Institution Building Research Articles

Land Reclamation for Rejuvenation of Mula-Mutha River

Rivers play a major role in shaping the development of cities, as many major ones across the world have originated by the banks of rivers. Such river systems have not only been used for irrigation, drainage and supply of potable water but they also possess a close relationship with the social fabric. The Mula-Mutha riverfront in Pune is multi-functional with bulk of its premises being residential, commercial and institutional buildings along with some heritage structures. The rapid urbanization of the city has adversely affected the river with various forms of pollution, becoming a major issue for the city authority. This phenomenon has lead to the detachment of the city from the river. In view of this demographical change, it becomes essential for any city authority to restore such a valuable resource to its lost glory, thereby enhancing its appropriate role in transforming the vacant riverfront to a place of planned development.

ADJUSTMENT OF HOUSES IN KAMPUNG INGGRIS DURING THE PANDEMIC SITUATION

Coronavirus disease has implications for changes to home arrangements. Kampung Inggris is an educational village in Tulungrejo Village and Palem Village, Pare, Kediri, East Java that offers language learning activities. There are at least 60 course institutions that are active during the COVID pandemic. In terms of architecture, the course institution building is a residential house that has been developed into a house for residence and business, showing the use of dual functions. Changes or adjustments to the house are made so as not to limit daily activities in the house with a dual function as a residence with an educational course business function during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to reveal the various changes in business housing that were carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research was conducted using qualitative research methods to describe changes in depth. The variety of changes was analyzed by making a typology of the types of changes that occurred. The results showed that the most common changes found were the changes in space elements. They are, firstly, interior-element changes by dividing the space using semi-fixed elements made of wood planks for restroom needs. The second is outdoor-element changes by adding furniture for other business activities and study rooms in the form of chairs and tables.

Pushing Boundaries: The European Universities Initiative as a Case of Transnational Institution Building

Pushing Boundaries: The European Universities Initiative as a Case of Transnational Institution Building

Modelling Framework for Reducing Energy Loads to Achieve Net-Zero Energy Building in Semi-Arid Climate: A Case Study

Buildings consume a significant 40% of global energy, where, reducing the building energy consumption to a minimum, virtually zero, has become a thriving research area. Accordingly, this research aimed to determine and portray the huge potential of energy conservation in existing structures by making a retrofit at relatively low costs in finance strained economies. A walk-through of the survey of energy consuming appliances determined the energy consumption based on the power rating; the appliances were then virtually replaced and the reduced energy consumption was determined in terms of the cooling loads. Modelling these intervention using the hourly analysis program (HAP) showed significantly positive results. The pre- and post-retrofit model analysis of an institutional building in Pakistan exhibited significant potential for reducing the cooling load of 767 kW (218 TON) to 408 kW (116 TON) with an investment payback period of 2.5 years. The additional benefit is the reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions which reduce the overall energy requirements. The study continues with the design of a solar energy source using the system advisor model (SAM) for the reduced energy demand of a retrofitted building. It is then concluded that using the available area, a solar energy source with a capital payback period of 5.7 years would bring an institutional building within its own energy footprint making it a net-zero building, since it will not be consuming energy from any other source outside of its own covered area. The study has the limitation to exposure and climate related conditions. In addition, the decline in heating and cooling loads represents model values which may vary when calculated after an actual retrofit for the same structure due to any site related issues.

Institutional Capacity Development of Village Owned Enterprises In Sarjo Village, Sarjo District

Through employment and community and village business empowerment, village-owned enterprises have a role and contribution to the economy. The main problems faced are not only capital, marketing, labor, technology, and market problems; what is more important is institutional capacity in human resource development. This study examines the institutional capacity development of village-owned enterprises in Sarjo Village, Sarjo District, Pasangkayu District. This research is descriptive-explorative in nature and uses an inductive qualitative method. The research strategy is a case study. This research focuses on institutional capacity, stages of institutional capacity building, and levels of institutional capacity development. The research location was a village-owned enterprise in Sarjo Village, Sarjo District, Pasang Kayu District, and informants were selected based on their role in developing the institutional capacity of the two elements. Observations, interviews, and collection of relevant documents were used to collect data. Data analysis uses interactive models and performs step-by-step analysis using linear and hierarchical techniques. The institutional capacity of Village Owned Enterprises is not yet optimal. This is evident from the capacity to use its resources is still limited. Stages Implementation of institutional capacity building has been carried out, but is still limited in the scope of each stage, in addition to limited knowledge in running its business. Meanwhile, the institutional capacity building carried out by the government in Sarjo Village, Sarjo Subdistrict, Install Timber District, has not had any follow-up stages in the form of technical guidance and business assistance stages. Institutional capacity development carried out by Village-Owned Enterprises is still limited, both at the personnel level, organizational level development and system (rule) level development. Based on the description above, it shows weak entrepreneurial skills, such as enthusiasm, attitude, action, and knowledge. Studies show that networking is a business characteristic of Sarjo Village, Sarjo District, Pasang Kayu District, which is very important for the existence, survival and sustainability of the business.

Management of innovative processes in economic recovery: international experience

Management of innovation processes is a key issue in the analysis of alternative models of economic recovery. The purpose of this study is to analyze potential scenarios of economic recovery considering international innovative models of post-war reconstruction and to propose an alternative regulatory environment that could stimulate financial markets and adopt strategies to encourage entrepreneurial innovation. The research is based on the use of general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, abstraction, explanation, and generalization. The evolution of innovative activity due to the main consequences of crises and military operations is studied. The foreign experience of stimulating innovative development was studied based on the analysis of models of innovative development of the economies of advanced countries. The Chilean innovative development model and its attractiveness for Ukraine are analyzed. The main aspects of the recovery programs of the Balkan countries, etc. are substantiated. The process of harmonization of tax and financial legislation in accordance with the requirements of integration into the European Union is substantiated. An algorithm of state influence on innovation processes in Ukraine is proposed. Special attention is paid to the justification of the Ukrainian path of reconstruction, considering international experience. From Bosnia and Herzegovina – the importance of coordination, communication, strategy, and institution building, from Korea and Japan – the fight against corruption and balanced economic decisions. From the Marshall Plan – timeliness, the need for worldwide irrevocable aid and the development of interstate cooperation. It was determined that highly developed countries can become an example for imitation, namely their models of economic recovery based on the activation of innovative processes. At the same time, the management of the economic activity of enterprises in the conditions of economic recovery based on innovative processes is currently still in the formative stage. Keywords: innovative processes, economic recovery, modernization, international experience, innovative development.

Evolution of an Independent Research Institution: A Reflective Analysis

This article examines the idea of institutions and the elements of the process of institutionalisation, using the features of and experiences in an independent research organisation, which was established in 1998, in India. The author, using her experience of heading this organisation for nearly 13 years, and drawing from the Scott’s three pillar approach, reflects on the aspects of why and how an organisation becomes an institution, and what the joys and challenges of leading the process of institution building are. She argues that institution-building is a continuous process where Scott’s three pillars support each other, and change over time and space. The real test of an organisation in becoming an institution is in the capacity to respond to the emergent needs both inside the organisation, and to the external environment, while managing to work as per the vision and perceived mandate, maintain order and stability, within given resources and legal frameworks that guide the functioning of the organisation. Using her own experiences, she identifies plurality as the most important principle that helped in the process of institutionalisation in this case.

Digitization of public authorities: Global experience

The research focuses on the study of digitization processes at the Ukrainian and international level as an innovation in public management, as well as on the prospects for its implementation in the processes of state formation and communication with civil society. It was concluded that digitization of public authorities should be harmonized with generally recognized international standards, developed and adopted in the context of national characteristics and traditions. Based on the assessment of global trends in the development of digital technologies and the study of international experience, the key areas of activity of public authorities in Ukraine were determined, which can be taken as a basis by other developing countries, with special emphasis on: decentralization, simplification, deregulation, institutional capacity building and communication support.

A 3D INDOOR-OUTDOOR BENCHMARK DATASET FOR LoD3 BUILDING POINT CLOUD SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION

Abstract. Deep learning (DL) algorithms require high quality training samples as well as accurate and thorough annotations to work effectively. Up until now a limited number of datasets are available to train DL techniques for semantic segmentation of 3D building point clouds, except a few ones focusing on specific categories of constructions (e.g., cultural heritage buildings). This paper presents a new 3D Indoor/Outdoor building dataset (BIO dataset), which is aimed to provide a highly accurate, detailed, and comprehensive dataset to be used for applications related to sematic classification of buildings based on point clouds and meshes. This benchmark dataset contains 100 building models generated from existing polygonal models and belonging to different categories. These include commercial buildings, residential houses, industrial and institutional buildings. Structural elements of buildings are annotated into 11 semantic categories, following standards from IFC and CityGML. To verify the applicability of the BIO dataset for the semantic segmentation task, it has been successfully tested by using one machine learning technique and four different DL algorithms.

India–Zimbabwe Relations: Recalibrating the Failing Engagement

The India–Zimbabwe relations are rampant with obdurate omissions, commissions, misinformation, and proper attention, hence dismally productive. This investigation pins down the dismal relations to Zimbabwe’s economic quagmire, the inseparable China–Zimbabwe relations, Zimbabwe’s diplomatic isolation and the effects of sanctions enacted by the US and other Western countries. With both primary and secondary sources, an interpretive approach is used to generate and analyse data. The study outlines prospects that can recalibrate India–Zimbabwe relations, especially in the new dispensation era of Zimbabwe after Mugabe. The possibilities include leveraging the available business opportunities, energy and mineral resources, security, regional cooperation and conflict management, knowledge exchange, institutional building, and social cohesion.

ГНУЧКА АРХІТЕКТУРА СУЧАСНИХ ЛІКУВАЛЬНО-ПРОФІЛАКТИЧНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ

The article is devoted to the study of architecture, design of the internal environment, features of the design and modernization of medical and preventive facilities, the possibility of their adaptation to modern needs due to the rapid development of medicine by means of providing premises with such criteria as the flexibility of the environment, its high adaptability to rapid changes and new requests. Medical institutions are humanitarian institutions obliged to provide maximum care for people, and at the same time high-tech "production enterprises". That is why they are among the complex types of institutions from the point of view of architectural design, since they must not only carry out diagnostics, provide medical assistance, provide a wide range of medical services, solve administrative and economic tasks, satisfy socio-cultural needs, meet various standards and requirements, but also to create comfortable conditions, primarily for patients. Examples of world experience in which architects and designers, when forming the architecture and spatial environment of buildings of medical institutions, focus directly on the patient and staff are given. Creating a comfortable environment for a patient's 24-hour stay is an important part of a successful treatment process. Based on the analyzed world experience in the design of treatment and preventive facilities, a number of factors are given that affect the comfortable stay of patients and their faster recovery and increase the efficiency of the staff: the ability of the patient to navigate in the medical institution; seclusion (separate ward); aesthetics in the design of the medical environment; noise reduction; the correct choice of colors; application of advanced medical technologies and their constant innovation; availability of recreational areas and landscaping; sufficient lighting; availability of free space; digital integration.

Can a legal game meat trade in Tanzania lead to reduced poaching? Perceptions of stakeholders in the wildlife industry

This paper evaluates stakeholders' perceptions about authorisation of the game meat trade as a solution to poaching in Tanzania. It respectively uses a variant of “Likert’s method of summated ratings” and the “cumulative ordinal regression model” to analyse and compare the opinions of government officials and non-state stakeholders about the performance of the recent regulatory framework governing game meat trade in the country. The results support the assertion that the authorisation of the game meat trade can be one of the boldest conservation tools to mitigate poaching if well-planned and regulated. The results of cumulative ordinal regression model suggest that a unit improvement in the procedures for the application and registration of game meat selling facilities is likely to improve the performance of the regulatory framework in the country by about 42%. This result was statistically significant at a p-value of 0.010, which corresponds to a99% confidence level. We recommend leveraging stakeholders' active engagement and strengthening cooperation between game meat value chain actors and law-enforcement authorities. An innovative participatory model for enforcing game meat sanitary and safety regulations is also recommended to avoid potential health risks to consumers. We underscore the importance of institutional capacity building, awareness creation, and adequate funding in the fight against poaching and bushmeat trade.

TIPOLOGI INTERREGIONALISME UNI EROPA DALAM MERESPONS PENULARAN PANDEMI COVID-19 DI EROPA

Globalization of the Covid-19 pandemic has caused a very rapid contagion effect between regions around the world and has created a multidimensional crisis in European Union countries, so an interregionalism approach is needed. This study aims to analyze the typology of European Union interregionalism in response to the contagion of Covid-19 pandemic in Europe. By using analytical descriptive methods combined with Mathew Doidge’s theory of interregionalism, Heiner Hänggi’s typological concepts of interregionalism, and data analysis techniques using Miles and Huberman’s models, this study found that European Union adheres to three types of interregionalism, namely group-to-group interregionalism, biregional-transregional interregionalism, and hybrid interregionalism. Group-to-group interregionalism is carried out by building dialogues and partnership cooperations between regions related to economic recovery and capacity building to strengthen the governance of Covid-19 pandemic with ASEAN, African Union, and Mercosur. Meanwhile, biregional-transregional interregionalism is carried out by building dialogues and partnership cooperations between regions related to capacity building to strengthen the governance of the Covid-19 pandemic with ASEM countries. Finally, hybrid interregionalism is carried out by building dialogues and bilateral partnership cooperations related to economic recovery and global health with the United States, China, Japan, Turkey, and Canada. European Union interregionalism in response to contagion effect of Covid-19 pandemic functions as a means of power balancing, collective identity formation, agenda setting, institution building, and rationalizing.

Flexible Institution Building in the International Anti-corruption Regime: Proposing a Transnational Asset Recovery Mechanism

AbstractAsset recovery is a fundamental principle of anti-corruption law, without which the financial damage from corruption cannot be repaired. Yet recovering assets is notoriously difficult and time-consuming, and the United Nations Convention Against Corruption provides little technical or institutional support to facilitate such returns. To remedy this, we propose the creation of a transnational asset recovery mechanism that could provide myriad services to states upon request, including gathering and publishing information, providing technical assistance and capacity building, helping to conclude agreements on asset return, and monitoring returned funds. Theoretically, we introduce the concepts of customizability and selectability to explain why a flexible transnational asset recovery mechanism has advantages over more formal international institutions, such as an international anti-corruption court. These benefits include lower financial and political costs, enhanced adaptability, and a greater likelihood of enhancing interstate cooperation regarding asset returns.

Financial Aspects of Education Development in the Region During the First Five-Year Plan (on the Example of the Votsk Autonomous Region)

Introduction. The subject of the study is the issue of financing education during the first five-year plan. The practical needs of the Votsk Autonomous Region predetermined the specifics of financing and an integrated approach to solving the problems of literacy elimination, implementation of preschool, primary, seven-year and vocational education, as well as the maintenance and building of educational institutions. Materials and Methods. The research is based on unpublished documents from the funds of the regional and city archives. The article used a combination of general scientific and special historical methods. Results. During the implementation of the first five-year plan, funds from the local budget were allocated for the development of primary education, which also practically provided for the maintenance and construction of educational institutions, the supply of educational and economic needs, and the payment of wages. Expenses for advanced education and institutions for the elimination of illiteracy were mainly planned at the expense of the state budget. Discussion and Conclusion. The shortage of educational institutions created difficulties in solving the tasks of raising the cultural level of the population, training industrial personnel. The financial deficit of the local budget was covered by state budget, primarily in the field of vocational education, which made it possible to more effectively solve the issues of construction and maintenance of educational institutions.

Analisis Waktu Dan Biaya Pekerjaan Pembangunan Kontruksi Gedung Lembaga Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan Tahap II Sulawesi Selatan

Estimated Time and Cost of Realizing the Construction Work of the Education Quality Assurance Institute (LPMP) Phase II South Sulawesi. The purpose of this study is to find out all the estimated time and cost of realizing the construction work of the Education Quality Assurance Institution (LPMP) building phase II, South Sulawesi, where this research uses the S curve method with the aim of obtaining credible and valid data from the time schedule. The data collection method is carried out using the RAB method in construction, observation, and documentation projects and the results obtained are processed based on the time schedule made with the estimated time and cost realization design. The results obtained by using the estimated time schedule and realization costs, there is a 6 day time difference between planning and realization time, while the cost difference is Rp.1,506.414.776.12. from the planning budget Rp.42,492,268,405.01

ANALYSIS OF TAX ASSESSMENT BY ASSEMBLY AND PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES IN FRAGMENTED URBAN LANDS – GWANGJIN DISTRICT, SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA

Due to the land readjustment project in Gwangjin District, Seoul, Korea, in the 1970s, Gwangjin was characterized as a single-family residential area for individual households. Over the following 40 years, the land-use situation changed dramatically, and ironically, there is now a too-fragmented residential area and very insufficient commercial areas. We employed a balanced panel data analysis. The data for this study were 24,177 parcel tax assessments and land assembly, split, zoning change, and property development activities over nine years from 2011 to 2019. We found that de facto land assembly would affect the tax assessment by delaying it a year more than it is when the development is approved, while formal land assembly did not. Development activity itself increased the assessment for that year only. Finally, formal land assembly in the commercial zone increased the assessment only for the following year, while property development in the residential zone increased the assessment for that year only. We recommend that the government provide land-assemblyfriendly policy incentives to allow for much larger property developments in both residential and commercial zones. The research on land and property development activities’ impact on tax assessment can provide a reasonable basis for the government’s tax assessment institution building.

LEARNING LANDSCAPE AS A STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL COMPONENT OF FORMATION OF THE ARCHITECTURE OF NONFORMAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The article analyzes views on the formation of the concepts of "educational environment" and "learning landscape" from the perspective of pedagogical science and from the perspective of architectural theory. The author's considerations regarding the interdisciplinary connection of these concepts are presented. The article presents also individual results of the author's research on the development of the architecture of non-formal education institutions (hereafter NFEI). The learning landscape (external space of the educational institution) was analyzed as a material structural and functional component to which the following processes correspond: a group of processes of communication and education (inner courtyards, atriums, squares in front of the main entrance, training grounds, experimental sites, operated roofs, etc.); recreational processes in this context is an important addition to the full functioning of the institution as an organism; the processes that provide the economic zone, parking and external communication space of the institution are essentially those that serve and are mandatory for the reproduction of other groups of processes. Of course, these processes and the architectural and landscape elements linked to them were analyzed complexly. The analysis of these processes should be carried out in accordance with the specific conditions of the location of the NFEI, taking into account external and internal factors of influence, local traditions, history and opinion of the community, and the main decisions regarding the formation of structural and functional models of such institutions should be taken already at the stage of development concepts formation. As an illustration of an architectural object that is harmoniously combined with its external space, the Community Centre Kastelli (Oulu, Finland) was given. Currently, it is rather difficult to give an unequivocal definition of the concept of "learning landscape", since there is a significant difference in the interpretation of this phenomenon in the pedagogical field and in the concept of landscape that is familiar to architects. Therefore, from the point of view of the architectural theory, namely in matters of formation of the architecture of new-type educational institutions (for example, NFEI), the following interpretation is proposed: "learning landscape" is a logical and consistent structural and functional component of an educational institution, as an object of architecture, which should be designed with the ability to dynamically develop in close connection with the architecture of the educational institution building and takes into account modern and predictive educational scenarios. At the same time, the "educational landscape" in the sense presented above is a necessary link of the subsystem of education, which expresses its educational and material component, is accessible to all segments of the population and must be meaningfully and objectively organized. In the structure of the conceptual apparatus of the socio-pedagogical phenomenon of the "educational environment" ("educational space", learning landscape), the architectural "learning landscape" is hierarchically subordinated to the latest and prognostic educational scenarios (the influence of external factors) and is a regular and dynamic structural and functional component of the conceptual, and further, the material manifestation of the formation of the educational institution's architecture.

Four buildings and a flush: Lessons from degraded water quality and recommendations on building water management

A reduction in building occupancy can lead to stagnant water in plumbing, and the potential consequences for water quality have gained increasing attention. To investigate this, a study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on water quality in four institutional buildings. Two of these buildings were old (>58 years) and large (>19,000 m2), while the other two were new (>13 years) and small (<11,000 m2). The study revealed significant decreases in water usage in the small buildings, whereas usage remained unchanged in the large buildings. Initial analysis found that residual chlorine was rarely detectable in cold/drinking water samples. Furthermore, the pH, dissolved oxygen, total organic carbon, and total cell count levels in the first draw of cold water samples were similar across all buildings. However, the ranges of heavy metal concentrations in large buildings were greater than observed in small buildings. Copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and manganese (Mn) sporadically exceeded drinking water limits at cold water fixtures, with maximum concentrations of 2.7 mg Cu L−1, 45.4 μg Pb L−1, 1.9 mg Mn L−1. Flushing the plumbing for 5 min resulted in detectable residual at fixtures in three buildings, but even after 125 min of flushing in largest and oldest building, no residual chlorine was detected at the fixture closest to the building's point of entry. During the pandemic, the building owner conducted fixture flushing, where one to a few fixtures were operated per visit in buildings with hundreds of fixtures and multiple floors. However, further research is needed to understand the fundamental processes that control faucet water quality from the service line to the faucet. In the absence of this knowledge, building owners should create and use as-built drawings to develop flushing plans and conduct periodic water testing.

Взаимодействие градостроительной деятельности в развитии дошкольного образования

The article provides information about previously conducted studies of general educational organizations. Based on this experience, the article examines the positive effects of architectural principles of designing pre-school educational institutions on the development of rural settlements. Implementation of new projects aimed at improving the quality of the living environment of the younger generation. One of the most important qualities of architecture for children is its adaptability and the possibility of space transformation during the life cycle of a children's institution building. The principles of sustainable architecture in digital projects of preschool educational institutions are described, which are the basis for space-planning solutions that combine aspects of energy conservation, environmental safety, organization of a comfortable living environment and provide guarantees of high-quality realization of the needs of future generations. The article shows how seven components of industrial activity are implemented in urban development: territorial planning; urban zoning; territory planning; architectural and construction design; construction; capital repairs; reconstruction of capital construction facilities. These elements of industrial activity are proposed to describe the conditions for improving the quality of the living environment in preschool educational institutions. They include such parameters as children's health, social qualities and improvement of preschool facilities for elementary school students.