Individual, Group, and Organizational Instructional Systems Development Models

Abstract

Contrary to the growing popularity of learning at group and organizational levels, instructional systems development (ISD) models and processes have been primarily focused only on individual-centered learning while lacking in reflection about group and organizational learning processes. Moreover, most instructional and facilitation processes at group and organizational learning levels continue in a state of general prescription such as a problem-solving approach which needs to be translated into specific instructional processes. For addressing the problems, this paper presents exploratory individual, group, and organizational learning ISD models based on four conditions: 1) integration of the questions of what and why in instruction and learning, 2) reflection of impacts of environmental factors, 3) non-linear and flexible instructional processes, and 4) future-centeredness in instruction and learning. The proposed exploratory ISD models provide a framework as an alternative ISD approach to group and organizational learning, as well as individual learning.