Institutional Hierarchy Research Articles

Adopting an intersectoral One Health approach in India: Time for One Health Committees.

Following the several episodes of zoonotic disease outbreaks and the more recent COVID-19 pandemic, the Indian policy initiatives are committed to institutionalize One Health (OH) approaches and promote intersectoral, transdisciplinary collaboration and cooperation. The OH principle needs to be visualized beyond the scope of zoonoses. While conservation, ecological and veterinary professions are getting increasingly engaged with OH, most of the medical/clinical and social sciences professions are only peripherally aware of its nuances. The OH initiatives, by their essentially multidisciplinary nature, entail working across ministries and navigating tacit institutional hierarchies and allocating leadership roles. The logical operational step will be the constitution of One Health Committees (OHC) at the State and district levels. Here, we outline the key foundational principles of OHC and hope that the framework for implementation shall be deliberated through wider consultations and piloted and adopted in a phased manner.

Трансформація підходів поліцейського функціонування в руслі впровадження теорії розбитих вікон і моделі САРО

The purpose of the article is to study the foreign experience of using in modern Ukrainian realities methods of effective crime prevention in the framework of the theory of broken windows and the SARO model (scanning, analysis, response and evaluation). Methodology. A set of general scientific and special-scientific methods of cognition is used, namely: terminological, system-structural, formal-logical, historical-legal, comparative-legal, social-legal, method of theoretical-legal analysis. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is that for the first time in domestic criminology an attempt to transform approaches to policing in line with the implementation of the theory of broken windows and the SARO model in the context of cross-border cooperation and globalization, as well as outlined the spiritually valuable aspects of the practical implementation of the studied concepts. The scientific article examines the current problems of modern Ukrainian society and proposes measures for crime prevention and reducing in line with the implementation of the theory of broken windows and the SARO model. A general digression into the history of these concepts has been made, spiritually valuable aspects of the theory of broken windows are revealed, foreign experience of SARO model implementation is studied, and also revealed the specifics of their functioning in the context of cross-border cooperation and globalization. The author substantiates the need for practical implementation of the studied theoretical developments in domestic realities. Numerous scientific works are devoted to the study of the theory of broken windows; however, the situation remains disappointing: it has not been properly popularized and put into practice. There is a need to unite the efforts of all public authorities, civil society institutions and the entire social community in order to consolidate cooperation for further promotion of this area of research. From the standpoint of the practical implementation of the theory of broken windows would be quite effective action «Put order near your home». You can announce a competition, annually encouraging concerned citizens, entrepreneurs to make our cities tidier, more attractive for visitors. No wonder they say: tidy is not where they clean, but where they do not litter, because everything starts with cleanliness. At the same time, the police and the public must take a principled stand in these processes. In the institutional hierarchy of all criminological theories and concepts, the SARO model is promising for implementation. Canadian experience in its practical application has shown the successful overcoming of poverty, unemployment, drug addiction, domestic violence, suicidal ideation, corruption, high crime rates, and public distrust. The implementation of the SARO model in Ukrainian realities is an important step in the reform of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the direction of crime prevention. Conclusions. According to the theory of broken windows, the rate of deterioration of the criminogenic situation directly depends on the number of minor offenses. The theory clearly demonstrates how the smallest details affect great successes, achievements and victories. It is aimed at eradicating and fighting with evil. It turns out that littered streets, polluted environment, run-down houses, painted walls are the cause of many offenses and negative consequences in society. The theory of broken windows is not only external purity, but first of all – internal, which is the key to harmony, well-being, and usual moral and psychological climate in the team, the state. In addition, this theory is a promising factor in crime prevention. For example, when the investigator inspects the scene of a crime, he pays attention to the smallest details and subtleties. Therefore, the studied theory can be developed on a much broader scale, considering it in terms of spiritual and value component: purity of thoughts, the ability to respect human as the highest social value. Thus, the social aspects of the theory of broken windows and the model of SARO in relation to their implementation are boundless. In close cooperation between states, public authorities and the community, investment projects are of great importance on the way to cleanliness in cities, crime and optimizing the functioning of the police. As part of the practical implementation of the theory of broken windows and the SARO model, it is proposed to start writing joint research. We believe that these criminological developments need special popularization in order for further their practical implementation in each region of our state. This year MDNP in Ivano-Frankivsk region proposed to include in the Plan of research and development work of the National Academy of Internal Affairs for 2021 research: Criminological theory of broken windows and the model of interaction between the police and the SARO community (scanning, analysis, response and evaluation) in crime prevention, which will enhance scientific work on writing theoretical and methodological works, as well as preparing conclusions and recommendations for practical implementation of experience in domestic realities. Keywords: theory of broken windows; SARO model; police functioning; public authorities; spiritual and value component.

Dealing with rent and rentier economies: New perspectives from institutional economics

Heterodox economics may study rent from various angles. The first one is that of the source of income; the second is that of its macroeconomic impacts; the third is that of income distribution. This introduction highlights the contributions of the papers published in this issue from these three different angles. As far as it is concerned, Régulation Theory has developed a comprehensive reading of what it called the “rentier accumulation regime”, including it in the analysis of the variety of capitalism and allowing for a dialogue with development economics. In particular, it shows that institutional hierarchies co-evolve with the fluctuations of rent. The notion of rentier accumulation regime enables us to understand how some developing countries have resilient institutions despite structural weaknesses.

Fred Moten, Stolen Life, (Vol. 2. of consent not to be a single being)

Fred Moten, Stolen Life, (Vol. 2. of consent not to be a single being) Duke University Press, 2018. Pp.337. ISBN 9780822370581 Christine Okoth, University of Warwick In the context of the neoliberal university and the marketisation of education, the assignment is a means of measuring progress, monitoring productivity, and maintaining the institutional hierarchies that govern educational settings. The assignment also ensures that student and teacher are put to work, that they understand lear...

Representación visual del patrimonio de la zona lacustre de Pátzcuaro, México, desde la gestión turística pública

Las representaciones visuales del patrimonio y del territorio son frecuentemente utilizadas como usufructo de la publicidad y de la gestión turística. Se observa que en un territorio turístico se relacionan, entre otros procesos, la construcción de imaginarios, la identificación del patrimonio por jerarquía institucional, así como la codificación de la cultura y/o valoración simbólica hegemónica. Por tanto, se propone el estudio de la representación visual del patrimonio de la Zona Lacustre de Pátzcuaro en Michoacán, México, región en la que existe una larga tradición turística en convivencia con las comunidades indígenas. Como objetivo central se tiene establecer la correlación entre el discurso implícito en la imagen turística, desde las primeras representaciones de ese territorio hasta la actualidad, y la percepción de los gestores turísticos públicos. El método propuesto parte del análisis de contenido de cada ilustración compilada y de las entrevistas a los actores adscritos al sector público. Se pretende mostrar cómo se ha utilizado el patrimonio en la imagen turística, cuáles elementos son más representativos o atractivos desde la perspectiva de la gestión pública, así como la importancia que le dan los funcionarios públicos a su relación con las comunidades indígenas.

Formal and Informal Institutions, and FDI Flows: A Review of the Empirical Literature and Propositions for Further Research

The aim of this paper is to firstly, summarize the empirical literature dealing with the relationship between formal and informal institutions on one side and foreign direct investment (FDI) on the other, and secondly, to propose a possible path for further progress in the field. The main proposition of the paper is that when formulating hypotheses, the empirical research on the institutions-FDI nexus should rely (to a greater extent) on the theories from institutional economics, more specifically on the theory of institutional stickiness (Boettke et al., 2008) and the hierarchy of institutions (Williamson, 2000), and the theory of coevolution of culture (informal institutions) and formal institutions (Bisin and Verdier, 2017). Within the framework of these theories, the paper provides four suggestions as regards the manner in which further progress in the empirical research on the institutions-FDI nexus can be achieved. https://doi.org/10.15458/ebr100

A quantitative approach to studying hierarchies of primary institutions in international society: The case of United Nations General Assembly disarmament resolutions, 1989–1998

In this article, we aim to contribute to two contemporary debates within the English School. The debate about how to observe primary institutions and the debate concerning hierarchy between primary institutions. Specifically, we analyse references to primary institutions in United Nations General Assembly disarmament resolutions in the decade 1989–1998 and their distribution using descriptive statistics. In this way, the article offers a novel approach to identifying primary institutions empirically, and provides some insight into the hierarchy-question in the sense of documenting the relative numerical presence of references to different primary institutions in a specific issue area and temporal context. With respect to the latter, the key finding is that great power management, diplomacy and international law are by far the most prominent primary institutions in the analysed material. This is an intriguing finding, not least given the importance attached to them by Hedley Bull in his classic work The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics. The main contribution of the article is thus to spell out a new approach to how the aforementioned debates might proceed empirically.

Examining university leadership and the increase in workplace hostility through a Bourdieusian lens

AbstractResearch has noted an increase in negative workplace behaviours in the higher education sector between leaders and staff. A component of this change has been attributed to the managerial shift associated with faculty leadership roles. Positions such as dean are now sometimes filled via evidence of management experience when traditionally these roles were awarded to senior academics. This paper argues that the workplace divides between leaders employed due to management expertise (and with less regard to their research accomplishments) and academics has created new fault lines in institutional hierarchies that are impacting on intra‐faculty relationships as each group adjusts to contemporary institutional management strategies. Bourdieu's notions of habitus, capital, and field are used to dissect these fault lines and hierarchical structures to assist in understanding why the leadership shift is causing divides, if the issue is likely to continue creating rifts, and if the divide can be repaired.

State territorialization at the margins: Property formalization and paperwork in the Ethiopian Somali frontier

This paper scrutinizes property formalization as an integral part of state territorialization and demonstrates how bounded spaces are fused with political authority. Despite a long history of contestations over land in the Ethiopian Somali frontier, state law gained significance as a regulatory frame to grant and secure property rights of ethnic Somalis in the city of Jigjiga. In the city's land registry archive, this increased the amount of paperwork through which the relation between the Ethiopian state and Somali citizens has been remade under ethnic federal rule. Based on ethnographic and archival research in Jigjiga, this paper examines the writing practices and performances of land governance experts at different sites of paperwork where property relations are brought on paper and drawn together into law and institutional hierarchies. It reveals property formalization to consolidate state-citizen relations in symbolic and material form: in the city's expansion area where law is entangled within an emerging property landscape, and in the city's registry archive where legal documents are preserved. On that basis, this paper captures state formation as both a cultural and material process. It does so by highlighting the mediating role of bureaucratic actors and artifacts in the inscription of the state's symbolic languages in an emerging property landscape.

Conception and policy implications of photovoltaic modules end‐of‐life management in China

AbstractChina has become the world's largest market for photovoltaic (PV). Effective management of end‐of‐life PV components is critical to the sustainable development of renewable energy. However, the scale of PV recycle industry is still small in China, and there is a lack of supporting policies and public attention. Issues and solutions regarding PV end‐of‐life management have not been well covered by the research community, and this article aimed at filling this gap. This article first examined the growing need for PV modules end‐of‐life management in China as a result of rapid PV installation expansion fueled by governments’ policy promotion and fiscal incentives, especially with special programs such as the Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation Initiative. Then, factors leading to the PV components recycling issues, policies adopted in other countries and regions to promote PV recycle, and various business modes that can be applied to enable PV recycle were reviewed. Finally, a more effective institutional hierarchy was presented for PV modules end‐of‐life management, with a set of specific recommendations on actions that can help strengthen PV end‐of‐life management.This article is categorized under: Photovoltaics > Economics and Policy Photovoltaics > Systems and Infrastructure

Policy Coordination for National Climate Change Adaptation in Europe: All Process, but Little Power

Climate change adaptation (CCA) is argued to require coordinated policy responses because it is a complex, long-term, knowledge intensive, cross-sectoral, and multi-level governance challenge that involves many interdependencies and actors with different perceptions, goals, and approaches. This study, therefore, examines approaches of a set of European Union (EU) member states (Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom (England)) to pursue a more coordinated approach to CCA policy. It specifically addresses the co-ordination approaches that the selected countries use for the development and implementation of their national CCA policies in the immediate period following the publication of the EU’s 2013 Adaptation Strategy. The analysis demonstrates that while useful coordination processes have been established in the analyzed EU member states, they have difficulty in challenging existing institutional hierarchies and decision rules. Consequently, longer-term opportunities for managing CCA conflicts and synergies among sectoral policies have to date been limited.

Symposium: Critical Friendships, Poetic Relations: Weaving Inspirited Pathways Through the Academy

In this symposium presentation, we explore how four women scholars are drawn to one another as a sustaining and life-giving practice in the hetero-patriarchal world of academia. Institutional attitudes, power, hierarchy and oppression (Betasamosake Simpson, 2014; Foucault, 2008; Kumashiro, 2002) hold both a visible and an invisible presence in the academy as individuals struggle with increasing workloads, institutional accountability and competition. We base our foundational understandings of these conditions in critical theory (Freire, 2000), and turn to ecology (Abram, 1996; Jardine, 2006; Macy & Brown, 2014) and Indigenous philosophies (Smith, 2012) for a response that is messy, heart-full, multivocal and rooted in good relations. We weave poetry and narrative writing to describe the well-worn pathways in the academy and to critically reflect on how we might step away from them to create fresh and renewed paths. Walking alongside each other in a courageous sisterhood, we see our criss-crossing footsteps, woven together like a braid, creating strength and new possibilities through relationships. We engage Indigenous and literary métissage (Donald, 2012; Hasebe-Ludt et al., 2009) as a form of life writing (Richardson & St. Pierre, 2005) and we will invite our audience into a dialogue that explores the deep influence of these relations on our well-being and success on our personal and academic journeys.

How Do Institutional Frameworks Shape Financial Development in Developing Countries?

While the economic effects of financial development have been widely studied,less attention has been paid to the sources of such development, particularly indeveloping countries. Existing studies that have identified institutions as a driverof financial development have not taken into account the different institutionalframeworks, such as democracy, political stability and social policies in Africa,where institutional and financial development is a challenge to trigger the economictake-off of countries. This paper aims to fill this gap by studying the effect of differentinstitutional frameworks on financial development in a sample of North andsub-Saharan African countries using a panel ARDL analysis. In contrast to previousliterature that supports a positive effect between institutions and finance, we findmore nuanced results. While less corruption, expropriation, political instability andautocracy favor the financial sector, a higher level of social policies can undermineits development. These results validate the “hierarchy of institutions”-hypothesisand reveal a “social-financial” dilemma in African countries.

Telecoupling mechanism of urban land expansion based on transportation accessibility: A case study of transitional Yangtze River economic Belt, China

Several studies have explored the drivers of urban land expansion (ULE), but disregarded the influence of distant spatial effect on ULE at a large regional scale. This study contributed to a tele-coupling relationship framework between spatial spillover of ULE and transportation accessibility to find the influence of distance spatial effect on ULE. Drawing upon land-use remote sensing data from 1990–2015 and transportation network data, this study assessed the relationship between transportation accessibility and ULE, and developed a second-order spatial autoregressive model (SO-SAR) to explore the spatial spillover mechanism of ULE in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). The results find that ULE exhibits a significantly positive spatial correlation when the connection criterion of accessibility is 2 h≤hour≤3 h. The SO-SAR model results show that ULE is affected by the historical ULE, which presents a significant path-dependence effect. Moreover, the ULE in most local cities has a weak inhibition on the ULE of the surrounding cities where the connection criterion of accessibility is 1 h. However, the spillover effects of remote city’s ULE have a slight positive impact on local ULE due to the improvement of traffic accessibility from 2005 to 2015. In addition, openness, labor flows, institutional hierarchy, and economic structure had a significantly positive effect on ULE during the period 1990–2015 in the YREB. Policy reforms are suggested to encourage the development of integrated transportation and urban land use at a large regional scale in China. Moreover, there is a need for a mindset shift from cities competing competition over land to cooperation between the cities in YREB.

Between Art and Commerce: Women, Business Ownership, and the Arts and Crafts Movement*

Abstract In art-historical works and social and cultural histories the Arts and Crafts movement is portrayed as an anti-commercial design reform movement that revolved around the workshops of a cadre of elite male ‘craftsmen’. But a confluence of elements during this era — developments in print culture; urbanization; mass consumerism; the women’s movement; reactions against industrialization; widespread interest in medievalism and domestic crafts — created an environment in which many more people became involved in the movement than is traditionally recognized. This research offers the first history of the emergence of women’s ‘artistic’ businesses across England, c.1870–1939. The article argues that the persistent focus on institutional hierarchies in histories of skilled work has led to a failure to consider the importance of rhetorical self-fashioning and the built environment in the construction of new cultural roles. Engrained disciplinary divides have also led to discrete bodies of scholarship on the history of artistic culture, ‘professional society’ and business ownership, which belie the interwoven nature of these categories in lived experience. Tracing the gendered strategies implemented by women business owners ultimately reveals their democratization of the movement to incorporate greater reception of domestic consumerism, ‘popular’ culture, and a wider range of incomes and interests.

New wine in old bottles? Examining institutional hierarchy in laureate mobility networks, 1900–2017

One of the major trends in academia today is the constant growth of the mobility of scientists. However, the unbalanced mobility of scientific elites can not only lead to institutional hierarchy in research sectors but also result in an “elite circulation” phenomenon. In this study, we collected the information on the institutional mobility of 10,918 laureates of 308 international academic awards, and constructed laureate mobility networks. Furthermore, we examined the structure of these networks by using several statistical approaches. We find that there are hierarchical structures in laureate mobility networks, both in different scientific fields and at different historical periods, indicating that only a few institutions link a higher number of laureates and most institutions at a lower number. In addition, the Gini coefficient shows a higher level of institutional inequality in laureate mobility networks over time.

Special Issue: Heredity and Evolution in an Ibero-American Context

Special Issue: Heredity and Evolution in an Ibero-American Context

Value-based Healthcare: "Physician Activation": Healthcare Transformation Requires Physician Engagement and Leadership.

Value-based Healthcare: "Physician Activation": Healthcare Transformation Requires Physician Engagement and Leadership.

The strategic use of translingual resources in Inner Circle academic settings

AbstractStandardized American English is treated as normative for US academic interactions. However, international scholars use translingual practices effectively to negotiate academic relationships and practices. In a sequential analysis of research group meetings (RGMs), we show the importance of spatial repertoires in stance negotiations to understand how normative English is renegotiated in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) mentoring interactions. The strategic use of spatial repertoires by an international scholar demonstrates the competence he brings for effective stancetaking in academic communication, belying his classification as lacking proficiency in academic English. Our findings highlight the deft negotiations of power through the scholar's orientations towards verbal and semiotic resources in interpersonal stances. We show that regardless of institutional hierarchies, positions taken by senior and novice scholars reflect the fluidity in knowledge and expertise in STEM. The use of spatial repertoires mediates the negotiation of these relationships and language norms.

Ideologies about English as the language of science in Brazil

AbstractThis article discusses rationalizations in the Brazilian scientific community about a stretch of language that is idealized as the ‘language fit for science’. In decoupling linguistic structures from the consequential whole of language practices, metadiscourses about the scaling up of science in Brazil (that is, its movement away from a national scale and towards English‐language audiences) reduce power dynamics, institutional hierarchies, and global inequities to a flat, harmonious space and homogenous time where science supposedly unfolds. Although recent scholarship has produced empirical evidence that contemporary transcultural flows and encounters produce hybrid communicative resources and transidiomatic recombinations, these creolized idioms are largely ignored in ideologies of the language of science. While this process of extracting an idealized ‘standard’ from the realm of diversity and recombination is not new, the resulting anxieties and insecurities among those affected by pressures for going upscale are renewed, and should be critically assessed.