Instructional Systems Development Research Articles

History and Development of the Education Curriculum before the Reformation

The curriculum is the most important element in developing educational performance, because basically education that does not adhere to the curriculum will be difficult to systematize in its implementation. The curriculum before the reformation has undergone several changes including starting from the old order in 1947 where the curriculum was known as Rantjana Pelajaran then followed in 1952, so that the curriculum changed to Rentjana Terurai. Then the third change in 1964, this curriculum was named the education plan which focused on moral development, emotional intelligence, skills and physical (pancawardhana). And different during the new order period, during this period the curriculum underwent changes starting in 1968, this curriculum was named the 1968 curriculum from the results of the evaluation of pancawardhana which was refined into panca jiwa pancasila, then the second change began in 1975 which focused on the development of instructional systems (PPSI). The third turn was in 1984 and was named the 1984 curriculum which focused on skill development with a model called CBSA (how to learn active students), while the fourth turn was in 1994 which is known as the 1994 curriculum. In essence, all curricula that are applied must undergo changes, which can thus adapt to the development and needs of society in the future.

WATERFALL-ADDIE MODEL: AN INTEGRATION OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT MODEL AND INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEMS DESIGN IN DEVELOPING A DIGITAL VIDEO LEARNING APPLICATION

To date, researchers are still debating the poor instructional design for certain developed learning applications or courseware in supporting the flexibility to the student. The instructional design is vital in ensuring that learners obtain effective and meaningful to them for a better subject understanding. However, ignoring the functionality and bugs issues in a courseware development should not be practiced. The courseware developer should acknowledge the importance of instructional design and system development model to meet the user and system requirements. Given the resemblances between software development and instructional design phases, researchers could integrate certain importance techniques in software development model’s phases into the ISD model to enhance the design solutions as well as the application technical parts. This paper highlights the integration of Waterfall model as the software development model with ADDIE model which is one of the established ISD models. The integration of Waterfall-ADDIE model was adopted to develop the digital video learning application for university students. A system testing and user acceptance testing were conducted to validate the courseware can meet the system and user requirements. This paper demonstrates all the phases involved in Waterfall model and ADDIE model are interrelated and practically being integrated to propose high-quality development of instructional design learning material.

The Evolution of the Instructional System Development Model in the United States Air Force

The Evolution of the Instructional System Development Model in the United States Air Force

Blended Learning Based Optitex Media Development for Students in Fashion Design Education Study Program State University of Medan

To expand the use of Computer Aided Design (CAD) technology in the competency pattern contruction course in drawing various sleeve patterns, this study aims to develop belended learning based optitex media. With Research & Development (R&D) method, Borg and Gall combined with Dick & Carey instructional system development model, this study develops optitex media as a viable and effective medium to use as a learning resource for learning tutorials to draw various patterns of sleeves based on Optitex PDS 11. Procedure development of instructional media there are 5 stages as follows: (1) The preliminary study, (2) Design software, (3) Gather materials, (4) Creating and producing instructional media, (5) Conduct field reviews in order to evaluate and revise products. Obtaining the average result of the presentation of the learning material expert gave a response of 88.75%, then the design expert gave a response of 84.17%, that the material was suitable for use because it contained material and delivery criteria that met the standards of delivering messages to students and meanwhile learning media experts gave a response of 86.25% worthy of use because it has been designed in such a way and meets the standards of learning media. In the small group presentation results with an average value of 86.42%. In the results of group presentations with an average value of 91.09% and in the results of large group / field trial presentations with an average presentation of 92.76%. The results showed that the optitex media to draw various patterns of sleeves was effectively used based on blended learning.

Twenty First Century Approach to Traffic, Metro Police Officers Training Programs in South African

This paper discusses, a systematic method for establishing and maintaining an effective training program that meets the requirements and expectations of road traffic law enforcers (Metropolitan Police and Traffic Officers) as per (South African Police Service Act 68 of 1995 & National Road Traffic Act 39 of 1996 and National Road Traffic Regulation, 2000). The systematic approach to road traffic law enforcers training includes a professional approach that is distinct, yet interrelated, in phases. These phases include analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Road traffic law enforcement training focus amongst other on outcome based training systems such as work integrated learning, performance-based training, training system development, instructional systems development, and other similar methods. For the purpose of this paper, theoretical and practical training are interchangeable. The systematic approach method may also be used in conjunction with other training organizations that contain road traffic safety professional training and qualification requirements.

The OPTIMIZATION OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF STUDENTS’ MATHEMATICAL LEARNING OUTCOMES BY USING THE INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROCEDURE LEARNING MODEL (PPSI) IN SMP IT BAITUL QURAN LANGSA

This Classroom Action Research was aims to improve students' mathematical learning completeness through the instructional system development procedures learning model (PPSI). The research was implemented in Baitul Quran Junior High School in Langsa during the even semester of 2019-2020 Academic Year. The population of this study was all students of grade 8th at Baitul Quran Junior High School which amount 7 (seven) students, where the whole students were included into the sample of research. The direct sampling technique was used in this study related to the small number of population (<10). The data were collected by using pre-test and post-test method for the main and documentation as complementary. The data analysis shows that only two students on the pre-test or initial test which obtained more than 70 (Minimum completeness criteria) or around 28.57%. The post-test shows that students' mathematical learning completeness after the implementation of PPSI were increase to 5 students who got a value of more than 70 (Minimum completeness criteria) or around 85.71%. So that from the analysis of pre-test and post-test data it can be concluded that the use of instructional system development procedure learning model (PPSI) in Baitul Quran Junior High School can improve the students’ mathematical skill.

GBS를 활용한 대학생 학습멘토 양성 교육 프로그램 모형 개발

In college, more and more students are suffering from academic difficulties due to their learning methods. So the need for mentoring programs about learning techniques is increasing. Accordingly this study seeks to develop program model for the mentor training for college students using GBS. To achieve this purpose, the core values, processes and support structures of the training program model based on GBS were derived and the program was drafted. second, the final version of the program model is developed through experts evaluation of it. In order to solve these research tasks, this study was conducted according to the design of the instructional systems development. The draft of the program model was organized by conducting a demand analysis on literature and case studies on education officials, students, and education experts. Through experts evaluation, the draft of the program model was modified and supplemented, and the feasibility of the research was secured. And then the improved program model was applied to the educational field. In the end, the final version of the program model was derived. This program model was developed to enable reserve mentor to acquire learning strategies naturally by deriving the process from the job processes of the expert in solving learning problems.

Play and Education Program DevelopmentBased on the Instructional Systems Development

Play and Education Program DevelopmentBased on the Instructional Systems Development

SavingLife: An Educational Technology for Basic and Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support

The development of information and communication technologies and the accessibility of mobile devices has increased the possibilities of the teaching and learning process anywhere and anytime. Mobile and web application allows the production of constructive teaching and learning models in various educational settings, showing the potential for active learning in health. The objective of this study was to present the design and development of an educational technology (SavingLife, a web, and mobile-based application) for learning cardiopulmonary resuscitation and advanced cardiovascular life support for adults. SavingLife is a technological production, based on the concept of virtual learning and problem-based learning approaches. SavingLife was developed using five phases (analyze, design, develop, implement, evaluate) of the instructional systems development process. The technology presents 10 scenarios and 12 simulations, covering different aspects of basic and advanced cardiac life support skills. The contents can be accessed in a non-linear way leaving the students free to build their knowledge based on their previous experience. Each scenario is presented through interactive tools such as scenario description, assessment, diagnose, intervention and re-evaluation. Animated ECG rhythms, text documents, images, and videos are provided to support procedural and active learning considering the real-life situations. Accessible equally on small to large devices with or without an internet connection, SavingLife offers a dynamic, interactive and flexible tool, placing students at the center of the learning process. SavingLife can contribute to the student’s learning in the assessment and management of basic and advanced cardiac life support for adults, in a safe and ethical way.

Rapid Prototyping Instructional Systems Development에 근거한 국군간호사관학교의 군 간호학 교육체계 개발

Rapid Prototyping Instructional Systems Development에 근거한 국군간호사관학교의 군 간호학 교육체계 개발

Development of e-Competency Framework for e-Learning Instructional Designer

Background/Objectives: e-Learning becomes a universal educational method due to development of ICT. The contents of e-learning are delivered to learners with appropriate instructional design. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The instructional design is one of elements which have influence on learning effect of e-learning. The competency of instructional designer plays an important role in e-learning and it controls success of e-learning. Findings: This study divides competencies of instructional designer into such 9 competency units as ‘need analysis’, ‘analysis of system environment’, ‘planning project’, ‘designing contents’, ‘developing manuscript’, ‘developing storyboard’, ‘developing contents’, ‘test and evaluation of contents’ and ‘completion of contents’. It also provides 35 competency elements according to each unit for example ‘analyzing customers’ requirements’, ‘analysis of learning target’. The validity test had been done by 29 experts who have experienced more than 5 years in the field participated in the questionnaire. The results of validity test show that all competency units are valid. In this study, the e-competency framework that has 9 competency units and 35 elements was presented for e-learning instructional designer. Furthermore, the competency element with high importance mostly shows high level of difficulty in the degree of work difficulty. Improvements/Applications: The results of this study will be useful in development of training programs for e-learning instructional designers and e-competency system development for competency management.

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PPSI (PROSEDUR PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INSTRUKSIONAL) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SEJARAH

The problem in this research is the low of students’ learning outcomes of history. It is caused by the students’ initiative in teaching and learning process. The purpose of this study was to determine the learning model ITS (Instructional Systems Development Procedure) learning model towards students’ learning outcomes of history at tenth grade of SMA PERSADA Bandar Lampung in academic year 2014/2015. The population in this research was 110 students and the sample was 27 students. In getting the sample, the writer used a cluster random sampling. The data in this research were collected by using experimental methods and testing technique as the main method, as well as technical documentation and study of literature as the supporting method. In analyzing the data, the writer used t-test formula.Based on the analysis of data, it is obtained t_hit = 5.24, while for the significant level of 5% t-daf = 2.00. The average score of the students who learn history through ITS (Instructional Systems Development Procedure) learning model is 83. While the average score of students who learn history through conventional technique is 73. It can be concluded that, there is influence of learning model using ITS (Instructional Systems Development Procedure) towards students’ learning outcomes of history at tenth grade of SMA PERSADA Bandar Lampung in academic year 2014/2015.

과학 창의적 문제 해결력 신장을 위한 초등교사 연수 프로그램에 대한 평가

이 연구의 목적은 과학 창의적 문제 해결력을 신장시키기 위한 교사 연수 프로그램을 개발하고 그에 대한 평가를 하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 선행연구를 고찰하고, '과학 창의적 문제 해결 과정'을 제안하였다. 또한 교수체제설계 단계에 따라 초등교사 연수프로그램을 개발하였으며, 평가의 질을 높이기 위하여 Kirkpatrick의 4단계 평가 모델을 적용하였다. 평가 결과, 학습목표가 모두 성취되었으며, 교사의 과학 창의적 문제 해결 과정에 대한 교수 능력에 대한 인지가 높아졌다. 또한 연수 프로그램에 대한 교사의 평가는 긍정적이었으며, 학교 현장에 적용하고자 하는 의지도 높았다. 이를 통해 연수 프로그램을 학교에 적용하는 것에 대한 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. The purposes of this research are to develop and to evaluate the teacher training program for enhancing scientific creative problem-solving abilities. For this purpose, by considering previous studies, this study suggested 'scientific creative problem solving process'. In the course of elementary teacher program development, the present study followed Instructional Systems Development stages, where Kirkpatrick's four-step evaluation model was applied for a quality of evaluation. As a result of evaluation, it was found that teachers' recognition of competency to teach the scientific creative problem solving process was increased. In addition, teachers' evalution of the program was positive and their willingness to apply it to the field was found high, which indicated that the training program's applicability to schools would be positive.

Developing a diagnosis system of work-related capabilities for students: A computer-assisted assessment

A gap exists between students' employment needs and higher education offerings. Thus, developing the capability to meet the learning needs of students in supporting their future aspirations should be facilitated. To bridge this gap in practice, this study uses multiple methods (i.e., nominal group technique and instructional systems development) and robust tests (e.g., reliability and validity) to develop a diagnosis system of work-related capabilities. The research participants are twofold. At the early stage, this study invites three professors and three senior Human Resources managers to join the panel and help this study develop required capabilities. At the design and implementation stages, the research participants are freshman students at a famous university in Taiwan. This system enables college students to evaluate their capability scores by comparing themselves with the performances of prior students. The diagnosis results not only help students make learning plans during their university education, but also assist educators in adjusting the structure of the curriculum. Future studies are invited to use or adapt the assessment of work-related capabilities, as well as proposed system procedure and architecture this study developed.

Multiple peer-assessment modes to augment online student question-generation processes

In view of the current theoretical and empirical support for a student-generated questions approach to learning along with the advantageous features of network technology, several online student question-generation learning systems with a peer-assessment component have been developed. Despite this, all existing systems are limited in terms of the types of communication modes permissible for peer-assessment. Online discourse experience and the quantity and quality of interaction may vary as a result of the specific interaction mode students are exposed to. Because of this and the fact that versatile learning spaces are both possible and potentially desirable during the various stages of learning and teaching, multiple peer-assessment modes were created, and the overall attitudes of learners toward peer-assessment as well as their preferences toward respective peer-assessment modes were examined. The collected data confirmed the perceived usefulness of peer-assessment for developing higher-order thinking and cognitive elaboration. Support was demonstrated for student question-generation activities, for which learners typically have limited prior experience. Additionally, in light of the apparent overwhelming preference for and superiority of the more interactive two-way and multi-way modes over the one-way mode and the perceived learning potential of these modes, it is suggested that designers of similar systems should consider their inclusion. Finally, even though multi-way learning was found to be both the preferred and most supportive mode for learning, students also revealed distinct reasons for their preferences for respective interaction modes. In general, these reasons supported the premise that multiple peer-assessment modes are needed in order to accommodate individual preferences and needs. Suggestions and implications for instructional implementation, system development, and future studies are offered.

Digital Immersive Virtual Environments and Instructional Computing

This article reviews theory and research relevant to the development of digital immersive virtual environment-based instructional computing systems. The review is organized within the context of a multidimensional model of social influence and interaction within virtual environments that models the interaction of four theoretical factors: theory of mind, communicative realism, behavioral systems level, and situational self-relevance. The ways in which social interactional processes in digital immersive virtual environments may be easily filtered and transformed in ways relevant to instructor–learner interactions are discussed. Relevant experimental investigations are reviewed that indicate their potential to increase the adaptivity of immersive virtual environment systems for learners and instructors.

Transfer Evaluation of Knowledge and Skill Development: A Case Study of an Instructional Systems Development Training Program

Program evaluation involves a systematic process to collect and convert data into information which is used to improve programs, measure their effects, track quality, act on results, and improve decision making. Beginning in 1992, the LG Group of Korea was involved in an instructional systems development (ISD) training program for its human resource development professionals in cooperation with Indiana University. The LG ISD training program stressed that learning instructional design theories and practices would make LG more effective in global competition. The purposes of the research reported in this article were to evaluate the effectiveness of the ISD training program in terms of transfer of training and to gain information on how to improve future training programs. The findings of the study support the goals that were established for the ISD training program. The program participants are more confident and competent in using the ISD process for analyzing needs for performance improvement and designing and developing quality training products. The article suggests ways of solving barriers to transfer training and evaluation and improving future programs.

Individual, Group, and Organizational Instructional Systems Development Models

Contrary to the growing popularity of learning at group and organizational levels, instructional systems development (ISD) models and processes have been primarily focused only on individual-centered learning while lacking in reflection about group and organizational learning processes. Moreover, most instructional and facilitation processes at group and organizational learning levels continue in a state of general prescription such as a problem-solving approach which needs to be translated into specific instructional processes. For addressing the problems, this paper presents exploratory individual, group, and organizational learning ISD models based on four conditions: 1) integration of the questions of what and why in instruction and learning, 2) reflection of impacts of environmental factors, 3) non-linear and flexible instructional processes, and 4) future-centeredness in instruction and learning. The proposed exploratory ISD models provide a framework as an alternative ISD approach to group and organizational learning, as well as individual learning.

An impoverished machine: Challenges to human learning and instructional technology

Many of the limitations to human learning and processing identified by cognitive psychologists over the last 50 years still hold true, including computational constraints, low learning rates, and unreliable processing. Instructional technology can be used in classrooms and in other learning contexts to address these limitations to learning. However, creating technological innovations is not enough. As part of psychological science, the development and assessment of instructional systems should be guided by theories and practices within the discipline. The technology we develop should become an object of research like other phenomena that are studied. In the present article, I present an informal account of my own work in assessing instructional technology for engineering thermodynamics to show not only the benefits, but also the limitations, in studying the technology we create. I conclude by considering several ways of advancing the development of instructional technology within the SCiP community, including interdisciplinary research and envisioning learning contexts that differ radically from traditional learning focused on lectures and testing.

Reconsidering human performance technology

This article discusses three perceived challenges in the field of human performance technology: a missing link from training to performance, limitations in gap analysis and cause analysis, and a lack of attention to business and organization performance. It then provides possible alternatives for each issue, such as instructional system development frameworks for organizational learning, a soft performance technology framework, and a proposed framework for four levels of performance.