Institutional Responses Research Articles

A ESCOLA INDÍGENA NO DIREITO BRASILEIRO

This article presents an excerpt from the Doctoral Thesis that investigates HIGHER EDUCATION: THE TRAINING OF INDIGENOUS TEACHERS IN THE PEDAGOGY COURSE – NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR TRAINING BASIC EDUCATION TEACHERS (PARFOR), IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF SANTO ANTÔNIO DO IÇÁ – AMAZONAS. The study deals with the insertion of the school in the Brazilian indigenous space where the school among indigenous communities acquires a new meaning, starting to be contemplated as a means of guaranteeing access to general knowledge without having to deny their cultural specifi cities and their ethnic identities. The proposal for a diff erentiated indigenous school represents a great novelty in the country’s educational system and requires that responsible bodies and institutions defi ne new mechanisms, concepts and dynamics so that these schools are eff ectively benefi ted and incorporated with their inclusion in the offi cial network, and respected in their particularities.

«Зеленые» рабочие места в FinTech: международный опыт регулирования корпоративного обучения, поддержки занятости и кейс-стадии банковского сектора России

The article examines international regulatory experience and internal cases of corporate training and the creation of “green” jobs in the financial industry of Russia from the perspective of the potential of their impact on the economy, as well as the definition of the mechanism of “green” transformation. A theoretical vision of the concept of “green” jobs is proposed, which is based on global institutions of sustainable development and climate responsibility, the multilevel nature of such a concept is considered, international experience of corporate training of employees of banking institutions is analyzed, as well as relevant cases of Russian banks. The main value of the work is the proposed model of “green” transformation of jobs in the banking sector.

Trust repertoires and the reception of institutional responses to the COVID-19 crisis in Europe: A latent class analysis

This article examines the role of institutional trust in current European societies. Based on a secondary data analysis of Eurobarometer data (response rate 39.6%), it maps institutional trust repertoires and analyzes their consequences for a crisis that disturbed public life immensely in 2020 and 2021—the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures to fight this. Methodologically, it applies a multilevel latent class analysis of 18 institutions. Taking inspiration from “cultural backlash” theory, the explanatory analyses incorporate socio-political values and geographical identifications. The results show that there are seven different trust repertoires in the European Union (EU) countries, ranging from 24 percent mostly trustful to 11 percent mostly distrustful. EU Countries can be clustered into four classes, each with specific repertoire distributions. Particularly satisfaction with one’s own life and world developments is associated with higher trust. Compliance with COVID-19 policies is most likely when citizens trust both national political institutions and media institutions; other institutions matter less. Country health expenditure has a limited effect on the reception of COVID-19 policies but does influence membership of trust repertoires.

An Imported Environmental Crisis: Plastic Mismanagement in Africa

Plastic waste pollution is currently one of the main items on international agendas. It leads to more and more leakages and constitutes a dangerous threat to living beings and the ecosystem (toxic substances). Globally, only 9% of plastic waste is recycled, while 22% of it is mismanaged. A large part of this waste ends up legally or illegally in Africa. This article uses the available data on plastic waste to shed light on the situation in Africa. Particular attention is paid to imports of plastics and the recycling sector, as well as ways to combat improper dumping and to prevent/reduce marine pollution (microplastics). The roles and responsibilities of actors and institutions in Africa will be discussed. It is urgent for the international community, in cooperation with the local plastic/textile industries, to establish an effective and well-structured collection system for plastic and textile waste. This will help maximize the collection rate and minimize landfills through recycling. It is also necessary to encourage both the plastic and textile industries to opt for product designs that use easily recyclable materials (eco-design), and this option is crucial.

“Sentir su camino”: (Im)mobilities in the return of Venezuelan migrant women during the pandemic in Ecuador

The pandemic exacerbated the already inequitable conditions to which Venezuelan migrants are exposed in Latin America. Influenced by global policies of public health control, the Ecuadorian government imposed numerous constraints on internal and external mobilities to reinforce its restrictive shift of at least the past decade, thereby limiting migrant regularization and curtailing the guarantee of the right to seek refuge. In line with Hyndman and Giles’ concepts of the embodied feminist geopolitics of waiting and (im)mobilities this article examines how, in the context of restrictive state policies, social hostility and nationalism, heightened by a public health discourse emphasizing the threat of contagion embodied in migrants and a new border regime scenario, Venezuelan migrant women have deployed multiple strategies of self-care to preserve their lives. Such strategies including reverse migration to their home country, even when it meant returning to places that are even more precarious but perhaps safer for them. It also explores how Ecuador’s institutional responses to the pandemic affected Venezuelan migrants and their action capacity.

Muzakki Preference Analysis to Pay Zakat Through Traditional Zakat Institutions in the 5.0 Era

Based on BAZNAS data, the collection of zakat funds in 2019 reached Rp. 10,227,943,806,555. This amount is still not comparable to Indonesia’s zakat potential in 2019 which reached Rp. 233.8 trillion. The wide disparity between collection and the potential for zakat funds is a “homework” for the BAZNAS function. In addition, it also demands the need to improve the performance of BAZNAS in carrying out its institutional functional responsibilities. The method used in this research is qualitative. The research used in this includes field research. The study suggests that traditional zakat institutions could be a viable option for the community to distribute zakat. However, these institutions need to obtain a decision letter from the authorities as legal proof for collecting and distributing zakat to muzakki. So, if the community chooses to distribute their zakat to mosques, it is recommended that the mosque has been registered as UPZ as an extension of BAZNAS in the community so that in paying zakat the community does not violate existing regulations. Regulating the people is one of the maslahah dharuri that must be fulfilled. The government is realized to fulfill the world’s maslahah for its people, so the afterlife mashlahah will not be realized if the world’s maslahah is not fulfilled, with the promulgation of Law No. 23 of 2011 concerning zakat management, which in the law is regulated by BAZNAS as a traditional zakat management institution. So, the obligation of every Muslim to pay zakat should be channelled through BAZNAS as the national zakat institution.
 Keywords: zakat, BAZNAS, regulations

ARCHITECTURE OF CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN THE EDUCATION SERVICES MARKET

INTRODUCTION. The social responsibility of higher education institutions in the market of educational services is becoming increasingly important as educational institutions have an impact on the social, economic, and environmental environment. Understanding the significance of this issue is crucial for the development of a sustainable society.
 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS: The comprehensive utilization of the concepts of the green university, smart university, university promoting a healthy lifestyle, management of social and cultural diversity, management of historical and cultural heritage, the university's third mission, socially-oriented university, and university as a stakeholder organization contributes to enhancing the social responsibility of higher education institutions in the market of educational services.
 THE AIM of this article is to investigate the impact of the comprehensive utilization of social responsibility concepts in the market of educational services on universities, with the goal of exploring their potential for sustainable development and fostering a harmonious social environment.
 METHODS. This research employed analytical methods and a review of literature and scientific publications to gather and analyze information on the concepts of social responsibility in higher education institutions.
 FINDINGS. The findings of the research indicate that the comprehensive utilization of the concepts of the green university, smart university, university promoting a healthy lifestyle, management of social and cultural diversity, management of historical and cultural heritage, the university's third mission, socially-oriented university, and university as a stakeholder organization contributes to enhancing the social responsibility of higher education institutions in the market of educational services.
 CONCLUSION. The comprehensive utilization of social responsibility concepts in higher education institutions holds significant potential for improving social and economic sustainability. Implementing these concepts facilitates the creation of a balanced environment where universities actively engage in societal life and foster the harmonious development of individuals.
 KEYWORDS: social responsibility; green university; smart university; university promoting a healthy lifestyle; diversity management; heritage management; university's third mission; socially-oriented university; stakeholder organization.

A sustainable campus for an uncertain future. Two cases of infrastructural transformation at Norway’s largest university

PurposeThis study aims to convey lessons learned from two sustainability initiatives at Norway’s largest university. This contributes to knowledge-based discussions of how future, sustainable higher education institutions (HEIs) infrastructures should be envisioned and planned if the fundamental uncertainty of the future development of learning, researching and teaching is acknowledged.Design/methodology/approachThis study was submitted on 24 January 2023 and revised on 14 September 2023. HEIs, particularly when they are engaged in research activities, have a considerable environmental footprint. At the same time, HEIs are the main producers and disseminators of knowledge about environmental challenges and their employees have a high awareness of the urgent need to mitigate climate change and biodiversity loss. In this study, the gap between knowledge and environmental performance is addressed as a question of infrastructural change, which is explored in two case studies.FindingsThe first case study presents limitations of ambitious, top-down sustainability planning for HEI infrastructures: support from employees and political support are central for this strategy to succeed, but both could not be secured in the case presented leading to an abandonment of all sustainability ambitions. The second case study exposes important limitations of a circular approach: regulatory and legal barriers were found against a rapid and radical circular transformation, but also more fundamental factors such as the rationality of an institutional response to uncertainty by rapid cycles of discarding the old and investing in new equipment and facilities.Research limitations/implicationsBeing based on qualitative methods, the case studies do not claim representativity for HEIs worldwide or even in Norway. Many of the factors described are contingent on their specific context. The goal, instead, is to contribute to learning by presenting an in-depth and context-sensitive report on obstacles encountered in two major sustainability initiatives.Originality/valueResearch reporting on sustainability initiatives too often focuses descriptively on the plans or reports the successes while downplaying problems and failures. This study deviates from this widespread practice by analysing reasons for failure informed by a theoretical frame (infrastructural change). Moreover, the juxtaposition of two cases within the same context shows the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to infrastructural change particularly clearly.

Ottoman Lakes and Fluid Landscapes: Environing, Wetlands and Conservation in the Marmara Lake Basin, Circa 1550–1900

The study of Ottoman lakes and wetlands from the perspective of management and conservation is an emerging field. Scholars have explored Ottoman strategies for managing agricultural and extractive landscapes, yet detailed investigation of socio-political responses to dynamic wetlands, particularly during periods of drastic climate shifts, requires deeper investigation. Our research on wetlands and lakes moves from the purview of waqf s (pious foundations) to the emergence of the Ottoman Public Debt Administration (OPDA). By examining the shifting perspectives of institutional authority and community responses to it from the early modern period to the nineteenth century, we discuss the complexities of wetland management in the Marmara Lake Basin within the sancak of Saruhan (contemporary Manisa) in western Anatolia. We argue that intimate knowledge of this specific ecosystem played a critical role in mitigating attempts at reclamation and land grabbing and ultimately in developing legal structures of and policies for Ottoman conservation strategies. We situate our discussion within the paradigm of environing made possible by detailed longue-durée archival narratives; these micro-histories afford a dynamic perspective into non-linear responses to ecological and political changes and provide a local lens into the scalar impacts of human agency.

Peer Support to Promote Surgeon Well-being: The APSA Program Experience

BackgroundPeer support programs have evolved to train physicians to provide outreach and emotional first aid to their colleagues when they experience the inevitable challenge of a serious adverse event, whether or not it is related to a medical error. Most pediatric surgeons have experienced the trauma of a medical error, yet, in a survey of APSA membership, almost half said that no one reached out to them, and few were satisfied with their institution's response to the error. Thus, the APSA Wellness Committee developed an APSA-based peer support program to meet this need. MethodsPeer supporters were nominated by fellow APSA members, and the group was vetted to ensure diversity in demographics, practice setting, and seniority. Formal virtual training was conducted before the program went live in 2020. Trained supporters were surveyed 6 months after the program launched to evaluate their experiences with providing peer support. Results15 referrals were made in the first year, 60 % of which were self-initiated. Most referrals were for distress related to adverse events or toxic work environments (33 % each). While only about 25 % of trained supporters had provided formal support through the APSA program, more than 80 % reported using the skills to support colleagues and trainees within their own institutions. ConclusionOur experience in the first year of the APSA peer support program demonstrates the feasibility of building and maintaining a national program to provide emotional first aid by a professional society to expand the safety net for surgeons who are suffering.

A positive feedback mechanism? Institutional responsiveness to bribery reporting by citizens in 12 African countries

Paying bribes to access public services is a common form of corruption faced by citizens worldwide. A standard policy recommendation to address this problem is to create secure channels and encourage citizens to report bribery to authorities. Bribery reporting tools aim to decrease the incidence of bribery, but they could also serve to bolster anti-corruption commitment. Can bribery reporting channels also inspire citizens to fight corruption? This paper tests the claim that institutional responsiveness to bribery reporting triggers a positive feedback mechanism. The positive feedback mechanism refers to the proposition that advertising successful cases of institutional responsiveness not only persuades citizens of institutional commitment to fighting corruption but also inspires them to uptake various anti-corruption activities. The empirical strategy relies on Afrobarometer survey data from 12 countries, specifically focusing on individuals reporting bribery incidents who also answer a survey question about the subsequent actions taken by authorities. The paper assesses the persuasion effect by examining whether institutional responsiveness correlates with more positive perceptions of public institutions. Additionally, the paper assesses the inspiration effect by investigating whether this responsiveness is associated with citizens' willingness to take part in anti-corruption activities. The findings show that, even though those who have observed responsiveness to bribery reporting tend to evaluate public institutions more positively, they do not seem more willing to engage against corruption than those who do not observe responsiveness.

Gender identity differences in the experiences of family stressors and violence among transgender and non-binary individuals in China.

Emerging research has demonstrated that transgender and non-binary (TNB) individuals face an elevated risk of experiencing family rejection and violence. However, there remains a significant knowledge gap regarding how TNB individuals manage stressors and their gender identity within the family context, particularly in regions where TNB individuals are highly stigmatized and where legal protections against family violence are lacking. The present study represents one of the first pioneering efforts to provide large-scale quantitative data examining the experiences of family stressors, the management of gender identity and expression, and family violence among TNB individuals in China. A national sample of 1063 TNB individuals in China was involved in the study. They completed questionnaires about their experiences of family stressors and violence. The results indicated that 76.0% of TNB individuals reported having encountered at least one form of violence perpetrated by their family members. Transfeminine individuals were more likely to report experiencing emotional and physical abuse, whereas transmasculine individuals were more likely to be subjected to gender identity and/or expression change efforts. Family stressors, including family non-acceptance and the pressure to marry and reproduce, were positively associated with non-disclosure of gender identity, the suppression of gender expression, and family violence. The findings underscore the substantial burden of family violence borne by TNB individuals in China, which warrants immediate legal, institutional, and social responses. Trans-inclusive family violence prevention and intervention are urgently needed, with a focus on Chinese cultural factors and gender identity differences in violence screening and risk assessment.

Wage Disparities in Academia for Engineering Women of Color and the Limitations of Advocacy and Agency

The devaluation of women of Color (WoC) by way of gender discrimination and systemic racism is well documented. For WoC in engineering a chief cause is the observable wage gap. Women who identify as Asian, Black/African American, Latina/Chicana, Indigenous/Native American, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, Native Alaskan, and/or multiracial have reported stark wage disparities. In this paper, we offer a phenomenological study of how WoC engineering faculty across U.S. academic institutions describe the challenges and practices associated with wage disparities and how they navigate these disparities. This study, which is based on participant interviews, is guided by three research questions: (1) What do WoC engineering tenure-track faculty perceive about wage disparities based on their race and gender? (2) How do WoC faculty understand the institutional practices that contribute to wage disparities? and (3) How do WoC engineering faculty respond to and address wage disparities? Using structural racism and intersectionality as our guiding conceptual framework, we interviewed 32 self-identified WoC who identified structures and systems of institutional racism related to the maintenance of wage disparities. In terms of findings, we note that WoC have two primary strategies to respond to wage disparity: advocacy and agency. The experiences of WoC engineering faculty in our study highlight unsatisfying institutional responses, and thus WoC often rely on their own agency to advocate for themselves and to advocate for and mentor other WoC faculty. We found a few notable cases where men advocated for women to help close the wage gap. Our work reveals that pay inequity for WoC is often coupled with other forms of exclusion and marginalization.Reducing wage disparities in academia is critical to advancing diversity efforts and ensuring equitable support for WoC faculty. Our findings suggest that institutions can work diligently to rectify wage inequality, including making sustainable structural and salary modifications and sharing the burden of combatting wage inequities. Finally, our findings also highlight the importance of making policy changes to reduce pay inequalities, such as providing transparent pay information and more opportunities to earn merit raises.

Intermediary organizations and their role in advancing the SDGs in higher education

ABSTRACT Drawing on evidence from documents and semi-structured interviews with members of the Catalan system of higher education, this research explores how intermediary organizations (IOs) facilitate the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), conceived as a global policy framework, in local contexts. We observed that, despite the voluntary nature of SDGs-related policies, most Catalan public universities embraced the SDGs. Two contextual factors likely facilitated their effective engagement with this global initiative: first, the autonomy granted by regional and national governments to the higher education sector when it comes to social responsibility, and, second, the willingness and ability of higher education institutions (HEIs) in Catalonia to work with the SDGs. The key element added to these contextual factors was the collaboration stimulated by meso-level actors, namely Catalan intermediaries. The Catalan case exhibits a process whereby IOs effectively engage with HEIs, forging a platform for collaboration; in turn, this led the local government to delegate the task of promoting the SDGs to IOs. This paper contributes to the debate in global higher education policy-making as it discusses the policy implications of the involvement of intermediary actors in bringing global policy frameworks to local level.

Applying Predator—Prey Model to Companies Practicing—Undergoing Dumping. Theoretical Basis and Empirical Notes

This article explores the potential application of predator-prey theory to understand and model the dynamics of commercially aggressive companies involved in persistent price dumping. Drawing inspiration from ecological systems, where predator-prey interactions govern population dynamics, we adapt the underlying concept to the business realm, specifically focusing on companies engaging in aggressive pricing strategies that negatively impact competitors. Through a formal model inspired by Lotka-Volterra differential equations, we aim to capture the intricate interplay between predatory companies (engaging in not sporadic dumping) and their prey counterparts (those impacted by it). The explorative article concentrates on industries where aggressive pricing strategies, such as dumping, play a pivotal role, i.e. in sectors like steel production, airline services, and e-commerce (alongside insights into industry-specific dynamics and competitive landscapes). It adopts a mixed-methods approach based on a critical analysis of both literature and industry evidence, providing a theoretical and operating model complete with a numerical simulation. The application demonstrates that the dynamic interactions between prey and predator result in oscillating cycles, i.e., a delicate equilibrium and associated fluctuations (depending on the characteristics and assumptions related to aggressiveness and resilience of the two species, the estimation of parameters and growth rates, the institutional response – authorities constraints, intervention, protection, etc.) that arise as prey and predators influence each other’s populations in the shared ecosystem (market). The interdisciplinary nature of the issues provides valuable insights for policymakers, businesses managers, and industry stakeholders when navigating difficult competitive landscapes on the edge of (un)fair play and responsibility. Limitations and future directions of research are provided.

Health research mentorship in low-income and middle-income countries: a global qualitative evidence synthesis of data from a crowdsourcing open call and scoping review

IntroductionResearch mentorship is critical for advancing science, but there are few practical strategies for cultivating mentorship in health research resource-limited settings. WHO/TDR Global commissioned a group to develop a practical...

UNDERSTANDING AND ADDRESSING BURNOUT AND COMPASSION FATIGUE IN HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS

Burnout and compassion fatigue are critical issues affecting healthcare professionals, leading to decreased job satisfaction, reduced quality of care, and signif- icant personal consequences. This presentation delves into the complex dynamics of burnout and compassion fatigue, exploring their causes, symptoms, and impact on healthcare providers across various settings. Burnout, characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a diminished sense of personal accomplishment, is a response to prolonged stress and high demands in the workplace. Compassion fatigue, often described as the cost of caring, occurs when healthcare providers experience secondary traumatic stress due to the emotional burden of caring for patients in distress. Together, these conditions can lead to a decline in mental and physical health, increased absenteeism, and higher turnover rates among healthcare professionals. The presentation will provide an overview of the factors contributing to burnout and compassion fatigue, including excessive workloads, lack of support, emotional strain, and the ethical dilemmas often faced in clinical practice. It will also highlight the signs and symptoms of these conditions, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and intervention. Strategies for prevention and management will be a central focus, with a discussion on evidence-based approaches such as mindfulness, resilience training, peer support programs, and organizational changes aimed at creating a more supportive work environment. The role of self-care, work-life balance, and institutional responsibility in mitigating burnout and compassion fatigue will also be examined. By understanding the underlying causes and implementing effective strategies, healthcare organizations can foster a culture of well-being and resilience, ensuring that providers maintain their passion for patient care while safeguarding their own health and well-being. This presentation aims to equip healthcare professionals and administrators with the knowledge and tools needed to address burnout and compassion fatigue, ultimately leading to improved outcomes for both providers and patients.

Community-based ecotourism for sustainability: An evaluative analysis of Binh Son district, Quang Ngai province in Vietnam

Community-based ecotourism (CBE) has been adopted for the preservation and restoration of the ecosystem in the four local communities in Binh Son district of Quang Ngai province in Vietnam. This study investigates the causal links that exist between socioeconomic development, the protection of biodiversity, environment and natural resources, and the institutional responses necessary for successful CBE development. In order to understand the complexities of the CBE model and how the stakeholders engaged in the CBE at local communities, a mix of the Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat (SWOT) analysis and Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework was employed for qualitative and quantitative data analysis using key informant interviews and household surveys. The study findings include important implications for both policy and management for promoting the sustainable growth of ecotourism in the region. Regarding theoretical contribution, various challenges to sustainably developing CBE have been identified while a DPSIR conceptual framework is proposed to assist future research in CBE in this area.

Экологическая ответственность в комплексе эффективности социального управления научным учреждением

In the article the authors prove the relevance of developing environmental responsibility management in the context of social responsibility of scientific institutions in Russia. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that till today the experience and problems of introducing relevant activities in scientific institutions of the Russian Federation have not been properly studied. A complex of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) and specific scientific research methods (comparative analysis, content analysis and in-depth interview) were used in the work. The following results were obtained: it was revealed that in practical activities scientific institutions create a certain burden on the natural environment and their functioning creates specific environmental risks. The authors consider the experience of managing environmental responsibility of 98 scientific institutions in Russia based on website materials. It was established that, on the one hand, most scientific institutions publish materials that in one way or another show a responsible attitude towards environmental problems, including taking into account the real and potential harm caused in the process of research activities. On the other hand, the specific formulation of environmental policy of a scientific institution is still an extremely rare phenomenon. Taking into account the best Russian and international experience, the authors propose the foundations of a systematic approach to establishing environmental responsibility management in Russian scientific institutions, aimed at comprehensively improving the efficiency of social management. In the conclusion it is stated that environmental responsibility, combined with the effectiveness of social management of a scientific institution, is an important aspect of sustainable development and insurance of favorable environment. The introduction of a systematic approach to managing environmental responsibility in scientific institutions allows us to achieve the following results: preservation of the environment; improvement of the scientific institutions’ social image; improvement of the quality and effectiveness of scientific research; improvement of social interaction with the public and the stakeholders.

Corporate Social Responsibility of Bank and Financial Institutions in Nepal

Corporate Social Responsibility of Bank and Financial Institutions in Nepal