Institutional Characteristics Research Articles

Investigation of the factors affecting the curriculum fidelity of teachers working at different types of schools


 
 
 
 
 The purpose of this study is to examine the factors affecting the curriculum fidelity of teachers working in different types of school. In the study, case study design from qualitative research designs was used. The participants of the study werre teachers working in primary, secondary and high school types in publice school affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in rural district in a province located in the Northers Anatolia region of Türkiye in the fall semester of the 2022-2023 academic year. The participants was determined by convenient sampling method. The data of the study were obtained through a semi-structured interview form. The research data were analyzed using the thematic analysis method in accordance with qualitative research and findings were determined. While determining the findings, themes and categories were obtained and direct quotations were included to reflect the teachers' opinions. As a result of the research; It was determined that they expressed the opinion that curriculum characteristics, institutional characteristics, student characteristics, geographical conditions, family structure, social development of students, centralized education system, high-stakes tests, and pre-service and in-service training that teachers receive affect teachers' curriculum fidelity.
 
 
 

Do “Top” Universities the Best in Everything? How the Status and the Size of Russian Universities Correlate to Student Engagement

The characteristics of the university that issued the higher education diploma are an important signal for the employer, indicating the quality of the graduate’s training. However, it remains unknown to what extent top Russian universities really differ in the quality of the educational process from other universities, and do not simply use their ability to admit the most talented and motivated students. This paper attempts to answer this question using student engagement indicators, which are considered worldwide as a valid tool for assessing the quality of higher education. The article aims to examine the relationship between student engagement and two institutional characteristics of universities (a special status and the size of the university) by employing survey data on 16,143 students studying at 401 Russian universities. The results demonstrate that students studying at federal, national research and flagship universities have comparatively lower class engagement and social engagement compared to students from universities without special status. In addition, students at institutions with a size between 1,000 and 3,500 students were the most engaged in class activities and, at the same time, disengaged, while a size of less than 1,000 students was negatively associated with disengagement. The results obtained, on the one hand, require further research into the relationship between institutional characteristics and student engagement. On the other hand, they indicate the need to increase the weight of indicators of the quality of the educational process in universities in government excellence initiatives aimed at identifying leading universities and supporting them, as well as the importance of developing valid indicators of the quality of the educational process that can be used as a criterion in such government competitions.

ANALISIS KELEMBAGAAN SKEMA IZIN PEMANFAATAN HUTAN PERHUTANAN SOSIAL PADA KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG GUNUNG RAKUTAK JAWA BARAT

In developing a sustainable Social Forestry system in Indonesia, it is necessary to strengthen institutional and appropriate administrative management. This research aims to identify the characteristics of the institutional aspects of the Social Forestry Forest Utilization Permits (SFFUP) scheme in Mount Rakutak protection forest area. This research was conducted using criteria and indicator assessment methods that refer to sustainable social forestry institutional management. Data collection was carried out using a closed interview method with SFFUP participants. The results of research on institutional characteristics show that the policy implementation aspect is in the good category, the leadership aspect is in the good category, the institutional management aspect is in the bad category, the group transparency aspect is in the bad category, the aspect of trust towards stakeholders is in the good category, the conflict management aspect is in the fair category and the member development aspect is in the bad category. The results of the overall assessment of institutional aspects show that the implementation of the SFFUP scheme has not paid attention to sustainable governance of institutional aspects. To realize the successful implementation of SFFUP scheme, it is necessary to strengthen institutional aspects based on the 7 criteria and 30 indicators that have been found in this research.

Eğitim Ortamının Seçimi ve Hazırlanmasının Eğitim Süreçlerine Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

The creation of educational environments is related to the qualities such as teacher, administrator, nutrition, food quality as well as the physical conditions of the created educational environments. The temperature, humidity, humidity, air flow, cleaning conditions, safety and all other necessary elements of educational institutions should be adjusted in the most accurate way. It is realized at the rate that students can benefit from the educational environment in the most appropriate way, reach everything they need, express themselves comfortably, think creatively and feel curious about the environment. The fact that educational environments are flexible and reliable areas at a level that will provide an environment for multi-faceted thinking and provide the opportunity to move comfortably ensures that education is used at the desired rate. The fact that educational institutions are built in accordance with all the personal and academic developmental characteristics of students, and planning in accordance with their interests, wishes and needs increases the utilization rate of education. Within this framework, when creating educational environments and spaces, scientific fields such as engineering, architecture, education, child development, psychology should work in cooperation. The first of the elements that should be taken into account when building the structures of all educational institutions that are created in integrity is that plans, projects and designs have been made for the learning and curiosity motives of students. It is extremely important that the plans, projects and designs in question are single-floor or low-floor structures that allow students to move easily, completely or as much as possible prevent the occurrence of dangerous situations. In this context, students' personal development and academic characteristics should also be taken into account. Considering the eager, active and curious structures of students who are willing to learn by doing and living in learning processes based on a holistic educational perspective, the characteristics of educational institutions should include plans, projects and designs aimed at meeting these needs. It should also be remembered that the structures that are not aimed at the interests, wishes and abilities of students and are built by ignoring these features do not fully carry the Decit of being an educational institution. Since such structures built do not really carry the quality of an educational institution, they also constitute a remarkable point in terms of the educational process in terms of having qualities that will significantly disrupt the academic and personal development of students. Key Words: Educational Institutions, Educational Environment, Classrooms, Educational Processes

Structural Characteristics of Urban Agglomerations: A Case of Russia and Europe

This paper focuses on identifying the structural and institutional characteristics in the economic systems of the urban agglomerations in Russia and Europe. The research is based on the comparative analysis that characterize the share of specific sectors in the total labour force. We present and test an approach to conducting a structural analysis of urban agglomerations economy which approach allows comparing data accumulated by statistical services, each of which has its own organizational principles. Our results show that there are quite significant differences in the structural economic and institutional characteristics of European and Russian agglomerations economies. The share of the industrial sector in the economy of Russian settlement systems appears to be significantly higher compared to that in Europe. The exceptions from this case are the Moscow and partly Saint Petersburg agglomerations that yield the economic structures like those observed in Europe. On the contrary, the trajectories and scales of structural changes in the European and Russian agglomerations are almost identical: the share of service industries in the economies is growing, while in the case of Russia these shifts slightly outstrip the transformation rate in Europe. Our findings can be used by the relevant stakeholders, policymakers, and academics for identifying the specificities of the economic structure of various territorial systems at the local level (e.g. municipalities and urban agglomerations) as well as for developing tools and institutional blueprints for successful territorial policies.

Impact of Cultural Globalisation on Indian Youth: Facing the Challenges of Dialectical Identity

Modernization and Cultural Globalization both are processes through which Indian society is changing itself towards adapting modern rational values within the sphere of structural and institutional patterns of behavioral norms. While internalizing the values and norms of cultural globalization, Indian youth are facing the challenges of conflict between tradition and modernity which is somehow responsible for creating the crises of dialectical identity among youth. With the learning of values such as equality, freedom, egalitarian and rational approach towards life, individualism, economic progress, and secular belief, Indian youth still follow the traditional behavioral patterns due to structural (Caste system) and institutional (Family, kinship system) characteristics of society. This conflict generates the dialectical consciousness and identity feeling among youth in Indian Society. The objective of this paper is to analyze those factors and assumptions that are responsible for developing the dialectical identity crises in the personality system of Indian youth.

Data governance for smart cities in China: the case of Shenzhen

Establishing an appropriate system for governing various data is a critical challenge in developing smart cities. In China, with its distinctive institutional characteristics, it is not yet well investigated what kinds of data governance mechanisms are introduced, how data are collected, shared, and used, and how potential risks concerning data security and privacy are addressed. This paper conducts an exploratory study of the case of smart city development in Shenzhen and examines critical opportunities and challenges in data governance. A centralized approach led by the government has been emphasized in data governance, with its focus evolving from addressing the fragmentation of government data to fostering the integration of various kinds of data in society. Open data platforms have been developed through close cooperation between government and technology enterprises. Regulations have been introduced to protect data security and privacy and facilitate the exchange and use of data for innovation. On the other hand, stakeholders are not sufficiently incentivized to provide accurate information. The value of data is not appropriately recognized or measured, discouraging the sharing of data to facilitate the use of data. Citizens are not well-informed about what kinds of data are collected and how these data are used. Institutional mechanisms have not yet been established to ensure that the data collected from citizens are properly handled by the public authorities. It is crucial to encourage citizens’ engagement in data governance to fully implement the people-centered approach to smart city development.

Leadership Practices in Scaling Efforts in Community Colleges

ABSTRACT Leadership in community colleges, and postsecondary institutions more broadly, plays a central role in the sustainability and scaling of promising innovations within institutions. Understanding what leaders do to support the sustainability and scaling of these innovations is crucial for helping leaders develop practices that enable them to support these efforts. Using practice theory as a guiding frame, this study sought to unveil central practices that shape efforts to scale a promising, evidence-based mathematics course within two two-year colleges. We found that executive and mid-level leaders engaged in the intertwined practices of tracking and leveraging, where they attended to institutional culture, practices, and policies, and drew on these institutional features to both constrain and enable efforts to scale. Our study highlights the power of examining practices in the day-to-day work of leaders to illuminate what leaders do to scale or inhibit innovations in their institutions.

Modern models and methods of designing and implementing electronic document management systems

Document circulation is a set of processes related to the collection, processing, transfer and storage of documents in organizations. This is an important component of the activity of any enterprise or institution, regardless of their size or field of activity. Its more modern and effective form is electronic document circulation, which is based on the use of specialized systems for exchanging documents. Electronic document management is not just a transition from paper documents to electronic ones. This is the degree of introduction of technological innovations into every sphere of modern life. Electronic document management has become one of the most essential components of modern corporate culture and information management. Regardless of the field of application, electronic document management systems have a direct impact on the daily activities of each document management entity. Analysis of the latest scientific publications and the use of proprietary electronic document management systems are important in today's world. New scientific research demonstrates innovative approaches and technologies for optimizing and improving document processing processes, for example, the use of artificial intelligence, blockchain technologies and the development of new electronic signature methods, etc. As part of the proposed work, a review of existing models and design methods, as well as implementations of electronic document management systems, was conducted. Analyzing the latest research and publications in the field of electronic document circulation, we can conclude that this direction is quite relevant, because the problem of timely receipt of documents is urgent. The main directions of scientific research concern both improving the efficiency and security of electronic document circulation in general, and solving the problems of its use in specific areas of business. Analyzing proprietary electronic document management systems, such as Microsoft SharePoint ASKOD and Alfresco, it was noted that their developers prefer universal approaches to creating such systems. However, in order to take into account the individual characteristics of various institutions, constructors for creating your own reporting forms are additionally included. It should be noted that the mentioned systems are aimed at application in specific industries or industrial sectors, such as management (for example, ASKOD).

Belonging, endurance, and resistance: Black placemaking theory in primary care

Black-Americans continue to experience pervasive health disparities. Factors contributing to increased disease risk include a general mistrust of biomedical institutions among Black Americans. The purpose of this focus group study was to identify, among Black patients who regularly seek care from a primary provider, salient themes regarding barriers to 1) receiving quality primary care; and 2) adhering to medical recommendations. We examined transcripts of eight focus groups held remotely with 29 Black patients (aged 30–60 years) who had established primary care providers. Using grounded theory and an inductive thematic analysis of the transcripts, we identified three themes (belonging, endurance, and resistance) consistent with Black placemaking theory. Our findings suggest that reducing health disparities for Black Americans will require clinical initiatives that emphasize: 1) attention to social influences on health behavior and to features of medical institutions that mark them as White spaces (belonging); 2) recognition of, as well as sensitivity to, community awareness of the systemic and interpersonal barriers to health and safety that many Black adults endure; and 3) reframing avoidant (resistant) behaviors as protective strategies among Black patients. Examining primary care in this way—through the lens of Black placemaking theory—reveals how culturally meaningful approaches to harnessing the specialized knowledge and resilience that clearly exists among many Black communities can improve health care delivery.

Genesis of Compulsory Licensing Norms in Universal International Legal Instruments

Compulsory licensing in intellectual property presents an institution of restriction of exclusive rights to the results of intellectual activity, which has a fairly long history of formation and development. Compulsory licensing replaced such a «rigid» mechanism for limiting the exclusive rights of the copyright holder as the rules on localization of patented objects, which were applied in the USA and European countries in the 19th — early 20th century. Compulsory licensing at the time of its origin was considered a «soft», «sparing» mechanism for limiting the exclusive rights of the copyright holder, which by the end of the 20th century acquired the features of a complex institution. This institution entails negative consequences, most often in the form of a decrease in foreign financing to an industry that has been subjected to acts of compulsory licensing, changes in the business climate, etc. Examining the genesis of the norms on compulsory licensing in universal international legal acts in the field of intellectual property, one can see that the international community in many acts has consolidated to some extent the institution of limitation of the exclusive right, which is an irrefutable proof of the value of compulsory licensing. The analysis of the institution of compulsory licensing both in Russian law and in a number of foreign countries allows us to come to the conclusion that the «negative concept» of compulsory licensing prevails.

National Center of Physics and Mathematics – a new form of organization of science

The article deals with the problem of activating fundamental scientific activity in the Russian Federation by combining the efforts of various scientific institutes – institutions of the Academy of Sciences, universities, industry and corporate science within the framework of the National Center for Physics and Mathematics (NCPM). The purpose of the article is to identify institutional features and substantiate promising organizational tasks of the NCFM, the main research methods are institutional, normative, comparative analysis. Institutionally, the NCPM will make it possible to get away from the existing division of science along departmental lines and related problems. It is proved that the use of the organizational “CERN model” in the NCPM will be able to attract a wide range of scientists from various Russian and, in the future, foreign organizations, will help the formation of a collaboration for conducting experiments and research at scientific installations of the “megasience” class. This will make it possible to form and work out a national model of the mobility of scientists. The territorial and personnel aspects of the NCFM are considered, measures are proposed to expand the types of activities, to activate the influx of students and postgraduates for subsequent work in scientific and knowledge-intensive industrial organizations, to reflect the peculiarities of the development of the territory of the NCFM location in strategic documents of various levels. Conclusions are drawn about the positive impact of the activities of the NCPM on socio-economic processes; about new opportunities for diversification of the military-industrial complex associated with the development of fundamental science; about accelerating the formation of a system of technological transfer; contributing to the organization of the system of strategic planning and scientific and technical forecasting in the country

Immigrants as natural supporters? Cross‐nation analysis with a multilevel mixed‐effects model

AbstractResearch often finds that immigrants tend to have a different profile from locals regarding confidence in the government. Both the origin's and destination's institutional features can influence immigrants' confidence. Scholars have relied on three major models—the cultural‐persistence model, the performance model, and the dual‐reference model—to explain the possible mechanisms behind this difference. Our research builds on previous studies by expanding the country coverage to explore the heterogeneity in immigrants' confidence. Specifically, we focus on how the level of democracy as an institutional factor is associated with immigrants' confidence. Using integrated datasets from the World Value Survey (WVS, 2017–21) and the European Value Study (EVS, 2017–20) and employing a multilevel model, we confirm that immigrants, on average, tend to have a higher level of confidence in the government. However, their confidence is contingent on institutional performance. In countries with high levels of democracy, the disparity in confidence between immigrants and locals becomes more pronounced. Moreover, the institutional performance in the origin country also influences immigrants' confidence in the government of the destination country. Immigrants constantly compare the institutional performance between the two places. Compared to immigrants from countries with a high level of democracy, immigrants from countries with a lower level of democracy tend to have higher confidence in the destination government. Our results provide support for all three major theoretical models.

Board of directors, COVID-19, and corporate social responsibility monetary performance: direct and interaction effects analysis

Purpose This study aims to provide archival evidence on the impact of board characteristics on corporate social responsibility (CSR) monetary performance and how they interact with the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of CSR monetary performance. Design/methodology/approach This study analyzes listed companies in Oman’s capital market from 2016 to 2021, using pooled ordinary least squares and unique CSR performance measures such as budgeting and spending. Findings The study finds that companies with more expertise and frequent meetings are more likely to allocate a larger budget for CSR activities. However, this does not apply to larger boards or to independent directors. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the effect of independent directors on CSR budgeting and spending is more pronounced, and boards with more expertise and meetings show a negative interaction with the pandemic. The interaction of board characteristics with COVID-19 in terms of CSR monetary performance varies depending on company size. Board independence and expertise show a significant reaction to COVID-19 infection and death cases when setting CSR budgeting and spending. Research limitations/implications The findings of this study are stimulating, but stem from an emerging country with unique cultural and institutional characteristics. Methodological issues were also encountered during the analysis, so readers should exercise caution when applying the results to other settings. Practical implications This study highlights board involvement in deciding a company’s CSR investment, as it was believed that chief executive officers are considered responsible for CSR activities. Additionally, this research underscores the significance of incorporating the financial aspects of CSR into reporting. Originality/value This study examines the seldom explored relationship between corporate boards and CSR monetary aspects during regular and irregular times, offering theoretical and practical insights that benefit multiple stakeholders.

Reimagining mentorship for doctoral student success: the potential utility of transformational leadership practices

ABSTRACT Doctoral student attrition has negative consequences for students, institutions, and society. Unfortunately, doctoral student attrition rates vary widely based on institutional and doctoral student characteristics, ranging from 30–70%. This conceptual article seeks to address the issue of doctoral student attrition through the use of transformational leadership behaviors. First, this paper presents an overview of factors influencing doctoral student success, with an emphasis on mentorship. Second, this paper identifies key characteristics of successful or productive doctoral students. Third, this paper proposes the use of transformational leadership to inform faculty mentorship of doctoral students. Lastly, the four components of transformational leadership will be applied to the key characteristics of doctoral student success or productivity.

Critical values notification: A nationwide survey of practices among clinical laboratories across Nigeria.

Critical value notification (CVN) entails notifying doctors or other laboratory users of aberrant laboratory results that threaten the patient's life and of any values for which reporting delays could negatively impact the patient's health. Critical value notification practices in clinical laboratories in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa are largely unknown. We conducted a nationwide survey to obtain baseline information on CVN practice by Nigeria's laboratories. This cross-sectional study was conducted among purposively selected secondary- and tertiary-tier, public and private clinical laboratories across northern and southern Nigeria between October 2015 and December 2015. Consenting senior laboratory staff completed and returned a structured questionnaire, that gathered data on respondents' demographics, designations, and institutional characteristics and practices regarding CVN. One hundred and thirty-four laboratories responded to the questionnaires. Only 69 (51.5 %) laboratories practised CVN; only 23 (33.3%) had existing written policies guiding the practice. Most (43; 62.3%) laboratories use similar critical values (CVs) for adult and paediatric populations. Most laboratories (27; 39.1%) obtained their CVs by combining published literature and local opinions from stakeholders. Physical dispatch (42; 60.9%) followed by telephone calls (38; 55.1%) were the most common means of notification. Private laboratories, compared with public hospital laboratories, were likelier to have separate paediatric CV lists (p = 0.019) and practise telephone notifications (p < 0.001). Critical value notification practices vary and are often suboptimal in many clinical laboratories in Nigeria, which is exacerbated by the absence of guiding policies and national recommendations for post-analytical procedures. This study provides baseline information on CVN practice by Nigeria's laboratories. The study explores the causes of practice variations that can serve as a foundation for enhancing critical reporting and post-analytical services, particularly in clinical laboratories in sub-Saharan Africa.

A bibliometric study of digital humanities research in China from 2012 to 2021

Introduction. We investigated the main research topics of digital humanities in China from 2012 to 2021, as well as the journals, authors, and institutions that produced the most research in this field. Method. Based on a sample of relevant digital humanities literature from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, we applied bibliometric methods and visualisation tools for a longitudinal examination. Analysis. This study took CNKI as the data source and extracted keywords for an analysis of the research output, intellectual structures, and distribution features of authors and institutions. Results. Digital humanities research in China is strongly associated with library and information science, with eight major reoccurring topics and themes identified. The leading research contributors in China are authors and institutions that are also identified and highlighted. Conclusions. Digital humanities research in China rapidly grew between 2012 and 2021. This study depicts the overall situation and knowledge structure of the research and establishes a benchmark for further theoretical research and practical innovation of digital humanities in China.

Soil and water conservation measures and rainfed agriculture in Telangana, India: Role of community and neighborhood conservation measures

Soil erosion is a significant problem in rain-fed areas in India. This study attempts to evaluate the causal effects of on-farm soil and water conservation (SWC) measures on farm profit and yield. The study uses the inverse-probability-weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) method to assess the causal impact of SWC measures on agriculture output while controlling socioeconomic, institutional, and village-level characteristics. The results suggest a significant difference in overall agricultural profit, crop-wise profit, and crop-wise yields among the adopters and non-adopters of the SWC measures. The study highlights that there is a complementarity between the causal impact of community-level SWC measures and individual SWC measures on agricultural outcomes. Further, the neighbor’s adoption of SWC measures plays a pivotal role on farmer’s agricultural profits. The study highlights that farmer’s profit for rainfed crops such as maize further increases if their adjacent neighbors also undertake SWC measures. Such complementary effects, however, are not observed in case of irrigated crops such as paddy.

The Institutional Features of the Judicial Oversight on the Legitimacy of the "Pre-Judicial" Phase of the Proceedings for Confiscation of Property of Illicit Origin

The legal proceedings for confiscating property of illicit origin represent a novelty in Armenian legal system, and the study of both its comprehensive and individual issues hold significant theoretical and practical importance. Based on international documents, domestic legislation, and jurisprudence, the authors present an analysis of the general characteristic of the confiscation of property of illicit origin, as well as discuss several practical issues in the existing tools for management of the legitimacy of its "pre-trial" stage. Namely, the necessity for proper judicial oversight of acts, including actions and omissions that fall outside the scope of current oversight mechanisms, its implementation peculiarities, including consequences of recorded infringements are highlighted and as a result, the need for legislative regulations of such issues is raised. In the article, the authors present several scientific and practical conclusions, such as the need to establish on a legislative level the scope and conditions for oversight of the legitimacy of the decisions, actions, and omissions of the competent authority in the "pre-judicial" stage of the confiscation of property of illicit origin. As a result, it can be stated that the conclusions presented in the article can serve as an indication for the further development of legal practice and existing regulations.

STRATEGY OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION QUALITY MANAGEMENT THROUGH HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

The article substantiates the importance of quality professional education for modern youth and the country as a whole. It is noted that one of the ways to get a high-quality, affordable and suitable education for their interests and needs is professional (professional) education, which involves students choosing a certain direction or specialization in high school. Professional education allows you to deepen your knowledge of subjects that are interesting and important for the future profession in order to continue studying at a higher level. An analysis of the problems of vocational education that affect its quality is carried out, in particular, the problems of the quality of vocational education at the level of personnel management are highlighted. A systematized sequence of steps in the formation of a personnel development strategy to improve the quality of education, taking into account the characteristics of the educational institution: involvement of interested parties; analysis of needs and problems to determine key directions for improving the quality of professional education; development of an action plan with the establishment of specific goals, deadlines and responsible persons; regular monitoring and performance evaluation; cooperation with other educational institutions, scientific institutions and organizations to exchange experience and gain new knowledge; constant improvement and search for ways to improve the quality of professional education. The methods and tools of human resources management are proposed to improve labor productivity, retain and develop personnel, create a favorable working environment, and achieve the organization's goals. The use of tools to encourage staff to experiment and use innovative teaching methods in the personnel strategy, which will contribute to improving the quality of education and student satisfaction, is substantiated; an example of successful application of personnel management methods is given. It was concluded that ensuring the country's competitiveness on the international market requires high-quality professional education. In order to solve the problem of low quality of professional education at the level of personnel management, the head of an educational institution must be able to develop and implement a personnel development strategy, taking into account the characteristics of a specific educational institution, aimed at improving the quality of education. In the personnel strategy of the educational institution, it is necessary to emphasize the encouragement of personnel to innovate and experiment with new teaching methods, to focus on the development and use of employees' competencies, and to ensure the process of continuous professional development of teachers.