Higher Medical Educational Institutions Research Articles

UTILIZING DIGITAL COMPETENCES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT POTENTIAL IN HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION STUDENTS

Introduction. Building a robust healthcare system aimed at improving overall population health and a reliable electronic health system requires a corresponding level of proficiency in digital competences (DC) among future healthcare professionals. The relevance of this research lies in the understanding that the effective execution of medical and managerial responsibilities is impossible without an adequate level of DC, and mastering them must occur during the education of future healthcare professionals. The aim. To investigate the levels of proficiency in DC and the understanding of their importance among students enrolled in institutions of higher medical education (IHME) for the development of leadership and management potential during the educational process of future healthcare professionals. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 265 students (1st-6th years) at Dnipro State Medical University. Bibliosemantic and sociological methods were used. Students were grouped by academic year: junior (1-2), middle (3-4), and senior (5-6). Results were analyzed using widely accepted statistical approaches and the integrated development environment Jupyter Notebook (https://jupyter.org/install). A significance level of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant for all hypotheses. Results. According to the obtained data all students, regardless of their academic year, understand the importance of studying digital competences. On average, the overall importance level for all DC was 6.99 (95% CI 6.72-7.26) on a ten-point scale. Proficiency in DC significantly (p=0.002) varied depending on the academic year, with seniors scoring higher than middle (in all aspects) and junior students (for most aspects). No significant differences were found between the proficiency levels of junior and middle students (p>0.05). Proficiency in general DC was significantly higher compared to special medical and cybersecurity DC, both within each group and for all respondents. More than 80% of respondents stated that mastering DC is important for performing managerial functions, with no differences between groups (p>0.05). Conclusions. Present-day healthcare professionals require a proper level of proficiency in DC. The study demonstrates that students' motivation to learn DC is more than sufficient, but proficiency in special medical and cybersecurity DC needs improvement. The majority of respondents consider mastering DC an integral element in the formation of health-oriented leadership and effective management in healthcare. Mastering of DC should occur systematically with active involvement of IHME in the process.

ADAPTATION COMPONENT AS A CONSTITUENT OF FOREIGN STUDENTS SUCCESSFUL TRAINING IN MEDICAL UNIVERSITIES OF UKRAINE

Abstract. The article highlights the main tasks of higher medical education in Ukraine. It is noted that one of the global tasks of higher medical education development in Ukraine is the qualitative training of foreign students. The successful process of their education is a kind of indicator of high level of education in Ukraine, a confirmation of its international scientific, educational and cultural authority. It is indicated that attraction of foreign students to Ukrainian medical institutions of higher education performs not only economic functions, replenishing the country's budget at the expense of students studying on a contract form of education, but also stimulates cultural exchange between countries, affects the formation of future medical elite. Foreign students who remain in our country after graduating from Ukrainian higher education institutions have particular interest for the research. During their studies, they not only receive education, but also master the Ukrainian language, adapt to economic, cultural and other living conditions. Such graduates are very valuable for the future of our country. In connection with this, the question of adaptation of foreign students to living and studying in Ukraine is being brought up to date as the quality of education and professional socialization of foreigners depends on its success.
 The adaptation component plays an important role in studying process of foreign students. Students encounter adaptation difficulties from the first days of their studies. Foreigners find themselves in an unfamiliar cultural, linguistic, household and social environment, which they need to master, so the educational process is accompanied by adaptation to new living conditions. An important role in the process of foreign students’ adaptation in the universities of Ukraine has the organization of the educational process itself and the direct participation of the teacher in it. However, the successful implementation of the adaptation component is facilitated not only by classroom work, but also by extracurricular work, as it is an integral part of educational and educational processes.
 An important role in the process of adaptation of foreign students in universities of Ukraine is played by the organization of the educational process itself and the direct participation of the teacher in it. However, the successful implementation of the adaptation component is facilitated not only by classroom work, but also by extracurricular work as it is an integral part of the educational and pedagogical processes.

TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES AND UKRAINE

Abstract. The article is dedicated to the research and comparative analysis of the processes involved in the development of professional competence among teachers in higher medical educational institutions in the United States and Ukraine. Contemporary approaches to the training of teachers are examined, while common and distinctive characteristics of this process in the two countries are analyzed. The primary focus is on the importance of developing pedagogical skills, medical knowledge, and effective teaching methods to enhance the quality of medical education. By conducting a comparative analysis of the educational systems and approaches to preparing medical professionals in these countries, the article examines the principal strategies and initiatives aimed at enhancing the qualifications of teachers in the medical field. It delves into an analysis of current teaching principles at medical universities and colleges in the United States, highlighting the use of advanced pedagogical methods, innovative technologies, active engagement in scientific research, and practical skills in the educational process. The article also addresses the necessity of improving educational programs, implementing modern teaching approaches, and the importance of stimulating the scientific and pedagogical activities of teachers in medical institutions in Ukraine. Through this comparative analysis, the aim is to identify best practices and provide recommendations for further refining the training of teachers in these countries.

Університетська клініка як чинник забезпечення якості медичної освіти: управлінський аспект

The article analyzes the functioning of the university clinic as a factor in ensuring the quality of medical education. It was found that the university clique ensures high quality of medical care and creates conditions for quality education of medical workers. It is proposed to create and/or improve established university clinics in order to improve the quality of medical education in Ukraine. The functioning of the network of university clinics as structural subdivisions of institutions of higher medical education significantly increases the quality of training of medical students, interns, clinical training, retraining and advanced training of specialist doctors; increases the efficiency of research works and ensures the implementation of their results in practical medicine, as a result of which the quality of providing medical care to the population increases. In such clinics, appropriate conditions are created for the clinical training and retraining of students, medical and scientific-pedagogical workers within the framework of training programs of the system of continuous professional development, improvement and implementation of training programs in internship, master's degree, clinical residency, participation in the development and implementation of programs for improving medical qualifications employees The training of scientific and pedagogical staff of a clinical profile in post-graduate and doctoral studies and improvement of their qualifications is also provided.

МЕДИЦИНАЛЫК ЖОГОРКУ ОКУУ ЖАЙЛАРЫНДА “МАНАС” ЭПОСУ МЕНЕН “МАХАБХАРАТА” ЭПОСУН САЛЫШТЫРЫП ОКУТУУНУН АЙРЫМ БИР МАСЕЛЕЛЕРИ

The article deals with the problems of comparative study of the epic "Manas" and the epic "Mahabharata" in higher medical educational institutions in the discipline "Manas studies". Regardless of the form of ownership, the discipline "Manas Studies" is taught in higher educational institutions. Due to the increase in the number of young people studying in medical educational institutions from the Republic of India, in order to ensure effective teaching of the discipline "Manas Studies", the comparative study of the epic "Mahabharata" and the epic "Manas" is relevant today. The comparative study of epics on the world stage plays an effective role in the development of foreign medical students, first as individuals, and then as doctors, by studying the similarities and differences between the epics of the two peoples through the prism of history, literature, traditions, culture and religion. Using historical, sociological, comparative and statistical methods of comparative teaching when teaching the discipline "Manas Studies" in higher educational institutions, comparing the epics "Manas" and "Mahabharata", we strive to preserve and transmit national values from generation to generation to students studying in the medical field.

PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION INSTRUCTORS AS A KEY INDICATOR OF THEIR PROFESSIONAL AND PEDAGOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS

The contemporary advancements in medical science and practice necessitate adjustments in the training and ongoing professional development of medical practitioners, aligning their education with international standards.
 The ongoing reform in the healthcare system introduces new expectations for cultivating a new type of specialists. These professionals are required not only to master their respective specialties thoroughly but also to possess effective communication and business skills while being adaptable to emerging changes.
 Medical education should guarantee the thorough training of students and serve as a crucial component in reforming the healthcare sector, aligning with the social priorities of the state. The quality of medical care provided to the country's population hinges on the preparedness of future doctors. In contemporary circumstances, the role of instructors in higher medical education institutions is markedly escalating, playing a pivotal role in shaping future medical professionals and enhancing the overall quality of medical education.
 Changes and transformations in higher medical education have significantly heightened the demands on instructors' professionalism, necessitating continuous improvement of their professional mindset, the elevation of both general and professional culture, a more complete expression of individuality, and the cultivation of professionally significant qualities. This demands the integration of knowledge, expanding horizons, self-development, and the incorporation of cutting-edge pedagogical technologies into the educational process. In today's context, where modern higher education requirements prevail, the professional-pedagogical activity of a teacher encompasses a multifaceted and polyfunctional specificity. It entails the adept execution of numerous functions aimed at fostering the professional development of future specialists.

ПОСТАНОВКА МЕТИ НАВЧАННЯ – ГОЛОВНИЙ ЧИННИК ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ НАВЧАННЯ МЕДИЧНОЇ ТА БІОЛОГІЧНОЇ ФІЗИКИ В МЕДИЧНИХ УНІВЕРСИТЕТАХ

The proposed article analyzes the problem of setting learning goals in the study of medical and biological physics. The role of the goal as the main factor in increasing the effectiveness of training is revealed. Considered necessary conditions for the existence of an informational educational environment. Definition of the problem of setting the goal of learning in the study of medical and biological physics. The concept of “effective activity” is analyzed as the activity of setting and achieving a system of interconnected goals. Formulated the general goals of studying the discipline “medical and biological physics” in a higher medical educational institution. The goal-setting process is considered as a complex, systematic activity to build a clear system of goals, which consists of categories and successive levels. Formulated requirements for the goals of effective teaching of medical and biological physics. In order to systematize the goals, three main stages of training are identified: motivational, organizational, and controlevaluation, and a sequence of specific pedagogical goals is determined for each stage of training in a medical university. Conclusions have been made regarding the organization of effective teaching of medical and biological physics.

Peculiarities of profiling and problems of teaching biological and bioorganic chemistry for students studying under the educational and professional program "Pediatrics"

Background. The methodical article covers to problematic issues of higher education in general, and medical education in particular, as well as specialized teaching of biological and bioorganic chemistry in medical institutions of higher education, for students studying in the specialty "Pediatrics" and the importance of mastering the relevant skills and abilities taking into account the chosen specialization in the field of medicine. The aim of the study was to analyze, systematize and develop general approaches to the further improvement of specialized educational materials in biological and bioorganic chemistry for level 2 (master’s degree) students majoring in specialty 228 "Pediatrics". Materials and Methods. General scientific research methods, namely analysis and synthesis were used. Scientific literature, educational programs and normative documents of higher medical education were investigated. Bibliosemantic method and system analysis method were used. Results. The issues of professional competence formation of future doctors studying under the educational and professional program (EPP) "Pediatrics" were considered, taking into account the age characteristics of metabolic processes and regulation of biochemical processes. The problems and relevance of the level of formation of the professional competence of teachers of medical institutions of higher education and its development in our time, taking into account the socio-economic and political situation and the ongoing russian aggression, were discussed. The effectiveness of the profiling process largely depends on the creation of optimal methods of learning, which include the preparation of profiled EPPs, work programs of educational disciplines and syllabuses created on their basis. Owing to the study of issues of age-related biochemistry, peculiarities of biochemical processes in childhood, students’ motivation to learn the educational material increases and a stable interest in the chosen profession is formed. Conclusions. One of the tasks for the integration of the higher school into the European educational space is to increase the level of competence of pediatricians studying by EPP "Pediatrics" from the point of view of the teaching staff’s mastery of innovative teaching methods and readiness for their implementation in the pedagogical process due to profiling of various sciences for their more thorough study. Keywords: specialized teaching, age biochemistry, pediatrics, quality of medical education.

USE OF MICRO-LEARNING TO ENHANCE THE PEDAGOGICAL QUALIFICATION OF TEACHERS IN MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

The article considers the possibility of using micro-learning to improve the pedagogical qualifications of teachers in medical institutions of higher education. The example of a "micro-lecture" on the topic "Creating syllabuses for a discipline" shows what requirements there are for the preparation of lecture content, as well as the prospects for evaluating the effectiveness of teacher training on this issue.

Training of specialists to provide laboratory support in the field of personalized medicine at the Almazov Centre

The system of personnel training for work in modern clinical diagnostic laboratories should meet the challenges that the development of personalized medicine sets for the medical community.Traditionally, departments and courses of clinical laboratory diagnostics in medical higher educational institutions as part of the training of highly qualified personnel — residency and postgraduate studies, carry out such work.The clinical orientation of laboratory diagnostics and its special role in providing personalized medicine urgently requires the close integration with clinical departments, which is implemented in the Almazov National Medical Research Centre within the framework of the University Clinic.

Digital literacy among students in medical institutions of higher education in distance learning situations

Digital educational technologies are an innovative way of organizing the educational process, based on the use of electronic and information systems, which ensure visibility of the formation of digital skills among students of higher education institutions. The article analyzes the use of digital technologies by students of medical institutions of higher education when studying natural sciences in the conditions of distance learning, using the example of the educational component «Medical and biological physics; Medical information technologies». The analysis and synthesis of search results in information systems was carried out in order to define research concepts, methods of expert evaluation, observation, modeling, and forecasting. The principles of the «digitalization of Ukraine» policy were concidered, the components of the concept of «digital information literacy» were defined, and the effectiveness of the use of digital programs and devices in the educational process in medical institutions of higher education was investigated. The survey method was used for the research. A structured questionnaire in the form of a Google form was developed to collect information. The role of digital learning technologies in the educational space and their application in the educational process was determined. It was found that the number of e-books in the respondent’s home reduced the probability of weak skills, but had no relationship with strong skills. Frequency of using digital skills at university reduced the likelihood of weak skills, but there was no association with strong skills. This suggests that the use of digital technologies in the university can protect against low productivity, but does not guarantee high qualifications. Students’ general cognitive abilities are positively related to their digital self-efficacy accuracy. Students with more experience in the informational Internet space demonstrate more accurate digital self-efficacy. It is shown that digital technologies in the educational space, due to their visibility, accessibility and orientation to the individual abilities of students, are a necessary condition for increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the educational process. The use of digital technologies by students of medical institutions of higher education on the example of studying the educational component «Medical and biological physics; Medical information technologies» increase students’ motivation to study, contribute to the development of digital practical skills in future specialists.

Formation of scientific potential in institutions of higher medical education

Background. The progressive development of humanity is impossible without the development of science and the introduction of innovative technologies that fundamentally change the forms of human life in all areas and in medicine in particular. Scientific discoveries are the driving force of progress, which determines the prospects of the socio-economic development of the country and its status at the world level. The formation of scientific potential is an internal task of every country, and in accordance with the development strategies of the medical sphere of our country, higher educational institutions should pay considerable attention to the training of highly qualified specialists who can potentially replenish the number of scientific personnel of Ukraine. The aim of the study was to analyze the possibility and necessity of creating a selective component: research work for students of the II (Master’s) level studying in the specialty 222 "Medicine". Materials & Methods. Scientific literature, educational programs and normative documents of higher medical education of Ukraine were studied. Bibliosemantic method and system analysis method were used. Results. Ukraine is part of the European educational space and the scientific field in particular. In order to improve the training of students of the II (Master’s) level, it is necessary to create conditions for the individual development trajectory of the student, which will improve their adaptability to changes in the conditions of the labor market. Introduction of new optional components to improve the special and general competencies of a specialist in the medical field increases the competitiveness of the student and improves the quality of higher medical education. Conclusions. The author of the article, after analyzing the literary data and relying on his own experience, concludes that the introduction of a new selective component: research work will improve the level of knowledge of those seeking education regarding the use of modern research results in the work of a practical doctor, will introduce the career of a scientist and allow more effective preparation and selection of persons for the third educational and scientific level of training of Doctors of Philosophy. Keywords: research work, selective component, intellectual potential, medicine.

MODERN APPROACHES TO TEACHING HAND HYGIENE IN HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Compliance with hand hygiene principles is crucial in preventing infections associated with medical care, both in pre-hospital settings and medical institutions. Inadequate knowledge of hand hygiene can lead to poor compliance with preventive measures, resulting in an increased risk of hospital-acquired infections and complications for patients. The acquisition of knowledge on hygiene, particularly hand hygiene, by students at higher medical education institutions is always an important issue.
 Junior students in higher medical education institutions may lack theoretical knowledge and practical skills in hygiene, especially in preventing the transmission of infectious diseases. Since students frequently visit medical institutions and hospitals, a lack of hygiene knowledge among them can increase the spread of infections. Therefore, increasing the level of knowledge on this issue is essential, with a focus on the importance of hygiene in hospitals and its impact on patient safety. Improving knowledge of personal hygiene rules, particularly hand hygiene, among students during clinical training is critical to reducing the spread of nosocomial infections.
 In teaching hygiene, particular attention should be paid to the "Instructions for the Implementation of Improving Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Facilities and Institutions/Institutions Providing Social Services/Social Protection of the Population." A trained and experienced medical instructor plays a significant role in imparting such knowledge, using different teaching methods in accordance with their acquired skills. Educational programs in hygiene and clinical disciplines should be improved, with the latest modern guidelines included to prevent the spread of infection in healthcare facilities and develop a sense of personal responsibility among students for compliance with hygiene rules

ROLE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN PREPARING DENTAL STUDENTS

Today, the number of scientific studies related to public health is quite significant and is constantly growing. Research is becoming more interdisciplinary, combining the scientific areas of theoretical and clinical departments. A doctor's research career can develop at several stages of education. Initial scientific interests can be formed at the pre-university level, and then, if interest arises, within the walls of a higher education institution during training and medical research. Students who have the opportunity to conduct research while studying at universities are more likely to obtain a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) degree and continue their scientific career. In modern medicine, dentistry is a profession that is based on a solid scientific foundation, and in order to remain viable and modern, it needs to create new knowledge. And this should become an integral component of dental education and continuous clinical practice. Students who plan to dedicate their lives to dentistry should be aware of the latest scientific research achievements and keep abreast of modern knowledge and developments in dentistry. Today, scientific research is the main tool used to create new knowledge. Modern dentistry relies heavily on basic, theoretical and clinical research to provide practitioners with new methods of early diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Today, in higher medical education institutions, most students conduct research in student research groups of their respective departments. It is important to note that during classes in research groups, students actively work with patients, take part in medical manipulations and surgical interventions to expand their clinical knowledge and practical skills. While working in the student research groups of the departments, a significant number of students participate in scientific projects and research works of the departments. The result of this work is the publication of scientific papers, abstracts and articles, and presentations at scientific conferences of students and young scientists. It is important that this deepens the understanding and appreciation of the dental profession by future doctors, and the practitioner is better able to critically evaluate and apply new knowledge in dental practice.

ROLE OF COGNITIVE TECHNIQUES IN ENHANCING PERCEPTION AND ASSIMILATION OF EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL BY MEDICAL STUDENTS

Rapid changes in the life of society and an individual person, information exchange between them contribute to the development of cognitive activity, and in practical terms reflect the ability of education seekers to learn. With the cognitive approach, all processes are considered as components of the general information exchange between a person and the environment. In the conditions of an increase in the speed of information growth, it is necessary to create new cognitive learning technologies ways, techniques and methods that will allow education seekers to ensure an effective understanding of the real world, intellectual development and successful adaptation to life in an information-saturated environment.
 The purpose of this study is to reveal the characteristic features of cognitive teaching methods and determine their role in the perception and assimilation of educational material by students of higher medical education. Methods used include analysis, synthesis and systematisation of scientific and methodological work. Students must adequately perceive information presented in written or oral form.
 The cognitive aspect of learning involves the development of cognitive activity through the ability to identify keywords, draw logical conclusions, write notes and abstracts, comment on speeches, ask clarifying questions, participate in discussions, etc. Search skills play an important role in the selection of information in terminological dictionaries, atlases, educational and scientific literature, mass media and social networks. To develop practical skills in higher medical institutions of education, virtual stimulators, models, simulators, dummies and other technical teaching aids are used, which allow to simulate clinical situations, processes and various aspects of the future professional activity of medical students. Cognitive approaches aimed at the formation of clinical thinking in students play an important role in resolving various situational tasks ("Step 1" and "Step 2"). Cognitive techniques in medical education create conditions for students to perceive and assimilate incoming information, stimulate the ability to distinguish specific interdisciplinary connections and develop clinical thinking.
 Cognitive techniques in medical education are critical in creating optimal conditions for students to perceive and assimilate educational material, and in stimulating their ability to identify and establish interdisciplinary connections. By developing the cognitive abilities of students, higher medical education institutions can equip future healthcare professionals with the necessary skills and knowledge to meet the demands of an ever-evolving medical landscape.

VOLUNTEERING AS A VALUE IN THE EDUCATIONAL WORK OF HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN UKRAINE

The content structure of volunteering as a value regarding educational work at the institutions of higher medical education in Ukraine has been analysed in the article; the values that should be developed in future medical specialists corresponding to current challenges have been defined.
 It is found out that organizational centres of public support of Ukrainians in higher medical education are the university volunteer centres, which comprehensively help the teams of students – future doctors as well as military personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine on the whole.
 According to the results of analysis of the educational work directions in the institutions of higher medical education, it is established that they prove the highest value of human life (the life of a warrior) for future doctors from different perspectives. In particular, it is confirmed by proactive attitude of student volunteers in donating blood for military personnel.
 Implementation of the value of patriotism in the educational activities of future doctors is substantiated. It is about involvement of senior students and interns into trainings on pre-hospital care.
 It is established that involvement of students into projects aimed at psychological support to civilians and military personnel, as well as financial aid and assistance in supporting mental health for internally displaced persons is a special direction of medical volunteering and education in wartime.
 It is proved that participation in volunteer movement by future doctors promotes development of their personal values: activity, diligence, initiative, desire to help, service, subordinating them to national, civil interests – for the sake of victory and peace in Ukraine.
 Thus, educational work in the institutions of higher medical education of Ukraine requires a systematic approach to development of the values of charity and social activity in the students both regarding the volunteer movement and besides it.

Ուսումնական նյութի դասավանդման առանձնահատկությունները «Օպերատիվ վիրաբուժություն եվ տեղագրական անատոմիա» առարկայի շրջանակներում

Surgery, as a medical specialty, is one of the most psychologically difficult professions. Teaching surgery as a subject in higher medical institutions is of key importance in educating certain qualities in a future surgeon. Therefore, the methodology for teaching surgery in higher medical education institutions has undergone significant changes in the last decade due to both the revolutionary progress in higher education and the development of healthcare. During training, it is necessary to pay attention to such components as surgical technical skills (including surgical practical skills, simulations, surgical techniques, etc.) and non-technical skills (cognitive, neuropsychological, socialization, etc.). This article presents a successful experience in teaching students theoretical and practical skills in the scientific-experimental group of the Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy of YSMU, involving them in educational and educational-experimental work. Teaching practical skills of future surgeons at the department is carried out both in the classroom and in additional extra-curricular classes within the framework of the scientific group, based on the “student-to-student” teaching method. For acquiring more theoretical knowledge, scientific reports are presented both in the classroom and in extracurricular scientific groups. Surveys conducted among students participating in scientific group work showed high efficiency of scientific group work. About 82.5% of the respondents said that participation in a scientific group contributed to their decision to choose surgery as a specialty, and also contributed to the development of clinical thinking of students, gave them theoretical and practical knowledge in the field of surgery, motivation for learning, and most importantly, it created a surgical environment, where students share experience and knowledge with each other and make new friends in an atmosphere of healthy competition.

LEGAL COMPETENCE AS A NECESSARY COMPONENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF THE FUTURE MEDICAL WORKERS

Abstract. The article examines the relevance of the formation of legal competence of future medical workers as a component of professional competence. The analysis of definitions of legal competence and its structural components in modern psychological and pedagogical literature is carried out. A description of the professional competence of future doctors is given and its components are singled out. Results of the research showed that the legal competence of the future medical workers is considered in modern psychological and pedagogical literature as an integrative professional and personal qualitative characteristic of the subject of professional medical activi­ty, which consists in theoretical-legal readiness and practical ability to perform professional medical activities and solve legal issues in the field of health care in accordance with the legislation. There such distinguished components of the legal competence: motivational, cognitive, active, as well as can be distinguished reflexive-evaluative and acmeological components. The article emphasizes the need to introduce into educational process the academic disciplines, which would ensure the acquisition of legal knowledge; legal disciplines taught in the institutions of higher medical education should be professionally oriented and stay in connection with special disciplines. It was determined that тhe application of legal situational tasks in the educational process, which at the same time stimulate integrative thinking of students based on the knowledge of the materials of the disciplines studied earlier is one of the most effective means of formation of the legal competence of the future medical worker, and provide problematic professionally oriented study of legal aspects of professional activity. The author focuses attention on the importance of learning the norms of professional ethics for the development of the legal competence of future specialists in the field of health care. It is noted that the development of legal competence of future medical workers should be based on understanding and awareness of general cultural and professional values ​​as the norm of professional relations; should be ensured by systematic study of legal knowledge and norms, methods of law-abiding behavior and interaction; should be ensured by formation of stable legal beliefs, development of legal activity and responsibility.

Analysis of the effectiveness of the implementation of digital technologies in the educational process of medical HEIs: challenges, optimization

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the more intensive use of digital technologies in higher medical education. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of digital technologies in the educational process of Ukrainian medical universities, to identify the current challenges e-learning faces, and to propose potential ways of optimization. General scientific methods (for example analysis, synthesis) specific pedagogical methods (specification, abstraction, comparison forecasting) were used for the research. The results outline the main advantages of using digital technologies in the medical higher school system. Attention is also drawn to the main challenges that have a certain negative impact on the educational process. Among the latter, problems with the practical training of future doctors were noted since distance learning does not provide an opportunity to fully implement skills building component. The results also highlight possible ways to solve the problems of using digital technologies in medical higher education institutions. It is proposed to introduce to use not only distance learning technologies, but to combine them with the traditional approach and independent learning. It is emphasized about further studies, as empirical measurements of the effectiveness of distance education in the medical field. And, this effectivenessstill needs to be ultimately proven.

ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫЕ НАВЫКИ И ПРОФИЛЬ СПЕЦИАЛИСТА В ОБЛАСТИ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ МИКРОБИОЛОГИИ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

The article discusses the profile and professional skills of a specialist in the field of medical microbiology. The recent trend towards the centralization of microbiological laboratories in order to increase the level of funding, equipment, increase the range of studies performed and to standardize all stages of laboratory diagnostics (preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical) requires a revision of the qualification requirements for medical personnel. The authors raise the issue of a professional standard in the field of medical microbiology and analyze changes in the professional tasks of a medical microbiologist from the period of approval of the first curriculum in medical microbiology to the current stage in the development of laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases. The basic competencies, obligatory knowledge and skills of a specialist in the field of medical microbiology are discussed, these are necessary for the implementation of job functions in the field of high-technological research methods using the genome of pathogens and microbial communities. The profile of a specialist is considered in terms of interaction with doctors of other specialties for the effective decision of medical problems in antimicrobial therapy and the prevention of infectious diseases. The search for literature sources was carried out using the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, GlobalHealth, CyberLeninka, and RSCI databases. The study showed that the professional skills of a medical microbiologist should be evaluated together with the specialist’s personal characteristics, which become necessary for graduates’ successful certification in higher medical educational institutions