Establishment Of Network Research Articles

A method of using modern endpoint detection and response (EDR) systems to protect against complex attacks

The subject of the research in this article is the architecture of Endpoint Detection and Response and the EDR agent as their base parts in terms of mechanisms for detecting and countering complex attacks on information and communication systems (ICS). The aim of the work is to develop of method for improving the efficiency of using Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) to reduce the risks of compromising ICS information, industrial, and infrastructure objects by effectively redistributing and utilizing the available EDR mechanisms, the cybersecurity team, and other resources available for implementing security measures in an enterprise, institution, or organization. The article addresses the following tasks: reviewing and analyzing existing EDR systems, analyzing the architecture of EDR solutions and EDR agents, the features of their use, the logic behind the construction of methods and mechanisms for detecting threats to the system from malicious actors and malicious code. The task of providing recommendations for the organization of ICS is also separately addressed in terms of the need to protect the entire ICS and its individual elements, as well as in terms of the available resources (the cybersecurity team, their qualifications and level of awareness of the architecture of EDR solutions) and means (available EDR system elements) for organizing protection. The following methods are used: modeling attack mechanisms, modeling attacker behavior. The following results were obtained: general and specific recommendations were formulated for optimizing the operation of EDR systems and ensuring the effective use of EDR system elements in the information and communication networks of enterprises, organizations, and institutions of various types and orientations depending on the available resources and the information requiring protection. Conclusions: The identified recommendations for the application of EDR mechanisms for protecting information systems and networks allow optimizing the costs of creating a protection infrastructure and implementing security measures, taking into account the characteristics of the available tools and the training and awareness of the cybersecurity team both in terms of response time to threats and the complexity and cost of performing protection tasks.

Особенности развития образования в Амурском казачьем войске во второй половине XIX – начале XX в.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the features of the development of education in the Amur Cossack Army during the formation of a new region of the Russian Empire. The research methodology is based on a theoretical analysis of various types of sources devoted to the history of the development of education in the Far East during the chronological period under study. Using methods of analyzing archival materials and comparing data obtained from different types of sources, factors contributing to the development of a specific educational environment in the region were identified. One of them is the formation of the population of the Amur region as a result of the resettlement of Cossacks from the Transbaikal, Orenburg and Don Cossack troops. It is noted that the first documents concerning the life of the Amur Cossacks concerned increasing the literacy of the population. Cossack schools became the main type of primary education. They solved the problems of educating the younger generation in the spirit of military Cossack traditions. Fulfillment by parochial schools of an important mission to spread literacy among the Cossack population. The next factor was the lack of the required number of teaching staff. The existence of the practice of choosing a teacher from among the young people who were to go into military service by decision of the Cossack gathering. Women's colleges and pedagogical classes in women's gymnasiums played a significant role in the training of primary school teachers. There is a lag in the development of education in the region compared to the European part of Russia. A significant factor that influenced the development of education in the Far East was the holding of congresses of teachers of schools of the Cossack army of the Amur region at the beginning of the twentieth century. Discussion at congress meetings of the goals of educational development in the region, issues of the content of education in Cossack schools. Based on an analysis of various sources of information, the article traces the path of development of education in the Amur region from Cossack schools designed to provide basic literacy to the established network of educational institutions aimed at training the region’s own intelligentsia, worthy members of society.

Institutional Brokerage Networks: Facilitating Liquidity Provision

Abstract We argue that institutional brokerage networks facilitate liquidity provision and mitigate the price impact of large non-information-motivated trades. Using commissions, we map trading networks of mutual funds (institutions) and their brokers. Central funds (institutions) tend to outperform their peripheral counterparts in terms of return gap (execution shortfall). This outperformance is more pronounced when funds experience large outflows and for large trades in less liquid stocks. Central brokers can deliver superior trade execution compared to peripheral brokers, but mainly for central institutions. We use the collapse of Lehman Brothers as a quasi-natural experiment to establish the likely causality of our findings.

Half-volume validation of the NGM Detect™ PCR Amplification Kit and its application on degraded casework samples.

The NGM Detect™ PCR Amplification Kit was designed particularly for genotyping degraded casework samples. This study aimed to validate the half-volume amplification of the kit and to present its successful long-term application. The validation was performed in accordance to the corresponding guidelines of the Scientific Working Group on DNA analysis methods and the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes. For validation parameters, such as sensitivity, reproducibility, and repeatability, polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were set up both manually and robotically, applying 29 cycles. For PCRs with sub-optimal DNA input (≤0.5 ng) the cycle numbers were increased to 31. Regardless of the PCR preparation method, the optimal 0.5 ng DNA input produced optimal allelic peak heights with no allelic dropout. The first alleles that failed to amplify started to appear at the level of 0.0375 ng input DNA, although the manually prepared PCRs produced fewer missing alleles. In this case, the raised cycle number produced 1.9% and 4.4% of dropout for manually and for robotically set up PCRs, respectively. In the case of 84 degraded casework samples, PCRs were prepared only by hand. The kit was able to provide informative profiles for 78.57%, 70.37%, and 69.77% for lowly, moderately, and highly degraded samples, respectively. Allelic dropouts were 26.05%, 44.88%, and 51.23% for the same groups. According to our results, we strongly recommend using the NGM Detect™ Kit in half-volume PCR system and encourage the usage of the kit in the particular cases when other kits fail to produce a complete DNA profile.

Динамика культурно-политического развития ингушского народа в 1920–1930 гг.

The dynamics of the cultural and political development of the Ingush people during the 1920–1930s is examined in the article, focusing on the gradual elimination of their statehood. It presents an overview of the contradictory policies of Soviet power in the region. On one hand, processes of modernization and Europeanization were pursued under a unified Soviet policy, while on the other hand, they exhibited regional specificities. The inherent contradictions in the Soviet power’s national policies were inevitable within the totalitarian model of command-administrative systems. Despite declaring internationalism as the basis for a future communist society, the practical process of autonomization often involved the territorial division along ethnic lines, which sometimes did not align with the local population’s national composition. Territorial administration was arbitrary, leading to land disputes that remain relevant today. The Soviet government, pursuing a policy of cultural development of the Ingush Autonomous Region, creating a network of educational institutions, forming national personnel from among the Ingush, simultaneously carried out repression of the Ingush intelligentsia. This process was accompanied by territorial disturbances, resulting in the loss of established infrastructure alongside the loss of statehood. The policy of “korenizatsiya” (indigenization) was marked by excesses; however, the struggle for the cultural development of the Ingush people, as an integral part of the ideological work of the Soviet state, ultimately achieved significant successes.

Pink Slips (for Some): Campus Employment, Social Class, and COVID-19

Although undergraduates from all class backgrounds work while attending college, little is known about how students approach finding work and the benefits they reap from different on-campus roles. Drawing on interviews with 110 undergraduates at Harvard University, we show that in the absence of clear institutional expectations surrounding on-campus work opportunities, students draw on class-based strategies to determine which jobs are “right for them.” Upper-income students pursued “life of the mind” jobs that permitted them access to institutional resources and networks. Alternatively, lower-income students pursued more transactional “work for pay” positions that yielded fewer institutional benefits and connections. The consequences of these differential strategies were amplified during COVID-19 campus closures as work-for-pay positions were eliminated while life of the mind continued remotely. Through documenting heterogeneity in work experiences, we reveal a class-segregated labor market on campus and extend previous analyses of how university practices exacerbate class differences and reproduce inequality.

Optimal key forwarding strategy in QKD behaviours

Nowadays QKD plays a critical role in unconditionally-secure and quantum-safe key distribution. Commercially available QKD devices are getting more popular for institutional and governmental national and international networks, but are expensive and offer limited key rates. We provide a formalization of QKD-generated key forwarding and redistribution at the KMS level by extending the network graph of physical QKD links to the complete graph with logical links, and we investigate its application on three practical scalable scenarios (all-to-all, one-to-all, one-to-one). We define a maximization goal for each scenario, and provide a linear programming problem statement to compute the optimal redistribution. We perform an extensive analysis of the algorithm in terms of forwarding results and key consumption on simulated QKD networks and discuss the implications of network size and graph topology on the algorithm’s performance and complexity.

Заснування Першої чоловічої гімназії у Житомирі та формування її педагогічного колективу

The purpose of the article is to analyze the prerequisites, reasons and circumstances of the establishment of one of the oldest educational institutions in Ukraine, and to characterize the quality of its teaching staff. The research methodology is based on a combination of general scientific and special historical methods and adherence to the main principles of historical research: historicism, objectivity, systematicity in the process of processing archival sources and documents and preparing conclusions. The scientific novelty is that, for the first time, a set of archival sources related to the history of the First Boys' Gymnasium in Zhytomyr has been thoroughly processed, the historiography of the problem has been characterized, and the process of the foundation and formation of this educational institution, the formation of the teaching staff, has been followed in detail. For the first time, biographical information about the teachers of the gymnasium from the initial period of its existence is presented. New archival sources were introduced into scientific circulation. Conclusions. The establishment of the First Boys' Gymnasium in Zhytomyr took place in the context of a change in the national policy of tsarism towards the Poles after the suppression of the Polish uprising of 1830-1831. By creating a network of Russian-language educational institutions, the tsarist authorities aimed to overcome Polish influence on the territory of the Volyn Governorate and implement the imperial Russification policy in the region. The Boys' Gymnasium in Zhytomyr, founded in 1833, is one of the oldest educational institutions in Ukraine and one of the first (after Kyiv and Nizhyn) to train future scientists for the newly established Kyiv University. Using the example of the First Boys' Gymnasium in Zhytomyr, we state that in the initial period of formation of gymnasium education in Ukraine, turnover of teaching staff, their flow from one educational institution to another, was characteristic. By transferring teachers from the Zhytomyr Boys' Gymnasium to St. Volodymyr University, the problem of staff shortage in the latter was solved.

Communist General Mircho Spasov and the Rise of Lawlessness. Psychoanalysis, Language and History

Using the linguistic turn in psychoanalysis (J. Lakan, J. Kristeva), the author analyzed the unpublished autobiographical memories of State Security General Mircho Spasov, a mass murderer responsible for the eitsblishing of communist concentration camps. His memories are compared with his personnel file in the State Security. The lack of a father, the suicidal mother who abandoned him, the alienation from kinship, religious and institutional symbolic networks lead to a rethinking of the punishing in a rewarding social situation with the help of communist anti-language, conspiratorial publicity and the grandiose utopia for an all-powerful, self-sufficient, phallic "Mother Communist Party". Sado-masochic pre-Oedipal regression is associated with early narcissistic trauma and the problem of the Other – eroticizing the power over Others and the power of the Others. The analysis is supported by the similar biographical profiles of the Head of State Todor Zhivkov, a friend of Mircho Spasov, and his col-league from the State Security – the terrorist Mitka Grubcheva.

The impact of regulatory pressure on eco-innovation: The role of eco-motivation and network embeddedness

In the context of green development, eco-innovation is a critical way for firms to pursue high-quality development. Drawing on institutional theory and network embeddedness theory, this study investigates the influence of regulatory pressure on eco-innovation, and examines the mediating role of eco-motivation and the moderating role of network embeddedness. Based on the data collected from 426 smart manufacturing firms, the empirical findings uncover that both coercive pressure and incentive pressure exert direct effects on eco-innovation. Notably, these pressures also indirectly affect eco-innovation via the partial mediating role of eco-motivation. Moreover, the research reveals that coercive pressure significantly facilitates radical eco-innovation, whereas incentive pressure is more conducive to incremental eco-innovation. Additionally, the study unveils that network embeddedness moderates the relationship between eco-motivation and eco-innovation, and higher levels of relational and structural embeddedness strengthen the positive impact of eco-motivation on eco-innovation. This research not only elucidates the mechanisms of regulatory pressure on eco-innovation but also provides new insights for government environmental regulation and facilitating eco-innovation of smart manufacturing firms.

Institutional Investor Information Networks and Stock Price Synchronicity

ABSTRACT The inefficiency of information flow in the capital market has led to a significant increase in stock price synchronicity, which has emerged as a critical challenge to the development of emerging capital markets. Based on a complex network perspective, this article investigates the relationship between institutional investor information networks and stock price synchronicity using data from Chinese public fund heavy holdings between 2011 and 2022. Empirical tests show that network correlation significantly reduces stock price synchronicity, while network centrality improves it. Mechanism analysis suggests that the information network affects stock price synchronicity through information diffusion and spillover effects. Furthermore, the analysis shows that the impact of information network structure on stock price synchronicity varies under different market conditions. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for strengthening the supervision of institutional investors’ behavior and reducing stock price synchronicity in emerging markets.

Strategic assessment model of smart stadiums based on genetic algorithms and literature visualization analysis: A case study from Chengdu, China

This paper leverages Citespace and VOSviewer software to perform a comprehensive bibliometric analysis on a corpus of 384 references related to smart sports venues, spanning from 1998 to 2022. The analysis encompasses various facets, including author network analysis, institutional network analysis, temporal mapping, keyword clustering, and co-citation network analysis. Moreover, this paper constructs a smart stadiums strategic assessment model (SSSAM) to compensate for confusion and aimlessness by genetic algorithms (GA). Our findings indicate an exponential growth in publications on smart sports venues year over year. Arizona State University emerges as the institution with the highest number of collaborative publications, Energy and Buildings becomes the publication with the most documents. While, Wang X stands out as the scholar with the most substantial contribution to the field. In scrutinizing the betweenness centrality indicators, a paradigm shift in research hotspots becomes evident-from intelligent software to the domains of the Internet of Things (IoT), intelligent services, and artificial intelligence (AI). The SSSAM model based on artificial neural networks (ANN) and GA algorithms also reached similar conclusions through a case study of the International University Sports Federation (FISU), building Information Modeling (BIM), cloud computing and artificial intelligence Internet of Things (AIoT) are expected to develop in the future. Three key themes developed over time. Finally, a comprehensive knowledge system with common references and future hot spots is proposed.

Competing discourses, contested roles: Electronic health records in medical education.

The integration of electronic health records (EHRs) into medical education remains contested despite their widespread use in clinical practice. For medical trainees, this has resulted in idiosyncratic and often ad hoc methods of instruction on EHR use. The purpose of this study was to understand the currently fragmented nature of EHR instruction by examining discourses of EHR use within the medical education literature. We conducted a Foucauldian critical discourse analysis to identify discourses of EHRs in the medical education literature. We found our texts through a systematic search of widely cited medical education journals from 2013-2023. Each text was analysed for recurring truth statements-claims framed as self-evidently true and thus not needing supporting evidence-about the role of EHRs in medical education. We identified three major discourses: (1) EHRs as a clinical skill and competency, emphasising training of physical interactions between learners, patients and computers; (2) EHRs as a system, emphasising the creation and facilitation of networks of people, technologies, institutions and standards; and (3) EHRs as a cognitive process, framed as a method to shape processes like clinical reasoning and bias. Each discourse privileged certain stakeholders over others and served to rationalise educational interventions that could be seen as beneficial in isolation yet were often disjointed in combination. Competing discourses of EHR use in medical education produce divergent interventions that exacerbate their contested role in contemporary medical education. Identifying different claims for the benefits of EHR use in these settings allows educators to make rational choices between competing educational directions.

“Mamá en inglés se dice ‘pre-med’”: bilingual Mexican-origin first-generation college undergraduates aspiring for medical careers

ABSTRACT Drawing on thirty pláticas with fifteen Mexican-origin premedical students enrolled at a large research university along the U.S./Mexico border region, we examine the strategies these young women use to persist in a heavily white and Asian dominant field where they are severely underrepresented. Our analysis underscores three main themes: 1) Language brokering; 2) Lack of Latina faculty representation limits social capital and; 3) Reliance on peers and Latinx centered organizations. We find that premedical Latinas, most of whom are of Mexican heritage in California, harness the bilingual language capital they accumulated in their childhoods as a valuable asset to gain access to opportunities in medicine, but have difficulty developing the necessary social capital networks in institutions of higher education with faculty. As a result, they turn to peer networks and Latinx ethnic organizations that serve as a bulwark from institutionalized discrimination and a means of developing the necessary social capital to persist.

Systemic Risk and Bank Networks: A Use of Knowledge Graph with ChatGPT

In this paper, we study the networks of financial institutions using textual data (i.e., news). We draw knowledge graphs after the textual data has been processed via various natural language processing and embedding methods, including use of the most recent version of ChatGPT (via OpenAI api). Our final graphs represent bank networks and further shed light on the systemic risk of the financial institutions. Financial news reflects live how financial institutions are connected, via graphs which provide information on conditional dependencies among the financial institutions. Our results show that in the year 2016, the chosen 22 top U.S. financial firms are not closely connected and, hence, present no systemic risk.

Impact of institutional overlapping on water governance of Himalayan City, Nainital, India

ABSTRACT This article investigates the current institutional arrangement concerning water governance in Nainital, India, located in the Western Himalayas. It assesses the availability of water resources, the functioning of the supply system, and sheds light on the role of institutions in managing water resources, supply, and distribution. Through qualitative methods (such as focus group discussions and key informant interviews with officials from water management institutions, citizens, etc.) supplemented by a literature review, the study reveals a complex network of institutions and stakeholders involved in water management. This complexity results in overlapping jurisdictions, leading to accountability gaps and various issues. The study identifies that in Nainital, existing institutions operate independently, impacting water governance in terms of water supply, resources, and environmental aspects. Considering the fragile biophysical environment of Nainital, the study also recommends integration of nature-centric approaches into institutional frameworks, which can be helpful in improving the resilience of water systems and promoting sustainable water governance

Barriers to uptake of referral services from secondary eye care to tertiary eye care and its associated determinants in L V Prasad Eye Institute network in Southern India: A cross-sectional study-Report II.

To investigate the barriers to the uptake of referral services from secondary care centers (SC) to a higher-level tertiary care center (TC) in Southern India. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Mahabubnagar district of Telangana, India, between February 1, 2018 to January 31, 2019 and all those referred from SC to TC between January 1, 2013 to December 30, 2016 were identified for interview. Based on inclusion criteria, of the 960 participants identified, 681 (70.9%) participated in the study. A validated study questionnaire was administered to all participants. Information collected were the demographic details, details related to their referral and barriers to referral. The participants that presented at TC were considered compliant and who did not, were non-compliant. Reasons for non-compliance was also collected. The mean age those interviewed was 46.1 years (SD: 17.3 years) and 429 (63%) were males and 252 (37%) were females. Overall, 516 (75.8%) were compliant, and 165 (24.2%) were non-compliant. The major factors for non-compliance were economic (16.4%) and attitudinal (44.2%) barriers. Within the attitudinal barrier category, the most prevalent individual attitudinal barriers were 'too busy to go to the eye center for treatment (16.4%)'and 'able to manage routine daily activities with current vision (12.1%)'. The multivariable analysis showed that the non-compliant participants had only visited the SC once prior to the referral (odds ratio: 2.82; 95% CI: 1.43-5.57) (p = 0.003). Participants with only one SC visit, were less likely to comply with referrals and the major barriers to compliance were economical and attitudinal. It is important to address these specific barriers to provide proper counseling to participants during referrals.

Healthcare access for pregnant women in a rural developing country context: Formal and informal institutional challenges

This study examines healthcare access for pregnant women in a rural developing country context. Drawing upon institutional theory and Levesque et al’s model of access, the study finds pregnant women face challenges both of a formal and informal nature in accessing healthcare. The findings suggest the need for integrated and collaborative workings across formal and informal institutional networks. Theoretically, the study makes two contributions. First, it adds value to institutional theory by incorporating a dimension of access. Second, it builds upon Levesque et al.’s healthcare access framework by highlighting the role and significance of a third dimension—that is informal institutions, in addition to the current two—formal institutions and individual factors.

Research on the Relationship Between Institutional Investor Network, Government R&D Subsidy and Corporate R&D Investment: Evidence from China

This paper studies the relationship between institutional investor network, government subsidy and R&D investment in Chinese market. This paper selects the data of A-share listed companies from 2015 to 2020 as samples, and uses UCIENT and Stata to process and analyze the data. In this study, companies in the financial sector were excluded to avoid cross-pollination. Through empirical analysis, the research results show that the higher the degree of institutional investors' network centrality, the higher the R&D investment of enterprises. This means that a well-positioned institutional investor network can obtain more professional, high-value information, and promote corporate R&D investment through joint pressure and voting by institutional investors. In addition, this study finds that government subsidies have an incentive effect on corporate R&D investment. Further analysis verifies the moderating effect of government R&D subsidies on institutional investor network and firm R&D investment. The finding shows that government subsidies can improve the promotion effect of institutional investor network location on firm R&D investment.

Institutional investor network and idiosyncratic volatility of stocks

AbstractThis paper constructs an institutional investor network based on the heavy holdings of the same stock in China and conducts a social network analysis to investigate the influence of this network on stock price volatility from the perspectives of network structure (density) and location (centrality). The study demonstrates that institutional investor network density is negatively related to stock price volatility, while network centrality is positively related to it. Mechanism analyses further reveal that network density reduces stock price volatility by mitigating private information arbitrage behavior among institutional investors, whereas network centrality increases stock price volatility by creating private information arbitrage opportunities within the network. Additionally, the paper finds that information asymmetry enhances the positive effect of network centrality on stock price volatility. These findings are generally consistent across subsample analyses for different market states, reactions to good and bad news, and types of equity ownership, as well as in other robustness tests. The practical implications of these findings are significant for market stability regulation.