Construction Of Institutions Research Articles

Lula and the Future of the Past

Lula and the Future of the Past

The Risk Factors for Chinese Medical Economic Burden of Aging: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Guangdong Province.

Background The proportion of aging in China is increasing, which needs more healthcare recourses. To analyze the risk factors of the direct medical economic burden of aging in China and provide the strategies to control the cost of treatment, the information was collected based on Guangdong Province's regular health expenditure accounting data collection plan. Methods The multiple linear regression models were used to explore the risk factors of inpatient expenses of the elderly in Guangdong province. Results The results revealed that hospital day, age, male patients, and patients who suffer from malignant tumors are key factors to increase the direct medical economic burden of aging. Moreover, the medical insurance for urban employees can reduce the medical economic burden, comparing with the medical insurance for urban residents. Conclusions The basic medical insurance system and the serious illness insurance system should be improved. While striving to speed up the development of regional economy, the government should pay attention to the construction of basic medical institutions in economically backward areas, increase the allocation of health human resources, and facilitate the masses to seek medical treatment nearby.

THE ACT OF JIHAD ON HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION AGAINST CORRUPTION

There is a paradoxical condition which afflicts higher education institution. On the one hand, higher education institution has proven itself as an educational institution which generates several knowledgeable and great people for the interest of Indonesian society and global community. However, another side of university is considered being affected by serious problems in relation with corruption in the state. Lots of notorious corruptors have already corrupted trillions of rupiahs from the state’s assets whereas these corruptors are higher education institution graduates. Moreover, there are many higher education institution elites who deal with law enforcement officials because they are alleged of doing corruption. A number of educational subjects in higher education institution were arrested by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) because of their findings which indicate the misuse of government funds. Not only has it been regarded to physical construction of the higher education institution, but also the procurement of goods and services. Due to this condition, time has come for universities to promote educational jihad for the sake of corruption eradication in higher education institution.

ALUMNI MENURUT PERSPEKTIF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM)

Alumni have a strategic role including improving the quality of education and developing various extracurricular activities in schools and alumni who have competence can play an important function in building public opinion to attract new students and public. This article discusses the role of alumni according to the Total Quality Management (TQM) perspective to find out related matters, namely the understanding and role of alumni, how the characteristics of integrated quality schools and how alumni management is according to the TQM perspective. The results of the analysis show the characteristics of quality schools have 5 quality pillars which include a focus on customers, total involvement, measurement, commitment and continuous improvement. The pillars are based on school beliefs. Alumni are able to make many contributions in improving the quality of education, therefore there is a need for alumni management. Alumni management includes the development of alumni networks, alumni construction of educational institutions, institutional governance of alumni management and methods for tracing alumni data through electronic and social media.Keywords: Alumni, educational institutions, schools, total quality management.

The Difficult Path to a Civil Nation: the Experience of Nation-Building in Modern Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, like most of the multi-ethnic post-Soviet states, in the course of state building, faced the problem of rallying the peoples living in the Republic. Two interrelated projects were being implemented on the political agenda of Kazakhstan: the construction of state institutions and the formation of a civil nation. In a multi-ethnic state, the project of a civil nation is difficult due to the attempts of the titular ethnic group to obtain additional advantages, which causes tension in interethnic relations. The identification of the population, often, occurs by ethnicity, therefore, the policy of civic identity in Kazakhstan is opposed to the “Kazakhization” of language, culture, and social practices. Nevertheless, the process of unification of the nation is successfully developing in the Republic, initiated by the political elite of Kazakhstan. Achievement of national unity was declared a strategic priority in the development of the country. The article analyzes the factors affecting collective identity in the Republic of Kazakhstan: demographic diversity, language policy, state symbols. The article concludes that Kazakhstan is building its statehood based on the domination of the Kazakh ethnic elite, while pursuing a policy of uniting different ethnic groups into a single Kazakh nation.

Peoples, Principles, and Finality

Abstract The Principles of Constitutionalism examines the principles which speak to the construction and interaction of state institutions. This article responds to some criticisms of that book, in particular, those which question the universalizability of the principles, the relationship between state institutions and the people of the state, the place of democracy within constitutionalism, and the role of finality in state decision-making. It is argued that it is the link between the people and institutions, mediated by democracy, that both explains and justifies the state’s claim to act as the final arbiter of the obligations of its people.

Faith between reason and affect: thinking with Antonio Gramsci

ABSTRACT This article argues that faith is a crucial concept for understanding the relationship between reason and affect. By allowing people to learn from religious faith for secular ends, it can help generate political action for emancipatory change. Antonio Gramsci's underexplored secular-political and materialist conception of faith provides an important contribution to such a project. By speaking to common sense and tradition, faith avoids imposing a wholly external set of normative and political principles, instead taking people as they are as the starting point for generating emancipatory change. It also allows us to imagine the construction of alternative institutions (the Church provides an interesting model for challenging existing state authority). Theorists should therefore pay attention not just to the rationalist logic of discursive justification but also to the complex processes of social, collectively held emotions and how these influence political action as forms of affect. The article provides a detailed reconstruction of Gramsci's conception of faith and analyzes the instruments it provides for bridging the gap between reason and affect.

Beyond the Binary: Troubling Blackness through an Exploration of Institutional and Individual Identity Construction in Ghanaian Higher Education

The influence of Western ideologies in Ghanaian higher education is undeniable and scholars have long called for a reframing of higher education policies to reflect the desires, culture, and institutions of Africa. Using a historical and reflective narrative approach, this article explores institutional identity within the higher education context in Ghana, West Africa. Because U.S. policy theories often attempt to ignore the influence of values on the policymaking process, this article aims to understand how institutional identity in higher education is influenced by conceptions of race. Revealing that her individual notions of identity are fluid and a product of both Western and African beliefs, the author concludes that her willingness to challenge these concepts was deepened after being immersed in the Ghana Study Abroad in Education experience and in (re)membering her African cultural connections and concludes with policy recommendations for balancing the needs of identity development with a culture of institutional collectiveness.

РОЗВИТОК ВИЩИХ ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ УКРАЇНИ НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТ.

The article is devoted to the coverage of the conceptual principles of construction and development of higher pedagogical educational institutions of Ukraine in the early twentieth century. It was during this period that pedagogical education was built both on the actual Ukrainian pedagogical traditions and on Western technocraticpragmatic conceptual views on the orientation of the pedagogical system. The author proves that in the 1920s the concept of pedagogical education was reflected in a new model of the educational system, types of educational institutions that trained teachers, continuity of training, creation of profile verticals, new forms, methods and means of teaching, revival of pedagogical practice and internships. The article considers and analyzes three stages of formation of higher pedagogical institutions in Ukraine in the early twentieth century: the first stage involved strict centralized management of higher education institutions, excessive interference of party structures. The second stage was marked by the efforts of the leadership to make concessions to teachers, professors, students, involving them in direct participation in the work of the new governing bodies of higher education. The third stage was characterized by an attempt to return to administrative and centralized management methods. The article finds out that in the period under study, instead of university councils and faculties, purely statistical and amorphous general meetings, faculty commissions appear, and the administrative power of the rector and deans is maximally strengthened. The article traces the process of branching out the internal structure of pedagogical educational institutions, when departments of social education, vocational education, political education, correspondence education, pedological faculties and teacher training departments for national minority schools were formed. Key words: higher education, teacher education, institute of education, model of education, labor school.

Towards a Model of Muslim Women’s Management Empowerment: Philosophical and Historical Evidence and Critical Approaches

This paper constructs a culturally appropriate model for Muslim women’s empowerment in management and leadership positions that addresses sustainability goals of quality education, gender equality, economic growth and reducing inequalities, as well as national and cultural differences from Western women’s empowerment models. The approach to model building begins with two sources of evidence for women’s empowerment—first, the empowerment of women recognised in the Qur’an and Sunnah, and in the historical-biographical record, particularly in the early Islamic period that draws to some extent on hermeneutics. This is followed by identifying four approaches that can be used in constructing a comprehensive model of Muslim women’s empowerment: Bourdieu’s social, cultural and intellectual capital theory; multiple modernities theory that recognises societal diversity; cultural security arguments for the preservation of cultures; and postcolonial critiques that argue for diversity through decolonising. The main argument of this paper is that sustainability goals cannot be achieved without a model appropriate to the valuational, cultural and societal context in which women are educated and work. The final section of this paper proposes a multidimensional and multilevel model that can be used as a guidance for empowering Muslim women in management and leadership positions. The model construction is based partly on Côté and Levine’s psychosocial cultural model that identifies multiple levels and dimensions of identity, role and social institution construction. This article contributes to the current literature by proposing a theoretical foundation and a multidimensional model that can inform and shape the empowerment of Muslim women in management and leadership positions in different societies.

Analysis of Financing Risk and Innovation Motivation Mechanism of Financial Service Industry Based on Internet of Things

It is of practical significance to introduce the Internet of Things technology into the financial service industry and find the driving factors and mechanisms of financial innovation to accelerate the promotion of financial innovation. This article starts from the perspective of banks and other supply chain financial institutions, takes mainstream trading products in the commodity trading market as the research object, uses the LA-VAR model, and fully considers the market price fluctuations and liquidity factors of supply chain financial inventory products. It analyzes the theoretical basis of the continuous innovation of rural financial products. On the basis of analyzing the basic characteristics and types of rural financial product innovation, we explore the connotation of sustainable innovation of rural financial products, clarify the evaluation criteria, and lay a theoretical foundation for continuous dynamic evaluation. Based on technical innovation evaluation theoretical models such as Schumpeter’s innovation model, technical specifications-technological track model, and NR relationship model market, we analyze the innovation elements of rural financial products from the external and internal aspects of innovation and discuss the relationship between the factors. The interaction mechanism of rural financial products has established a dynamic mechanism model for the continuous innovation of rural financial products. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was made on the continuous innovation power of financial service industry products in a certain area. Using a combination of remote surveys and on-site visits, a questionnaire survey was conducted on financial service industry institutions in a certain region’s financial system. Each survey object was required to conduct 120 × 1067 index comparisons and use the data after processing the arithmetic average Matlab carries out the objective processing of programming. The results show that the LA-VAR model with liquidity indicators can measure the liquidity risk well and more comprehensively evaluate the risk of the inventory pledge financing model. According to the index weights determined by AHP, the development of the financial service industry will be promoted in a targeted manner from the internal construction of financial institutions and the optimization of the external innovation environment.

Hospital Redesign Based on International Standards

This article reviews the regulations for redesigning a hospital facility to the international levels. It evaluates the different building guidelines such as Guidelines for Design and Construction of Health Care Facilities by the American Institution of Architecture, Facility Guidelines Institute, Joint Commission, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineering, Health Technical Memorandum, National Fire Protection Associations, Housing and Building National Research Center, and American Society for Healthcare Engineering. These organizations offer guidance and set standards for the construction of healthcare institutions by making them patient friendly and as safe as possible.

Research on Editions Digitization of Ancient Books Using IIIF and TEI—With Tokyo University “Water Margin” Various Editions as an Example

After more than 30 years of development, the digitization of ancient Chinese books has accumulated a lot of resources. However, the construction of various institutions lacks standards, and it is difficult to exchange and reuse resources and technologies. In order to alleviate the dilemma of version research in the digital construction of Chinese ancient books, this paper uses the literature research method and case study method to analyze the digital practice of the engraved versions of the Water Margin at the University of Tokyo in Japan, discuss the significance of the application of IIIF and TEI, and propose the resources of Chinese ancient books Suggestions for improving digital construction.

Co-development of East African regional water scenarios for 2050

Summary The development of and access to freshwater resources in East Africa is fundamental to the region's sustainable development goals. Following vision documents for regional development and working with local stakeholders, we developed water scenarios up to 2050 that inform the hydro-economic modeling analysis of the extended Lake Victoria Basin, the headwaters of the Nile River. Water scenarios that take an integrated approach to assessing the combined effects of climate change, land use, and increasing human water use suggest that the flow regime of the Nile may remain relatively stable. However, if this stability is to be achieved, while at the same time sufficient water is preserved for healthy freshwater ecosystems, a large fraction of water infrastructure must rely on advanced, often costly technologies and management. Interconnected analyses of both upstream and downstream water resources over time, guided by co-developed scenarios, are indispensable for planning sustainable water-development pathways.

THE ECOLOGICAL ASPECT OF FORMATION OF THE ARCHITECTURALPLANNING STRUCTURE OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, LOCATED ON THE AREAS WITH A DIFFICULT TERRAIN

The article deals with the environmental aspects of the placement of preschool educational institutions in urban areas with a difficult terrain. The dialectical relationship between the building of a preschool educational institution and the surrounding terrain is analyzed using the example of preschool educational institutions, located on sites with difficult terrain in cities of Italy, Finland, Iran and other countries.
 Within the framework of the study, the problem of harmonious integration of the building of a preschool educational institution into the existing urban area with a difficult terrain with minimization of damage to the environment, from carrying out excavations, as well as increasing the energy efficiency of the building by optimizing architectural, planning and spatial solutions is considered.
 A comparative analysis of the world and domestic experience in the design of construction and operation of preschool educational institutions, integrated into the structure of the surrounding landscape, and the preschool educational institutions built with a significant modification of the terrain structure. The feasibility of using certain types of placement of preschool educational institutions (terraced, flat, on pillars, earth-sheltered, integrated, cantilever) is scrutinized from the point of the impact on the environment and increasing the energy efficiency of the design object.

Innovation efficiency and the impact of the institutional quality: a cross-country analysis using the two-stage meta-frontier dynamic network DEA model

Improving the development of science and technology through innovation is the core of a country's economic development. This study employed the two-stage meta-frontier dynamic network DEA model to explore the innovation efficiency from the R&D resources to charges received for the use of intellectual property and high-technology exports in 34 high-income and 23 middle-income countries from 2013 to 2017. We calculated the overall efficiency scores and the technology gap ratios of each country and the scores of input and output variables in the research and development (R&D) stage and marketing stage. The results showed that the average overall efficiency scores of middle-income countries were higher than those of high-income countries from 2013 to 2015, but the five-year total score of high-income countries was higher. The R&D efficiency scores were higher in middle-income countries, while the marketing efficiency scores were higher in high-income countries. In the R&D stage, the scores of all input and output variables were higher in middle-income countries but in the marketing stage, the scores of the output variables in high-income countries were obviously higher. High-quality institution can help improve the innovation efficiency in both high-income and middle-income countries. The efficiency improvements are higher in high-income countries during the R&D stage and higher in middle-income countries during the marketing stage. Therefore, both high-income and middle-income countries should strengthen institutional construction in order to improve the efficiency of innovation. And the researches in middle-income countries should pay more attention to local practical issues and their solutions.

La recuperación de los comunes en el sur-austral: construcción institucional de Espacios Costeros Marinos de Pueblos Originarios

The establishment of the Indigenous Marine Areas (IMAs or ECMPOS in Spanish) highlights the disputes over the common pool resources, which are rooted in interactions between users who have divergent stakes over the marine and coastal zone. Based on the analytical proposal of the New Institutional Political Ecology and the frame analysis, the article explores the institutional construction process related to the recovery of the commons through the creation and implementation of IMAs in southern Chile. In this process, the positions of the stakeholders are legitimized through discourses and narratives where the vision of the IMAs as a limit of the local and regional development is contrasted with the vision that supports them as a key tool for the protection of the commons and the territory.

The Anatomy of the Newly Emerging Illiberal Model of State Capitalism: A Developmental Dead End?

ABSTRACT The article aims to conceptualize the contemporary illiberal model of state capitalism with the main focus on emerging economies. State capitalism is understood in a broad sense, as a multifaceted institutional construct, in which increased state interventionism is a steady feature, materializing in diverse forms. It is a first attempt to theorize and systematize the recent version of state capitalism along the Kornai’s system paradigm framework in a deductive-positivist way. Acknowledging that national varieties of contemporary statist experiments exist, the article aims at a higher abstraction level to define the operational logic and some common core characteristics of contemporary state-capitalist regimes, as a new type, a steady hybrid regime with its own values. Finally, it is argued that even though some illusionary short-term (economic) success stories have emerged, on the longer run illiberal statist measures aiming at consolidating political power at any costs, might undermine widely defined development.

Impact of violation of construction and environmental norms of correctional institutions on the organization of the imprisonment regime

Imprisonment is the most commonly used criminal punishment in the world. In all countries, there are specialized institutions for the maintenance of those sentenced to this punishment. In Russia they are called correctional institutions. By isolating persons who have committed crimes from the outside world, these institutions perform several tasks at once, ensuring: 1) constant monitoring of convicts; 2) access control; 3) control over the movement of convicts; 4) checking their presence; 5) carrying out activities aimed at detecting prohibited items. All these tasks are aimed at achieving a global goal - maintaining the established regime for execution of sentences in form of imprisonment. The article deals with regulation of design, construction and equipment of correctional institutions by Russian legislation. The authors analyze the norms in force in Russia in this area, highlight strengths and weaknesses, and determine the degree of influence of possible violations in design, construction and equipment on the regime of punishment execution. The actual double subordination is established in solving the current problem. On the one hand, the department executing preliminary conclusion, on the other, the department organizing and controlling process of designing and building institutions executing a preventive measure. Such inconsistency creates problems in practical application of provisions of existing norms, leads to errors and, as a result, to inadequate isolation of convicts from the outside world.

The Relationship Between the Origin of Higher Education and Social Development - A Study of Higher Education in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

From the time when human beings entered the civilized society, fierce competition took place among people, between countries, in the political field, economic field, cultural field, population field and so on. No matter what form appeared, these competitions were realized based on higher education. As the leader of primary education, secondary education and vocational education, higher education plays the role of "fuel", "power" and "accelerator" in the modernization of any country. Higher education institutions have trained a large number of highly educated and high-quality talents, and these highly educated talents have become pioneers and leaders in the economic development of various countries and regions. At the same time, higher education promotes the construction of high-quality scientific research institutions, and researchers quickly transform scientific research achievements and effective patents into products and enter the market, thus promoting the global economic development. In this paper, the importance of higher education and its historical origin, which first appeared in the world, in the development of human society is thoroughly demonstrated, so as to prove the practical significance that the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in China must quickly form a higher education cluster.