodetectors are widely used in various fields of science and technology, including automation and telecontrol, instrumentation equipment, tracking systems, guidance, etc. The most demanded photoelectronic devices are silicon p-i-n photodiodes (PD). Their main field of application are installations using laser beams of near IR optical radiation spectrum, λ = 1060 nm, in particular. The article provides considerations and limit requirements for production of high-responsivity silicon p-i-n photodiodes and making theoretical parameters consistent with real photodiodes made according to the design. Characteristic properties of technology, construction and final parameters of the manufactured four-element segment p–i–n photodiode with a guard ring are described. The authors describe the criteria for choosing the material for making high-responsivity photodiodes. Results of the theoretical design for the capacitance of the photodiode based on the materials of different resistivity are presented. A theoretically possible value for the dark current of the responsive elements and the guard ring is considered for the silicon of 18 kOhm•cm. Criteria for the thickness of the PD crystal and the doped areas that provide for the maximum width of the space-charge region are presented. The dependence of the current pulse monochromatic responsivity from the operating voltage of the photodiode is shown for substrates with different thickness. The photodiodes obtained during this study have the pulse monochromatic responsivity of 0.48 A/W, which is higher than that of commercial products of well-known foreign manufacturers. The results achieved demonstrate that this technology is effective and the assumptions made during the calculation stage are valid.

Five in One Risk Management and Control to Improve Enterprise Safety Management Level

The operation risk management and control system is to discuss the daily operation of petrochemical plant by five professionals, including Process Engineer, Safety Engineer, Operator Electrical Instrument Engineer and Equipment maintenance personnel, to arrange weekly plan, identify risks and discuss preventive measures. In this way, the daily total amount of work can be controlled, the risk can be controlled, the efficiency is higher, and the safety in the petrochemical production process can be guaranteed.

The functioning investigation of the network semi-active damping system for wheeled vehicle

The tasks related to the construction of a united semi-active system for damping vibrations of the supporting platform (chassis) of a wheeled vehicle (WV), taking into account the real road profile were considered. The influence estimation of the network on the functioning resulting quality of the entire united damping system is carried out. The modeling of the network united of the model of one wheelset, the possible law of control of the suspension, the central processor and the physical model of the CAN network by using the National Instruments equipment is performed. The results of the experiments, both purely mathematical and with a physical network model, showed the performance of the proposed solutions. Keywords CAN-tire; semi-active suspension system; identification; modeling

Analysis of Equipment of Sarajevo Canton Public Sector Subjects With Geodetic Measuring Instruments And Software

At the moment, there is no real picture of the state of geodetic proffesion in Sarajevo Canton. To be precise, there are no official data, for the Sarajevo Canton area, about the number and structure of geodetic experts and their activities in the proffesion, nor on the number and type of surveying equipment and software used, both in private and public sector. This paper deals with the collection and analysis of data on the number and structure of geodetic experts, as well as on data on the surveying instruments equipment and service systems of public sector u Sarajevo Canton. This paper should give a real picture of the state of surveying proffesion, and a good basis for decisions making and rehabilitation plans of the state of geodetic profession in the Sarajevo Canton.