Institutions In Southwestern Nigeria Research Articles

Chemical hazard and healthcare workers; findings from a tertiary health institution in south-western Nigeria

Background: Improvement in diagnostic and therapeutic services has further increased the hazards in healthcare facilities, particularly the chemical hazard. Therefore, the need for more focus on chemical hazard exposure among healthcare workers. This study aimed to assess the perception of healthcare workers about chemical hazards associated with their job and the pattern of adopted preventive measures.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was employed. One hundred and seven healthcare workers were enrolled in the study. The sample size was proportionally allocated to various departments that provide care directly to patients. Data on workers’ perceptions about chemical hazard exposure and utilization of preventive measures were obtained using self-administered questionnaire.Results: Majority of the respondents had high level of awareness (86.0%) and knowledge (81.3%) of chemical hazards. About one-fifth, 24 (22.4%), had experienced inadvertent exposure to chemical hazards. Gender, knowledge, and perception of chemical hazards had statistically significant associations with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Females are more likely to use PPE than male (odds ratio=5.1, p=0.008) and respondents with good perception of chemical hazard exposure are more likely to use PPE relative to respondents with poor perception (odds ratio=11.8, p=0.018). Standard operating procedures were available to less than half of the respondents, 52 (48.6%).Conclusions: There is a need for continuous strengthening of available safety measures to further reduce incidences of inadvertent chemical hazard exposure. The hospital management should ensure availability of standard operating procedures at all service locations.

Is nutritional status associated with depression? evidence from a cross-sectional study among workers in tertiary educational institutions in Southwestern Nigeria.

Introductiondifferent studies have shown a relationship between depression and nutrition, but there seems to be no consistent consensus on this. This study therefore investigated the relationship of nutrition status and depression among workers in tertiary educational institutions in Southwestern Nigeria.Methodsthis was a cross-sectional study conducted among 399 members of staff of three tertiary educational institutions in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), while nutritional status was assessed using the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and waist hip ratio (WHR). The respondents were selected using multi-stage sampling technique, and data were collected using pre-tested structured questionnaires. Analysis was done using IBM SPSS.Resultsthe mean age of the respondents was 45.8 ± 10.4 years. The prevalence of depression was 23.8%. Concerning the nutritional status of respondents, 2.3% were underweight and 69.7% were overweight/obese. There were statistically significant associations between depression and the nutritional status of the respondents using BMI (p = 0.001), WHR (p = 0.015) and waist circumference (p = 0.036). After controlling for other factors, only the BMI was still significantly associated with depression, such that those underweight were more likely to be depressed (Odds ratio: 7.9; p-value: 0.009).Conclusionthe prevalence of depression among the respondents was relatively high, and this was significantly associated with the BMI, even after controlling for co-founders.

The relationships between Big Five Personality dimensions, harmful psychoactive substance use and academic motivation among undergraduates in Nigeria

AimsThe aim of this study was to determine the relationships between personality traits, stress perception, academic motivation and harmful use (use related harmful consequences) of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis among undergraduates in Southwestern Nigeria.MethodThe study is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among students of randomly selected tertiary institutions in south western Nigeria. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research and Ethics Commitee of the Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Abeokuta Ogun State Nigeria. Permission to carry out the study was sought from the University authorities. A multi-stage cluster sampling selection of 850 respondents was done. Consenting students were administered socio-demographic questionnaire, WHO student's drug use questionnaire, the Big Five Personality Inventory (BFI-44), perceived stress scale-10 and academic motivation inventory.ResultSeven hundred and eighty one completed questionnaires were analysed yielding a response rate of 92%. There were 51% males and 49% females with a mean age of 23.3 years (SD = ±2.29), from monogamous family setting 591(75%) and high socio-economic class (65.8%). Of the respondents, 24.8% reported experience of use related harmful consequences such as engaging in quarrel or argument, unprotected sex and sex regretted the next day. There were significant associations between male gender (p=<0.001), urban residence (p = 0.028), polygamous family setting (p = 0.002), high socioeconomic status (p = 0.026) and use related harmful consequences.Multiple logistic regression showed that the odds of experiencing harmful consequences was less than 1 for agreeableness (OR = 0.515, df = 1, p = <0.001) and openness (OR = 0.634, df = 1, p = <0.028) but greater than 1 for extraversion (OR = 1.525, df = 1, p = <0.036) personality dimensions. This implies that for a unit increase in agreeableness and openness scores, there were decreased odds (8.6% and 79% respectively) of experiencing harmful consequences while there was increased odd (86%) of experiencing harmful consequences from a unit increase in extraversion score.Both binary and multiple regression analysis revealed that the odds of experiencing harmful consequences is greater than 1 for perceived stress score (OR = 1.079, p = <0.001) and less than 1 for academic motivation (OR = 0.975, p = <0.001). This means that perceived stress is positively associated with substance use and experience of harmful consequences while academic motivation is negatively associated with substance use and experience of harmful consequencesConclusionThere were associations between certain socio-demographic factors, personality dimensions, stress perception and academic motivation with substance use and experience of harmful consequences. Thus, clinicians and researchers should consider these factors when designing preventive and treatment strategies.

Spirometric Indices in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in a Nigerian Tertiary Institution

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease of global health importance. It is a metabolic disorder caused by increased levels of blood glucose over a prolonged period of time. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is usually associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Several studies have also revealed that diabetes mellitus hampers pulmonary functions. This study was aimed at estimating the spirometric indices in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
 Methods: A cross-sectional study of T2DM patients and apparently healthy control attending the medical outpatient clinic in a tertiary institution in south western Nigeria.
 Results: A total of 146 participants with 73 patients with T2DM and 73 control groups. There were no significant differences in the age, body mass index, and gender distribution of the diabetics and control. However, patients with diabetes had higher SBP (133.2±20.17 mmHg vs 111.6±6.5 mmHg p<0.0001), and DBP (78.4±11.8mmHg vs 73.7±6.3 mmHg, p=0.003) when compared to the control. The mean FEV (1.98±0.5 vs 2.09±1.2, p=0.033), FVC (2.35±0.6 vs 2.53±1.3, p=0.045) and FEV/FVC ratio (83.61±7.2 vs 81.14±10.7, p=0.029) were significantly lower in diabetic patients when compared to matched controls. There was no significant difference in the PEF and FEF of both groups.
 Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients had significant decrease in their spirometric indices, hence pulmonary function should be included in the periodic comprehensive diabetic check for holistic management.

Adoption of Balanced Scorecard and Non-Financial Performance of Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria

The gap existing in the developing countries on whether adoption of BSC a significant influence on non-financial performance of tertiary institutions in Nigeria has using employers’ rating as a measure of performance, necessitated this study. The study used a survey research design. The population of the study consisted of all the sixty-eight (68) tertiary institutions in South Western Nigeria which comprised publicly and privately owned universities and polytechnics where a sample of 34 institutions were drawn using the multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using a five-point likert scale questionnaire from 209 respondents purposively drawn from the various categories of staff of the institutions selected. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that there is a significant improvement in the performance of tertiary institutions in Nigeria after adoption of the balanced scorecard. Also, we reported that about 63% of the variation in the ways in which graduates of Nigerian institutions are rated by the employers are associated with the combined effects of all the four components of the balanced scorecard investigated in this study. This research concluded that the balanced scorecard has a significant positive effect on the performance of tertiary institutions in Nigeria.

"Understanding Forms and Models of Cloud Computing Technologies Adopted in the Selected Institutions in Southwestern Nigeria "

The study examined the forms and models of cloud computing technology adopted in the selected institutions from four states in Southwestern Nigeria. The three purposively selected institutions were Federal, State and Private owned making twelve institutions. However, the administered questionnaire was filled in by the ten (10) IT personnel, ten (10) lecturers and five (5) students from each of the selected institutions making 300 respondents. The questionnaire elicited information on the forms and models of cloud computing technology adopted and the extent of use of the adopted cloud computing technologies in the selected institutions. Secondary data were obtained from relevant literature. Data collected were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The study concludes that the forms of cloud computing technology adopted by the selected institutions in Southwestern Nigeria are infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS), software-as-a-service (SaaS) and platform-as-a-service (PaaS) while software-as-a-service (SaaS) is often used by the institutions. Also, the models of adopted cloud computing technology are private, public, hybrid and community cloud computing by the selected institutions in Southwestern Nigeria. The adopted forms and models of cloud computing technology are used for different business functions such as payroll, procurement, human resources, accounting and finance, CRM, application development, and project management.

Prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes among patients attending outpatient clinic at a tertiary health institution in Southwestern Nigeria

Prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes among patients attending outpatient clinic at a tertiary health institution in Southwestern Nigeria

Cardiometabolic risk and its association with dietary diversity, activity patterns and the nutritional status of workers in tertiary educational institutions in South-Western Nigeria

Cardiometabolic risk and its association with dietary diversity, activity patterns and the nutritional status of workers in tertiary educational institutions in South-Western Nigeria

Factors associated with intention to use epidural analgesia during labour among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of a tertiary health institution in Southwestern Nigeria

Childbirth is perhaps, the most painful experience encountered by most women and just like other forms of pain, the experience of labour pain is unique to individual women, so it is only the woman in labour who can describe the extent of pain she is going through. This study assessed the perceptions, attitude, intention to use, also predict factors that influence intention to use epidural analgesia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic. The study adopted a cross-sectional design and was conducted among 200 randomly selected pregnant women attending Ante-natal Clinic of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Data were obtained using a structured questionnaire and were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Statistical significance was determined at p < 0.05. The study revealed that majority (85%) of the respondents had good perception of epidural analgesia but majority (86%) displayed negative attitude toward epidural analgesia. More than half (56%) of the respondents got their information on epidural analgesia from nurses and midwives and 72.5% expressed their intention to use epidural analgesia (EA). Furthermore, there was significant relationship between ethnicity and attitude towards epidural analgesia (p= 0.001). Factors predicting intention to use EA include religion (B=0.99, p=0.016), perception of EA (B=-2.47, p=0.001), appropriate pain control (B=1.75, p=0.02), fear of pain procedure (B=-0.2, p=0.01). The study concluded that pregnant women in this setting have a desire to use EA for child birth. Factors that predict the use include perception, religion, and desire for pain control. Efforts should be intensity to improve on the negative attitude of the respondents as this will ensure prompt intervention which may result in positive birth outcome. Key words: Perception, attitude, epidural, analgesia, pregnant women.

Job Satisfaction of Academic Staff Members on Full-Time Appointment in South-Western Nigerian Tertiary Institutions

Man works to earn a living in an organization, and such work can be viewed as an instrument employed to achieve a lot of set personal goals and expectations. This study, therefore, examines job satisfaction of staff members on full-time appointment in South-western Nigerian tertiary institutions. It is a quantitative research in which a well-structured questionnaire was used to collect responses across eighteen tertiary institutions in South-western Nigeria. A purposive random sampling method was adopted to select a representative sample, and 880 questionnaires were properly selected and analyzed. The validity and reliability tests indicated that the measurement scales met the acceptable standards. Charts were used to present the biographic information of the respondents. The data obtained from the investigation were analyzed using Charts, Correlation Analysis, Regression Analysis and some relevant statistical tools. The findings have revealed a high factor of the academic staff’s dissatisfaction with opportunity available for self-development because of poor research environments. Moderate proportion has also revealed staffers’ satisfaction with their job. Factors leading to job satisfaction were also revealed. The study, therefore, suggests that Chief Executives of Nigerian tertiary institutions should focus on the identified factors leading to job satisfaction such as good remuneration and welfare package, appreciation and commendation, adequate facilities and teamwork etc. Implementing the aforementioned factors will definitely increase job satisfaction among the academic staff on full-time appointment, thus, reducing the friction rate and creating a stable and reliable teaching/learning environment for academic staff and the students. Keywords Job Satisfaction, Tertiary Institution, Remuneration, Welfare Package, Full-time Appointment, Academic Staff. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-36-10 Publication date: December 31 st 2020

The challenges of measuring epistemic beliefs across cultures: evidence from Nigerian teacher candidates

ABSTRACT Available evidence indicates that teacher candidates undergo shifts in beliefs throughout the process of learning to teach, and various contextual realities contribute to reshaping their general teaching beliefs. The concept of epistemic beliefs is key to understanding teacher development as cross-cultural teacher education becomes increasingly common. This study examines Nigerian teacher candidates’ conceptions about the nature and process of knowing, epistemic beliefs. This exploration of these epistemic beliefs is framed within the United States-based Schommer model. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to examine a sample of 1009 full-time teacher candidates at two large public institutions in southwestern Nigeria. Findings indicate that Nigerian teacher candidates expressed dependently complex, yet distinct epistemic beliefs compared to their U.S. counterparts. The findings are contextualized within the effective deployment of teacher education research across cultures, highlighting sociocultural antecedents to the nature of reality in the measures of teacher candidates’ epistemic beliefs in non-Western contexts. Implications for educational theory, research, and practice are discussed.

Entrepreneurial intentions of real estate students: an ordinal analysis of the predictors

PurposeThis study aims to examine the predictors of entrepreneurial intentions of real estate students in an emerging economy where there are significant odds against paid employment owing to the dwindling economic drivers.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data was obtained using closed-ended questionnaire served on final-year real estate students in three tertiary institutions in Southwestern Nigeria. Out of a total of 231 copies of the questionnaire distributed, 160 (69.3%) were retrieved and found suitable for analysis. Using ordinal least square regression, the study examined the influence of the independent variables on the respondents’ entrepreneurial intention across two models. While the first model was without the moderators of prior entrepreneurial exposure (that is, parental occupation, relationship with a real estate entrepreneur, previous/current engagement in business and attendance at business/entrepreneurial seminars/workshops), the second included all the control variables. Other descriptive and inferential statistical methods were adopted.FindingsThe findings revealed that personal satisfaction/prestige, support system, university education, age, cumulative grade points and mothers’ education were statistically significant predictors, atp&lt; 0.05, across the two models examined. Fathers’ education and occupation were only significant in the second model, that is, when controlled for prior entrepreneurial exposure. Also, the influence of faculties and barriers of registration/information were significant at 10% level only in the second model. Finally, the study found no statistically significant differencing across gender, family status, mothers’ occupation and relationship with a real estate entrepreneur.Practical implicationsEntrepreneurship is a significant factor influencing economic growth and increased market competitiveness, an examination of students entrepreneurial intentions appear important, especially in regions where there are low economic opportunities.Originality/valueThis study is among the first attempts at understanding the predictors of real estate students’ entrepreneurial intentions from an emerging market perspective.

AN EVALUATION OF THE ENTREPRENEURIAL INCLINATION AMONG CLOTHING AND TEXTILE UNDERGRADUATE IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA

Entrepreneurship has been described as an incubator and energiser of market innovation, product and technological growth as well as a means of revitalising the economy and reducing unemployment. This study focused on assessing the entrepreneurship inclination among Clothing and Textile undergraduates and their attitude towards government entrepreneurial programmes. The study was carried out in selected tertiary institutions (Colleges of Education, Polytechnics and Universities) in South-Western Nigeria. A Multistage sampling was used with a combination of stratified and proportionate sampling to select four hundred and fifty (450) final year students from the selected tertiary institutions in South-Western Nigeria. Data were collected with the aid of questionnaire and were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Results showed that most of the respondents were female (55.3%) while (44.7%) were male with a mean age of 22 years. More than half (54%) of the respondents were from Colleges of Education, 23.7% were from Universities and 22.2% were from Polytechnics. The findings further revealed that 30.4%, 24%, 19.6% and 14.2% were studying Home Economics, Creative arts, Fine arts and Clothing and Textiles respectively. The percentage of response on the students’ attitude towards entrepreneurship was 87.3%. The results of the chi-square showed that only the educational status of the respondents (χ2=14.65, p&lt;0.05) indicated a significant relationship between the educational status of the students and their entrepreneurial inclination. The regression analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between government empowerment programme and the entrepreneurial inclination of the respondents (r = 0.43, P = 0.00). The β value of 0.43 explained the percentage of government empowerment programme to entrepreneurial inclination of the respondents. Also, there was no significant difference between entrepreneurial skills inclination of undergraduate students across the selected tertiary institutions at P &lt; 0.05 level of significance. The study concluded that respondents in the study area have positive attitude towards government entrepreneurship programme. Consequently, the respondents are entrepreneurial inclined and government entrepreneurship programme is effective to reduce unemployment in the country and in promoting job creation.&#x0D;

Beliefs and Perceptions about COVID-19 among Students of a Higher Institution in South-western Nigeria

The on-going coronavirus disease outbreak is arguably one of the greatest public health challenges of our time. Being a novel disease discovered in December 2019, little is known about it. This study examines the beliefs and perception on coronavirus disease among students of an institution of higher learning in Southwest Nigeria. Two hundred and sixty (260) students were selected through a two-staged non-probability sampling method for the study. Data was collected using structured questionnaire which tested the general knowledge of respondents on the subject as well as their beliefs and perception about the disease. Even though 90.0%) of the participants have heard of Coronavirus as a pathogen, their knowledge of the associated disease was fair on the average due to misconceived notions probably because information was sourced majorly from unconfirmed sources such as word of mouth from family members (56.5%), print media (56.2%), social media (51.2%), television (50.0%), and to a lesser extent from school (43.1%), health talk (42.7%), hospital (35.8%), over the radio (30.8%) as well as posters and billboards (24.2%). These misconceived notions, despite their level of education, include but not limited to claims that disease can be transmitted through mosquito bite (33,5%) and believing that it is a consequence of man's sin (48.1%). Some doubt its existence (28.8%) while a sizeable number believes they cannot be infected (44.2%) and peradventure if infected, prayer and fasting can cure it (44.2%). We therefore advocates for an intense public enlightenment campaign.

Potability assessment of packaged sachet water sold within a tertiary institution in southwestern Nigeria

Production of quality and safe potable water is vital to human health. This research examined the potability of the packaged sachet water being marketed within the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB) campus. Seven sachet water brands were purchased randomly and the physicochemical and bacteriological qualities were determined. The results acquired are as follows: pH, 6.57–6.79 ± 0.02; electrical conductivity (EC), 0–145.00 ± 5.00 μScm−1, turbidity, 0.00–0.59 ± 0.02 NTU; total dissolved solids (TDS) 0.00–70.00 ± 0.00 mg/L; total suspended solids (TSS), 0.00–0.01 ± 0.00 mg/L; calcium, 42.00–161.00 ± 1.00 mg/L; iron, 0.65–1.25 ± 0.05 mg/L; alkalinity, 0.65–1.25 ± 0.05 mg/L; sulphate, 0.95–33.71 ± 0.01 mg/L; and nitrate, 0.01–0.04 ± 0.00 mg/L. Magnesium and phosphate were below detection level. The odour and taste were also unobjectionable. The physicochemical test results conformed with the World Health Organization World Health Organisation (WHO) (2004) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) standards for drinking water. However, bacteriological analysis established the presence of total bacteria count in all water samples (100%) while two brands, (sample C and G), of the packaged sachet water (28.57%) were contaminated with total coliforms which failed to comply with WHO and NSDWQ standard. The analysed physicochemical and bacteriological parameters of the water samples exhibited significant differences (P < 0.05). Sustainable measures such as scientific examination of the water quality during preproduction, production and postproduction stages to determine the means of access of contaminants as its directly affect public health and safely should be routinely performed by the water producers. The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control should implement established regulations and execute their statutory responsibilities through routine checks and effective monitoring of the operation and production facilities. Furthermore, Standard Organisation of Nigeria should intensify its effort through restrictions of the manufacturers using substandard packaging materials for their production. Consequently, there is need to invest in sustainable water infrastructure (water supply systems, treatment plants, storage and water resource management) that will cater for the populace of the entire university community through partnership with relevant stakeholders in the water industry and donations from non-governmental, national and international organizations hence, reducing the dependence on water supply from substandard private vendors.

Demand–Control–Support Questionnaire: Psychometric characteristics and measurement invariance across gender and academic ranks among Nigerian University teachers

Background: No occupational stress-related instrument has been psychometrically examined among Nigerian university teachers. Aim: This study examined the 17-item Demand–Control–Support Questionnaire (DCSQ-17) in terms of factor structure, reliability, validity, and measurement invariance across gender and academic ranks among Nigerian university teachers (n = 597) from a federal institution in Southwestern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: They completed the DCSQ-17, in addition to the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (ZSAS). Results: The original DCSQ-17 three-dimensional model (demands, control, and support) was affirmed with confirmatory factor analysis. There was evidence to support the configural, metric, and scalar invariances across genders and academic ranks. The reliability coefficients (McDonald's omega) of the subscales were satisfactory. Criterion validity was supported through correlational analyses with the MBI and ZSAS. Conclusion: The DCSQ-17 is useful as a stress evaluation instrument among Nigerian university teachers. Further studies are needed to confirm the psychometric properties among other Nigerian occupational groups.

Performance Evaluation of Transport and Logistics Graduates of Selected Institutions in South-western Nigeria

This study examined the performance of transport and logistics graduates of selected institutions in South-western Nigeria. Using some metrics, data were sought from employers of both transport and non-graduates of Transport studies of selected Universities. The metrics were used to compare the performance of the Transport graduates with that of graduates with no backgrounds in Transport Studies. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse the collected data at first, the Sample mean and Independent “t” test were used to assess the level of performance of transport and logistics graduates. The study revealed that, most transport and logistics graduates perform better in their chosen field than others who do not possess relevant certificates. This study concluded that, employers should endeavor to recruit more competent and relevant graduates who studied transport and logistics to boost their operational performance which may not require additional training costs.

Teenage pregnancy at a tertiary health institution in south-western Nigeria: Socio demographic correlates and obstetric outcome

Teenage pregnancy at a tertiary health institution in south-western Nigeria: Socio demographic correlates and obstetric outcome

Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection among Students of a Private Tertiary Institution in South-Western Nigeria

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem and account for a substantial proportion of liver diseases worldwide.&#x0D; Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of Hepatitis B and C virus infection among undergraduate students of Babcock University.&#x0D; Methodology: The blood samples of 200 participants (96 males and 104 females) were randomly collected and screened using rapid serological methods. HBV markers were determined using a HBV 5 in 1 Panel cassette (Innovita Biological Technology Co., Ltd., China); while antibody to HCV was detected using anti-HCV test strip (Blue Cross Bio-Medical Co., Ltd., China). The demographic and clinical information of the participants were collected using structured questionnaires.&#x0D; Results: Out of the 200 participants screened, 3 (1.5%) were positive for HBsAg, 10 (5.0%) were positive for HBsAb, 3 (1.5%) were positive for HBcAb, 2 (1.0%) were positive for HBeAb and none (0%) was positive for HBeAg. 2 (2.1%) of the 96 males screened were positive for HBsAg, while only one (1%) out of the 104 females screened was positive for HBsAg. There was no significant difference (P&gt;0.05) between the number of male and female students positive for HBsAg. On the basis of age distribution, data show that 3 (2.7%) out of the 110 students that were 16-20 years old were positive for HBsAg, while students in the other age groups were negative for HBsAg. Risk factors associated with infection include: tattooing, history of blood transfusion and shared sharp objects. Interestingly, zero prevalence rate (0%) of HCV mono-infection, as well as HBV/HCV co-infection was recorded in this current study.&#x0D; Conclusion: The outcome of this study showed that a low prevalence rate of HBV mono-infection exists among undergraduate students of Babcock University, therefore the on-going public health campaign programme against Hepatitis B and C should be sustained.

Indications for Permanent Teeth Exodontia: A Comparative Analysis of Two Tertiary Institutions In South-Western Nigeria

Indications for Permanent Teeth Exodontia: A Comparative Analysis of Two Tertiary Institutions In South-Western Nigeria