Characteristics Of Instrument Research Articles

Characteristics of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man - OMIM - #242650) is a rare hereditary disease, which is based on a defect in the ultrastructure of the cilia epithelium of the respiratory tract which leads to the motor function disorder. Data about health characteristics of patients with PCD in the Russian Federation are incomplete.The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical, laboratory, and instrumental characteristics of patients with PCD.Methods. The data of 90 patients (22 adults (24.4%) and 68 children (75.6%)) from several medical centers were studied. The following methods were used: medical history, spirometry, microbiological examination of the respiratory tract, video microscopic analysis of the functional activity of the nasal mucosa ciliated epithelium, transmission electron microscopy of the ciliated epithelium, and DNA testing.Results. The median age at diagnosis was 17.0 years for adults and 5.0 years for children. Kartagener syndrome was detected in 23 (27%) people, including 6 (26.0%) adults. Hearing loss was noted in 5 (26.3%) adult patients and 15 (26.8%) children. Light microscopy of the ciliated epithelium was performed in 14 (82.3%) children and 3 (17.7%) adults. In 12 patients, cilia motor activity was not registered at each of the magnifications (x 100, x 400, x 1,000). Transmission electron microscopy showed that absence ofinternal and external dynein handles (51%) and absence of internal dynein handles (17.9%) were the most common disorders. DNA testing was performed in 55 (61.2%) patients: 16 (29.1%) adults and 38 (70.9%) children. The most common genetic variants were found in the DNAH5 and HYDIN genes. Lung function was reduced in both adults and children, but a significant decrease was noted in adult patients. P. aeruginosa predominated in the culture and accounted for 21.3% (intermittent detection in 13.2%, persistent detection in 9%). It has increased resistance to antibiotics.Conclusion. The results correlate with the European data. Infection caused by P. aeruginosa with the increased resistance to antibiotics was prevalent in patienths with PCD.

Development of islamic finance in the digital economy through financial technologies

In the article, you can see the role and importance of developing Islamic finance in the digital economy through financial technologies. The characteristics of new financial instruments in the Islamic financial system, their connection with modern financial technologies, their place in the world financial market, and efficiency indicators were analyzed. The level and share of the use of financial technologies of the Islamic bank in the digital economy are studied and analyzed by the countries of the world. The results of Islamic finance in the digital economy and the results in several directions were achieved, and which areas of the financial system of our country can be used more effectively were analyzed.

Protein-folding-inspired approach for UF fouling mitigation using elevated membrane cleaning temperature and residual hydrophobic-modified flocculant after flocculation-sedimentation pre-treatment

Hydrophobic-modified flocculants have demonstrated considerable promise in the removal of emerging contaminants by flocculation. However, there is a lack of information about the impacts of dosing such flocculants on the performance of subsequent treatment unit(s) in the overall water treatment process. In this work, inspired by the ubiquitous protein folding phenomenon, an innovative approach using an elevated membrane cleaning temperature as the means to induce residual hydrophobic-modified chitosan flocculant (TRC), after flocculation-sedimentation, to reduce membrane fouling in a subsequent ultrafiltration was proposed; this was evaluated in a continuous flocculation-sedimentation-ultrafiltration (FSUF) process treating samples of the Yangtze River. The hydrophobic chains of TRC had similar temperature-dependent hydrophobicity to those of natural proteins. In the 40-day operation of the FSUF system with combined dosing of alum and TRC, a moderately elevated cleaning water temperature (45 °C) of both backwash with air-bubbling and soaking with sponge-scrubbing cleaning, significantly reduced reversible and irreversible fouling resistance by 49.8%∼61.3% and 73.9%∼83.3%, respectively, compared to the system using cleaning water at 25 °C. Material flow analysis, statistical analysis, instrumental characterizations, and computational simulations, showed that the enhanced fouling mitigation originated from three factors: the reduced contaminant accumulation onto membranes, the strengthened membrane-surface-modification role of TRC, and the weakened structure of the fouling material containing TRC, at the elevated cleaning temperature. Other measures of the performance, these being water purification, membrane stability and economic aspects, also confirmed the potential and feasibility of the proposed approach. This work has provided new insights into the role of hydrophobic-modified flocculants in membrane fouling control, in addition to emerging contaminant removal, in a FSUF surface water treatment process.

Radar Attenuation in the Shallow Martian Subsurface: RIMFAX Time‐Frequency Analysis and Constant‐Q Characterization Over Jezero Crater Floor

AbstractAttenuation of radar waves in the subsurface can be quantified with a constant‐Q approximation through time‐frequency analysis. We implement the centroid frequency‐shift method and study Radar Imager for Mars' Subsurface Exploration (RIMFAX) data acquired along the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover traverse. Attenuation is among key media properties, but quantified estimates need to account for instrument characteristics and limitations in the analysis technique. We ensure accurate constant‐Q characterization and present the first estimates of radar attenuation in the upper 5 m of the shallow Martian subsurface. Over Jezero Crater Floor, constant‐Q is on average 70.4 ± 7.7, which equals an attenuation of −2.6 ± 0.3 dB/m at RIMFAX’ 675 MHz center frequency. Regions comprising the Máaz or Séítah formations have similar attenuation properties that are consistent with magmatic lithologies.

Investigating the Effect of Solar Ambient and Data Characteristics on Ca ii K Observations and Line Profile Measurements

We analyzed state-of-the-art observations of the solar atmosphere to investigate the dependence of the Ca ii K brightness of several solar features on spectral bandwidth and spatial resolution of the data. In particular, we study data obtained at the Swedish Solar Telescope with the Crisp Imaging Spectropolarimeter and Chromospheric Imaging Spectrometer instruments. The analyzed data, which are characterized by a spectral bandwidth of 0.12 Å and a spatial resolution of 0.″078, were acquired close to the disk center by targeting a quiet-Sun area and an active region. We convolved the original observations with Gaussian kernels to degrade their spectral bandwidth and spatial resolution to the instrumental characteristics of the most prominent series of Ca ii K observations available to date. We then studied the effect of data degradation on the observed regions and on parameters derived from Ca ii K line measurements that are largely employed as diagnostics of the solar and stellar chromospheres. We find that the effect of degrading the spectral resolution of Ca ii K observations and line profiles depends on both the employed bandwidth and observed solar region. Besides, we found that the spatial degradation impacts the data characterized by a broad bandwidth to a larger extent compared to those acquired with a narrow band. However, the appearance of the observed solar regions is only slightly affected by the spatial resolution of data with bandwidths up to 1 Å and in the range [3,10] Å. Finally, we derived relationships that can be used to intercalibrate results from observations taken with different instruments in diverse regions of the solar atmosphere.

Development of minimum competency assessment (AKM) instruments to measure the numeration ability of seventh grade of junior high school students

Numeration is one of the competencies measured in AKM. Numerical ability in AKM is the ability to solve mathematical problems using various numbers and symbols in the context of numbers, measurements and geometry, data and uncertainty, and algebra that uses cognitive processes of knowing, applying, and reasoning in personal, socio-cultural, and scientific contexts. This research is a type of development research that aims to produce a product in the form of an expanded multiple-choice test instrument to measure the numeracy skills of seventh-grade junior high school students. The development model used is the four-D Model by Thiagarajan which is modified into three stages (define, design, and develop). The scoring technique uses polytomies and involves 70 students as test subjects for the instrument. The results showed that (1) the characteristics of the AKM instrument developed in terms of context and cognitive level were close to the estimated percentage and covered four domains with their respective minimum competencies, (2) item validity values ranged from 0.274 to 0.743, (3) the instrument reliability coefficient is 0.88, (4) the level of difficulty is 8% easy, 80% is moderate and 12% is difficult, (5) the discrepancy index is between 0.43 to 0.78, (6) 92% questions have good distractor effectiveness.

A novel evaluation scheme of resistivity anisotropy in near-tight sandstones using conventional geophysical logs: A case study of the Triassic Chang 8 oil layer, Zhenjing area, Ordos Basin

The resistivity anisotropy characteristic of near-tight sandstone reservoirs is important for reservoir evaluation, but it is a challenge to obtain it by using conventional logging curves in vertical boreholes. Thus, a novel evaluation scheme is established. Firstly, in the Chang 8 Formation of Zhenjing area, Ordos Basin, China, horizontal rock samples (parallel to bedding) and vertical rock samples (perpendicular to bedding) are collected for designed rock electricity experiments and analyzed to obtain the corresponding horizontal and vertical Archie's parameters. Secondly, based on the detection characteristics of acoustic logging instrument and the transformation form of the Archie's equation, an estimation method of vertical resistivity is established. Combined with the horizontal resistivity obtained from conventional deep resistivity logs in vertical boreholes, an estimation method of resistivity anisotropy coefficient is proposed. Thirdly, the relationships between resistivity anisotropy coefficients and water saturations and porosities are analyzed using experiment results, and four adjacent vertical wells in the study area are processed using the estimated method. The processed results demonstrate the feasible of the estimation method. In addition, the cross well profile of resistivity anisotropy coefficient in the target formation is characterized, which shows the target formation is slightly resistivity anisotropic and slightly heterogeneous. The relationships between the resistivity anisotropy coefficient and commonly used logs are discussed, which contribute to rapid analyze the resistivity anisotropy of the target formation. Based on the above methods and processes, the novel evaluation scheme of resistivity anisotropy is established, which contributes to quantify and qualitatively analyze the resistivity anisotropy characteristics of formations in and between vertical boreholes. The application results show that it provides an alternative scheme for continuously evaluating the resistivity anisotropy in boreholes and cross well profiles by using conventional logs and experiments.

Artificial Intelligence-based Musical Instrument Accompaniment System

The string learning process requires students to be able to accurately grasp the accuracy of notes and rhythms in the process of playing, and its evaluation is usually done by instructors, but long one-on-one instruction is difficult to achieve in actual teaching. In this project, through the research of audio hardware systems and digital signal processing software technology, I design a string performance recognition robot system combining hardware and software, to realize automatic accompanying practice. The hardware of this system consists of a Raspberry Pi card-type computer, recording equipment, and cueing equipment. The software system processes the audio signal collected by the microphone through artificial intelligence technology and digital signal processing technology to realize the recognition of notes, intensity, and other elements according to the frequency characteristics of string instruments. The accuracy of the user's performance is judged by comparing the recognition result with the content of the score, and the user is guided by real-time hints through the display system. The experimental results show that the system can recognize 99% of the string audio with good recognition stability, so it can give accurate and timely performance guidance to the player.

Formation mechanism of Pickering emulsion gels stabilized by proanthocyanidin particles: Experimental and molecular dynamics studies

The feasibility of constructing a Pickering emulsion gel with proanthocyanidin particles (PAP) was evaluated in this study, and the related mechanism was revealed by combining instrumental characterization with molecular dynamics simulation. The results showed that PAP was composed of nano/micron spherical particles or their fragments, which had excellent wettability. Suitable PAP addition amount (w, ≥1%) and oil volume fraction (φ, 40–90 %) were beneficial to the formation of stable Pickering emulsion gel. The oil droplet size of gel was inversely proportional to w and φ. The mechanical parameters (gel strength, loss modulus, and storage modulus) were positively correlated with w and φ. Molecular dynamics simulation indicated that the proanthocyanidin molecules in the oil–water system could spontaneously reside and aggregate at the interface, and their interactions with water and oil reduced interfacial tension, which was consistent with the experimental results. This study provides a reference for other polyphenol-based Pickering emulsions.

Characteristics of science process skills instruments for high school students in elasticity and Hooke's law based on analysis of item response theory

Characteristics of science process skills instruments for high school students in elasticity and Hooke's law based on analysis of item response theory

PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI PERAWAT DALAM PENERAPAN PROSEDUR PHOTOTHERAPY INTERVENTION MELALUI METODE PEMBELAJARAN DRILL

The role of nurses is needed to prevent unwanted side effects during phototherapy intervention is carried out by ensuring the accuracy of carrying out the procedure of phototherapy intervention which contains the sequence of the process of performing nursing actions from beginning to end. Health workers are required to have the knowledge and skills to be able to provide appropriate nursing care at the time of phototherapy intervention implemented. The drill method is used to prevent unexpected events (PUE) such as hyperthermia, hypothermia, and burns during phototherapy intervention. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the drill method on the knowledge and skills of nurses in the implementation of phototherapy intervention procedures. The type of research used is pre-experimental with pre-post test without control group, through the implementation of the drill learning method for 2 weeks as many as 17 nurses of RSUD dr. Rubini. Research instrument characteristics of respondents, knowledge, and observation skills of nurses. Data analysis test using Paired T-Test Test used on knowledge and Wilcoxon test for skills. The value of pre-test nurse skills of 15,65 and post-test value of 25,47 so as to obtain an increase in skills of 9,82 with p value of 0,000 < 0,05. There is an effect of drill method on knowledge with pre test value of 64,7012 and post test value of 88,4288 resulting in an increase in knowledge of 23,7276 with a value of p = 0,000. Learning the drill method with the phototherapy intervention learning module gives the impact of increasing knowledge and skills competence continuously. The results of this study successfully proved that there is an effect of the drill method to increase the knowledge and skills of nurses in the implementation of phototherapy intervention procedures.

Deep Immunophenotyping of Human Whole Blood by Standardized Multi-parametric Flow Cytometry Analyses

Immunophenotyping is proving crucial to understanding the role of the immune system in health and disease. High-throughput flow cytometry has been used extensively to reveal changes in immune cell composition and function at the single-cell level. Here, we describe six optimized 11-color flow cytometry panels for deep immunophenotyping of human whole blood. A total of 51 surface antibodies, which are readily available and validated, were selected to identify the key immune cell populations and evaluate their functional state in a single assay. The gating strategies for effective flow cytometry data analysis are included in the protocol. To ensure data reproducibility, we provide detailed procedures in three parts, including (1) instrument characterization and detector gain optimization, (2) antibody titration and sample staining, and (3) data acquisition and quality checks. This standardized approach has been applied to a variety of donors for a better understanding of the complexity of the human immune system.

An experimental and numerical study of twin dowel type shear connector

The hunger for a better, more effective, more economic, easier for construction, and overall more sustainable bridge design is enormous nowadays. One of the solutions for the problems described is a steel-concrete composite structure with embedded continuous shear connectors. Such structure uses advantages of both materials (concrete in compression and steel in tension) while lowering the overall height of the structure and time of the construction. This paper presents a new design of the connector of twin dowel type, with clothoid dowel, where two dowel connectors are welded longitudinally by flanges to create one twin connector. Its geometrical attributes are closely described and the design origin is explained. The study of the proposed shear connector consists of experimental and numerical part. In experimental study, the experiments performed—four push-out tests—and their setup, instrumentation and material characteristics are described and their results in a form of load-slip curves are presented and analyzed. In numerical study the finite element model developed in ABAQUS software is presented with a detailed description of the modeling process. In results and discussions the results of the numerical study are compared with results from the experimental study and the resistance of the proposed shear connector is briefly compared to shear connectors from chosen studies.

Counting what counts: a systematic scoping review of instruments used in primary healthcare services to measure the wellbeing of Indigenous children and youth

BackgroundPrimary healthcare services have principal responsibility for providing child and youth wellbeing and mental health services, but have lacked appropriate measurement instruments to assess the wellbeing of Indigenous children and youth or to evaluate the effectiveness of programs and services designed to meet their needs. This review assesses the availability and characteristics of measurement instruments that have been applied in primary healthcare services in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United States (CANZUS countries) to assess the wellbeing of Indigenous children and youth.MethodsFifteen databases and 12 websites were searched in December 2017 and again in October 2021. Pre-defined search terms pertained to Indigenous children and youth, CANZUS country names, and wellbeing or mental health measures. PRISMA guidelines were followed, with eligibility criteria guiding screening of titles and abstracts, and selected full-text papers. Results are presented based on the characteristics of documented measurement instruments assessed according to five desirability criteria: development for Indigenous youth populations, adherence to relational strength-based constructs, administration by child and or youth self-report, reliability and validity, and usefulness for identifying wellbeing or risk levels.ResultsTwenty-one publications were found that described the development and or use by primary healthcare services of 14 measurement instruments, employed across 30 applications. Four of the 14 measurement instruments were developed specifically for Indigenous youth populations, four focused solely on strength-based wellbeing concepts but none included all Indigenous wellbeing domains.ConclusionThere is a diversity of measurement instruments available, but few fit our desirability criteria. Although it is possible that we missed relevant papers and reports, this review clearly supports the need for further research to develop, refine or adapt instruments cross-culturally to measure the wellbeing of Indigenous children and youth.

Cellulosic Fiber Waste Feedstock for Bioethanol Production via Bioreactor-Dependent Fermentation

The bioconversion of environmental wastes into energy is gaining much interest in most developing and developed countries. The current study is concerned with the proper exploitation of some industrial wastes. Cellulosic fiber waste was selected as a raw material for producing bioethanol as an alternative energy source. A combination of physical, chemical, and enzymatic hydrolysis treatments was applied to maximize the concentration of glucose that could be fermented with yeast into bioethanol. The results showed that the maximum production of 13.9 mg/mL of glucose was achieved when 5% cellulosic fiber waste was treated with 40% HCl, autoclaved, and followed with enzymatic hydrolysis. Using SEM and FTIR analysis, the instrumental characterization of the waste fiber treatment confirmed the effectiveness of the degradation by turning the long threads of the fibers into small pieces, in addition to the appearance of new functional groups and peak shifting. A potent yeast strain isolated from rotten grapes was identified as Starmerella bacillaris STDF-G4 (accession number OP872748), which was used to ferment the obtained glucose units into bioethanol under optimized conditions. The maximum production of 3.16 mg/mL of bioethanol was recorded when 7% of the yeast strain was anaerobically incubated at 30 °C in a broth culture with the pH adjusted to 5. The optimized conditions were scaled up from flasks to a fermentation bioreactor to maximize the bioethanol concentration. The obtained data showed the ability of the yeast strain to produce 4.13 mg/mL of bioethanol after the first 6 h of incubation and double the amount after 36 h of incubation to reach 8.6 mg/mL, indicating the efficiency of the bioreactor in reducing the time and significantly increasing the product.

Prejudice on discretion in law enforcement of financial legal provisions

The imperfection of the procedure for implementing prejudgment in court proceedings may lead to instability of practice, and this demonstrates the relevance of the research topic with regard to formulating clear criteria for the mechanism of discretionary prejudgment in the application of financial rules of law. With this in mind, the purpose of the article is to identify the peculiarities of bias of discretionary powers in the law enforcement of financial rules of law. The methodological tools are based on the general philosophical (dialectical, hermeneutical), general scientific formal (empirical in the form of observation, description and comparison; axiomatic; hypothetical-deductive; formalization; unity of historical and logical) and special scientific methods (formal-logical; comparative legal; systemic and structural), as well as the methodology of reversal and monitoring of a preliminary court decision, which allows to study theoretical and practical issues of discretionary powers in the law enforcement of financial and legal provisions in the unity of their substantive component and external form of reflection. The author proposes a classification of prejudice by: the level of law enforcement; legal force of prejudice; significance of the established factual circumstances which are the subject of proof; nature of the accusation; and subject. The author examines the psychological dimension of the use of prejudicial categories as a metacognitive activity of establishing and taking into account the meaning of prejudice, taking into account the accuracy of empirical generalizations, and formulating judgments to identify the future consequences of making decisions with prejudicial categories contained in the original decision. The author outlines the mechanism for implementing the legal policy on the use of financial prejudicial categories, which should be based primarily on the instrumental and procedural characteristics of this model of legal influence. It is established that in the organizational and legal aspect, the conditions for the national market segment to enter the cross-border space are formed by streamlining the procedures for interaction of legal entities through the appropriate forms of legal influence. The practical significance of the results obtained is that they can be used to determine the procedure for applying prejudgment at the supranational and national levels, in particular, in the context of applying the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union

Correlation analysis between fault frequency and service time of underground fluid instruments

In this paper, we make a statistical analysis of the fault information of the underground fluid instruments of 12 models in China from January 2021 to May 2022 based on the Pearson correlation coefficient, and compare the fault statistics of the meteorological three-element instruments of 3 models during the study period. The results show that: (1) The numbers of faults of the underground fluid instruments of 12 models with different service times are basically positively correlated with the numbers of the corresponding instruments, with good consistency. Moreover, the automatic observation instruments (8 models) with more than 30 units are significantly correlated at a 0.05 significance level (95% confidence level). Even at a 0.01 significance level (99% confidence level), there are 7 models (7/8) with significant correlation. (2) The positive and negative correlations between the monthly average number of faults and the corresponding service times of the underground fluid instruments of 12 models with different service times are random, and there are 9 models (75%) with no significant correlation at a 0.05 significance level (95% confidence level), while 12 models (100%) with no significant correlation at a 0.01 significance level (99% confidence level). (3) The monthly average numbers of faults of the underground fluid instruments of 12 models are basically 0.02–0.05 times/(unit·month), and the overall fault frequency is low. (4) The fault statistics results of the meteorological three-element instruments of 3 models are consistent with the characteristics of the underground fluid instruments of 12 models. In general, there is no significant correlation between the fault frequency and the service time of underground fluid instruments. (5) The results of this paper demonstrate that the service time of underground fluid instruments cannot be taken as the main reason for whether to update the instruments. Similarly, the fault frequency of the instruments cannot be taken as the main reason for the service life of the instruments in the process of formulating the service life standards of underground fluid instruments.

Online System Construction of Music General Education in Higher Vocational Colleges Based on Internet-Assisted Spectrum Signal Transmission

In this paper, a synchronizing method, which is fully realized by software, is proposed in the transmission of digital signal transcoding, and a detailed theoretical description of music is presented, and the steps and methods of it to achieve synchronization are proposed. This article attempts to study the relationship between general music education and campus culture construction, and finds that general music education is the way to realize campus culture construction, and campus culture construction makes general music education more comprehensive. It suppresses the characteristic components of the interference spectrum in the process of signal transmission, extract the statistical characteristics of musical instruments, and use the joint parameter estimation method to estimate the scale and time delay of home control signals. The cultivation of music literacy, the development of music education resources, and the improvement of music teachers, etc., propose the application of teaching subject information technology Combination strategy with informatization of music education practice process.

Preliminary study on the occurrence of microplastics in a local sewage treatment plant

Recent studies have found that sewage treatment plants are potential source of microplastics pollution to its receiving freshwaters, which potentially affect freshwater ecosystems. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of microplastics in sewage treatment plant, i.e., outlet of a primary clarifier and within an activated sludge system. A digestion method (oxidation digestion using Fenton’s reagent coupled with wet peroxide oxidation technique) followed by microplastics extraction were attempted. Microplastics were detected, through instrumental characterizations, in all sewage samples in this study with microplastics found in the primary clarifier included polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene and polyethylene terephthalate, while microplastics in the activated sludge system were polyamide, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride. Results indicated that the sewage treatment plant successfully reduced microplastics from the primary clarifier to the activated sludge system by retaining bigger sizes of microplastics during early treatment stages of the system.

Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Policy Analysis in China: A Framework of Policy Instrumentation and Industrial Chain

As a strategic guarantee for the rapid development of electric vehicles, the construction and development of electric vehicle charging infrastructure (EVCI) is closely related to the industrial policies formulated by the government. This paper takes policy texts relevant to EVCI in China since 2014 as the research materials, taking policy instruments and the industrial chain as analysis dimensions. Policy content analysis is conducted to explore the EVCI policy content, structure characteristics of policy instruments, and evolution characteristics of EVCI policy in China. Our research reveals that China’s EVCI policy system is relatively perfect, but the use of policy instruments is not balanced and, in particular, is not coordinated with the EVCI industrial chain they supported. In this regard, the government should pay more attention to the use of demand-side policy instrument to enhance the driving force for the development of the EVCI industry. With more scientific and reasonable arrangement of the distribution and implementation of policy instruments in the EVCI industrial chain, the benign development of China’s EVCI industry can be promoted. This research contributes to strengthening the management and policy instrumentation of the central Chinese government, in order to support the realization of good governance of EVCI and the new energy vehicle development.