Agricultural Innovation Research Articles

Awareness and perception on the use of smartphone applications for crop protection among undergraduate students in Southwestern Nigeria

Mobile applications in crop protection especially for speedy pest diagnosis, monitoring, and management are increasingly gaining global attention and support. An understanding of the awareness and perception of the youths, particularly students in tertiary institutions (who are heavy users of smartphones), on the use of smartphone applications for crop protection, is crucial for sharpening their orientations towards embracing the digital ecosystem in agriculture. The imperativeness is evident in the ongoing government drive towards promoting students’ engagement in digital agriculture as accommodated in the National Agricultural Technology and Innovation Policy (2022–2027). Consequently, this study investigated awareness and perception of mobile phone applications among crop and agricultural extension-related final-year students in selected Universities in Southwest Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used in selecting 407 students. Data were obtained with the aid of questionnaires. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages, mean and standard deviation using SPSS software. Findings show that very few (less than 8%) of the respondents were aware of the usage of specific smart/android phone applications for pest identification, disease diagnosis, and weather forecasting. Less than 4% ever used smart/android phones for pest identification, crop protection, and information sourcing on disease diagnosis and management. However, their perception of the need for pest and disease diagnosis as a foundation step to enhance crop protection (4.65 points on a scale of 5), and readiness to use android/smartphone applications for this purpose (MS = 4.45) was positive. There are enormous implications for increased awareness and knowledge sharing on the use of android/smartphone applications for crop protection and other interventions to promote digital agriculture among students in Nigeria.

Innovation platforms in practice: a conceptual framework

ABSTRACT The agricultural innovation systems (AIS) approach holds promise for researchers seeking to gain deeper understanding of how actors, norms, and knowledge interact and drive improvements in the agricultural sector in developing countries. However, use of the AIS framework in empirical research is limited and conceptual and operational frameworks are needed. In this paper we have created a conceptual framework for how innovation platforms (IPs), a unique type of multistakeholder meetings, contribute to the AIS approach by fostering innovation, networking, and performance. The conceptual framework is then applied to a case study of the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Livestock Systems (LSIL). Findings from the case study analysis showed the meetings fostered innovative thinking, strengthened networks, and shared knowledge among actors. While the generalisability of the case is limited, the study demonstrates how future research could use the conceptual framework for advancing knowledge around AIS and IP meetings.

Empowering farmer community with technology modernisation to improve rice farming performance through demonstration farms in East Java, Indonesia

Purpose Rice is a strategic commodity and staple food; thus, rice productivity should grow faster than the population. A public agricultural agency launched technology modernisation to improve rice farm performance. This study aims to assess the impact of technology modernisation on rice farming performance and evaluate farmer acceptance of such technology. Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted in 2023-2024, based on selected demonstration farms (demfarm) carried out during 2021-2022 in East Java, Indonesia, one of the rice bowls. Microeconomic theory of production and the double-differences approach were used as fundamental analyses. Farmers were purposively selected to participate in the demfarm. For comparison, farmers with existing technology adjacent to the demfarm were chosen accordingly. Rice production is considered an economic performance indicator, and factors related to socio-demographic and technical aspects were conceptualised using innovation and diffusion theory. Findings The results of demfarm were apparent. Technology modernisation improved rice farming’s economic performance. Farmer acceptance of such technology was relatively high at the first stage. There was no conflict between technology and local culture and norms. The technological package will likely be disseminated to farmers after adequate socialisation. Research limitations/implications This study engaged farmer innovators and early adopters in the demonstration farm. This needs more actions from farmers who are not categorised as innovators and early adopters, which dominate the farmer population. Practical implications Extension officials need field guidance to ensure continual technology adoption because of technology complexity. Originality/value The originality of the study is based on a field experiment and direct observation throughout a crop cycle, and the analysis is established using a solid theory and analytical framework.

Sensing and Perception in Robotic Weeding: Innovations and Limitations for Digital Agriculture

The challenges and drawbacks of manual weeding and herbicide usage, such as inefficiency, high costs, time-consuming tasks, and environmental pollution, have led to a shift in the agricultural industry toward digital agriculture. The utilization of advanced robotic technologies in the process of weeding serves as prominent and symbolic proof of innovations under the umbrella of digital agriculture. Typically, robotic weeding consists of three primary phases: sensing, thinking, and acting. Among these stages, sensing has considerable significance, which has resulted in the development of sophisticated sensing technology. The present study specifically examines a variety of image-based sensing systems, such as RGB, NIR, spectral, and thermal cameras. Furthermore, it discusses non-imaging systems, including lasers, seed mapping, LIDAR, ToF, and ultrasonic systems. Regarding the benefits, we can highlight the reduced expenses and zero water and soil pollution. As for the obstacles, we can point out the significant initial investment, limited precision, unfavorable environmental circumstances, as well as the scarcity of professionals and subject knowledge. This study intends to address the advantages and challenges associated with each of these sensing technologies. Moreover, the technical remarks and solutions explored in this investigation provide a straightforward framework for future studies by both scholars and administrators in the context of robotic weeding.

An Evaluation Scheme Driven by Science and Technological Innovation—A Study on the Coupling and Coordination of the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation-Economy-Ecology Complex System in the Yangtze River Basin of China

This study focuses on 19 provinces in the Yangtze River Basin of China. It gathers relevant data indicators from 2010 to 2021 and constructs an evaluation index system centered on agricultural science and technology innovation. The study evaluates the relationship between agricultural “science and technology innovation-economy-ecology” systems and identifies key obstacle factors using the obstacle degree model. The study draws the following conclusions: Firstly, the comprehensive development level index of the agricultural science and technology innovation system shows an overall linear upward trend (values range from 0.121 to 0.382). Secondly, the comprehensive development level index of the agricultural economic system exhibits an upward trend but with a relatively small overall magnitude (values range from 0.248 to 0.322). Thirdly, the comprehensive development level index of the agricultural ecological system demonstrates significant overall fluctuations, with notable regional disparities (values range from 0.384 to 0.414). Fourthly, the overall agricultural SEE (Science and technological innovation, Economy, Ecology) complex system exhibits a characteristic of “high coupling, low coordination”, identifying the main obstacle factors influencing agricultural SEECS based on a formulated approach. Subsequently, the following policy recommendations are proposed: Firstly, enhance the agricultural technological innovation system and promote green and efficient agricultural technology research and development. Secondly, to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of modern agriculture, achieving green and high-quality development of the agricultural economy. Thirdly, to strengthen agricultural ecological environment protection, laying a solid foundation for the healthy and sustainable development of agriculture.

Genetic Variation, Polyploidy, Hybridization Influencing the Aroma Profiles of Rosaceae Family.

The fragrance and aroma of Rosaceae plants are complex traits influenced by a multitude of factors, with genetic variation standing out as a key determinant which is largely impacted by polyploidy. Polyploidy serves as a crucial evolutionary mechanism in plants, significantly boosting genetic diversity and fostering speciation. This review focuses on the Rosaceae family, emphasizing how polyploidy influences the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are essential for the aromatic characteristics of economically important fruits like strawberries, apples, and cherries. The review delves into the biochemical pathways responsible for VOC biosynthesis, particularly highlighting the roles of terpenoids, esters alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, phenolics, hydrocarbons, alongside the genetic mechanisms that regulate these pathways. Key enzymes, such as terpene synthases and alcohol acyltransferases, are central to this process. This review further explores how polyploidy and hybridization can lead to the development of novel metabolic pathways, contributing to greater phenotypic diversity and complexity in fruit aromas. It underscores the importance of gene dosage effects, isoenzyme diversity, and regulatory elements in determining VOC profiles. These findings provide valuable insights for breeding strategies aimed at improving fruit quality and aligning with consumer preferences. Present review not only elucidates the complex interplay between genomic evolution and fruit aroma but also offers a framework for future investigations in plant biology and agricultural innovation.

Data-driven Smart Farming to Grade and Classify Tomatoes using CNN and FFNN for Agricultural Innovation

Identifying images poses a challenge in computer vision, but the use of deep learning methods has greatly enhanced the performance of image classification systems. In this research, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Feed Forward Neural Networks (FFNN) have been utilized for image classification. CNN is extremely effective in picture classification, which extracts relevant information from images using convolutional and pooling layers to minimize the dimensionality of the derived features, while FFNN algorithm is a classic neural network with fully linked layers. It can be used to further process the features extracted by CNN. The study makes use of CNN and FFNN models to train a huge dataset of tomato images to categorize them based on their type, ripeness, and damage status. CNN is found to be more effective in the case of tomato classification as compared to FFNN algorithm in all the use cases. The accuracy for classification of an image (tomato or not) using CNN is 95.83%, type classification using CNN is 81.52%, whereas using FFNN is 66.30%; ripeness grading for CNN is 92.86%, whereas for FFNN it is 57.14%; and damage status grading is 92.86% using CNN and 67.86% using FFNN. Therefore, it can be concluded that quality processing of tomatoes can be improved using CNN.

Understanding Ethiopia’s maize innovation system: Application of integrated innovation system and sustainability transition perspectives

Agricultural innovation is a top priority on the global sustainable development agenda to solve food insecurity, land degradation, climate-change issues, poverty, and unemployment. This paper aims to identify systemic problems and socio-technical transition factors that hinder the development, dissemination, and utilization of improved maize varieties in Ethiopia. Primary data were gathered through structured and semi-structured interview schedules, and then analyzed thematically. Results show that systemic failures such as the absence of key actors, institutional problems, lack of interaction between actors, and inadequate infrastructure are the major hindrances to the systems functioning. Three functions, including entrepreneurship, knowledge development, and creating legitimacy, were found to be weaker than others in the case of improved maize varieties released by Pioneer Hi-Bred Seeds Ethiopia Plc. However, these functions were stronger in the case of improved maize seed varieties released by public research centres. Knowledge dissemination and resource mobilization were the stronger functions of Pioneer Hi-Bred Seeds Ethiopia Plc., which were found to be weak in the public research centres. The result also shows that policies and governance affected the sustainable development of improved maize varieties released by Pioneer Hi-Bred Seeds Ethiopia Plc. Promoting knowledge development and resource mobilization within networks of policymakers, the public sector, and local and foreign private sectors, and a regulation on breeders’ rights to encourage the involvement of private companies in the sector are recommended to enable the innovation system to function sustainably.

THE REALITY OF DATE PRODUCTION IN ALGERIA AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH NATIONAL INCOME: AN ECONOMETRIC STUDY USING THE AUTOREGRESSIVE DISTRIBUTED LAG (ARDL) MODEL DURING THE PERIOD 2000-2019

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the evolution of date production in Algeria and its impact on the country's national income (GDP) from 2000 to 2019. This research aims to analyze the short-term and long-term relationships between date production and national income, assessing the significance of agricultural policies in enhancing the productivity and economic contribution of the date sector. Ultimately, the study seeks to highlight the role of date production in diversifying Algeria's exports and contributing to sustainable economic growth. Theoretical Framework: This study explores the relationship between date production and national income in Algeria, using agricultural productivity theory, endogenous growth theory, export diversification theory, and the ARDL model. It aims to understand the impact of agricultural policies, human capital investment, and export diversification on Algeria's date production, highlighting the potential for economic diversification. Method: This study analyzes the relationship between date production and Algeria's GDP from 2000 to 2019, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. Data sources include Algeria's GDP and date production data. The study uses unit root tests, bounds testing, and error correction models to estimate the relationship. Statistical software like EViews or R is used for analysis. Results and Discussion: The study reveals a positive relationship between date production and national income in Algeria from 2000 to 2019. The data suggests that agricultural policies have led to an upward trajectory in date production, while GDP has grown significantly. The study also highlights the importance of date production in Algeria's economy, particularly in diversifying exports. The long-term relationship suggests sustained investment in date production will yield continued benefits for national income. Research Implications: The study highlights the importance of supporting agricultural policies that enhance productivity in Algeria's date sector. It suggests broader export diversification strategies, infrastructure development, and economic development. Strengthening date production can create job opportunities, stimulate rural development, and contribute to food security. Future research should explore other agricultural products, climate change, and technological innovations to improve yields and sustainability in the sector. Originality/Value: The study explores Algeria's date production and national income relationship, providing insights for policymakers to diversify the economy beyond hydrocarbons and foster sustainable growth.

The LTAR Common Experiment: Facilitating improved agricultural sustainability through coordinated cross-site research.

Long-term research is essential for guiding the development of agroecosystems to meet escalating production demands in a manner that is environmentally sound and socially acceptable. Research must integrate biophysical and socioeconomic factors to provide geographically scalable knowledge that involves stakeholders across the research-education-extension-policy spectrum. In response to this need, the Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network developed a "Common Experiment," which seeks to develop and disseminate multi-region, science-based information to enable implementation of visionary agricultural innovations while simultaneously promoting food security, well-being, environmental quality, and climate adaptation and mitigation. The core design of the Common Experiment contrasts prevailing and alternative/aspirational production systems, with the latter including novel innovations hypothesized to advance sustainable intensification in locally appropriate ways. Treatments in the Common Experiment represent a diversity of production systems under cropland, grazing land, and integrated crop/grazing land management. Where possible, treatments are evaluated at multiple spatial scales (e.g., from plot to enterprise) and are designed to evolve over the course of the experiment with stakeholder input. A common assessment framework guides data collection for the experiment and is complemented by metric-specific protocols and an emerging data management infrastructure. Currently, there are large differences among sites in the application of the experimental framework and degree of stakeholder engagement; differences largely grounded in pragmatic issues related to land access, site expertise, and resource availability. The full potential of the LTAR Common Experiment may be realized with strategic investments in network capacity.

Cultivating Tomorrow: A Comprehensive Review of Agricultural Innovations in the Philippines (2018–2023)

Cultivating Tomorrow: A Comprehensive Review of Agricultural Innovations in the Philippines (2018–2023)

Animal breeding and feeding tools may close human nutrition gaps

The last century has witnessed many innovations in agriculture and food technologies that have ensured the production of sufficient quantities of good hygienic food. Animal scientists have contributed substantially to efficient breeding and feeding practices by adapting animals for faster growth and improving feed efficiency and utilization. Breeding goals and feeding recommendations have been proposed with a primary focus on profitability to promote significant changes in the macronutrient content, i.e., animal body protein and fat reduction. However, improving the nutritional quality of meat was not included in the profit assessment. Increasing the lean meat fraction is consistent with the goal of public dietary guidelines for human nutrition proposed in 1980, emphasizing the importance of reducing the consumption of animal fat, particularly saturated fat. The application of breeding and feeding tools to modify and improve the fatty acid composition has been partly implemented in pigs and broiler chickens to supplement the dietary recommendations for humans. The health benefits of lean “red meat” have been questioned in recent years, with dietary guidelines and upper limits being introduced for human intake. Animal breeding indirectly reduces the total and heme iron (the redness generator) content in meat, due to covariation with priority breeding goals. Two micronutrients play important roles in the human diet and are derived largely from meat (selenium) and milk (iodine) if the amount provided and absorbed is sufficient and predictable. The iodine content can be highly dependent on the use of novel (more sustainable) feeds. The micronutrients discussed in this study (Fe, Se, I, and vitamin D) highlight opportunities for the utilization of breeding and feeding knowledge to adjust their levels to procure meat with a high nutrient density. The gaps in micronutrient levels in humans must be addressed by navigating within approved animal feeding levels. Animal scientists must recognize the nutritional impact of breeding and feeding and advertise them. In addition, human nutritionists must acknowledge the existing and potential changes in animal production to meet the dietary guidelines. Sustainable food production within the “One Health” concept can only be achieved through cooperation.

How Does High-Standard Farmland Construction Affect Agroecological Efficiency—From the Perspective of Factor Endowment

Based on the factor endowment theory and the agriculture-induced technological innovation theory, this study examines the impact of high-standard farmland construction (HFC) on agricultural ecological efficiency (AEE) and sustainable agricultural development. Using empirical data from 30 provinces in China between 2005 and 2022, it explores how high-standard farmland construction techniques can enhance AEE, considering factor endowment preferences and geographical characteristics. Empirical research indicates that high-standard farmland significantly enhances AEE, particularly in the eastern region, the main grain-producing areas, and the regions with less geographical fluctuation. Additionally, agricultural innovations, capital accumulation, and land circulation reinforce the benefits of such construction, whereas labor mobility has a moderating effect. Quantile regression analyses show that the impact of HFC on AEE initially increases and then diminishes, potentially due to inadequate post-management and maintenance. Consequently, the study recommends that the government enhance policy support and supervision for high-standard farmland projects, integrate agricultural technology with capital accumulation, optimize human resource allocation, guide labor mobility, and reform land transfer systems to boost AEE and sustainability.

Stimulating innovation or enhancing productivity? The impact of environmental regulations on agricultural green growth

A comprehensive understanding of the impact of environmental regulations on agricultural green growth is crucial for formulating appropriate policy designs and achieving effective climate change mitigation. This study, based on the Porter Hypothesis framework, aims to propose our hypotheses in the influence of environmental regulations on agricultural green growth. This study first utilizes the Super-SBM model combined with the global Malmquist-Luenberger index to measure agricultural green growth in G20 countries. Subsequently, the study analyzes the impact of environmental regulations on agricultural technological innovation and green growth, highlighting variations among countries with different development levels. The results indicate: (1) Significant differences exist in agricultural green growth among G20 countries, generally exhibiting an increasing trend. (2) Environmental regulations have a significant impact on both agricultural green growth and agricultural technological innovation, but the effects of different types of environmental regulations are various. Furthermore, different conclusions are observed for countries with heterogeneous development levels. (3) There is a lag effect in the impact of environmental regulations on agricultural green growth and technological innovation, highlighting the importance of pre-establishing an environmental policy framework. (4) An inverted U-shape relationship exists between environmental regulations and agricultural green growth, while no such relationship is found in agricultural technological innovation.

Harnessing the Experience of Research and Indigenous Knowledge for Sustainable Agricultural Transformation in Arunachal Pradesh, India

Traditional knowledge includes methods for nutrient management that rely on natural resources and minimize reliance on artificial inputs. Techniques such as using botanical extracts like Bilb Rasyan and Gaajar Ghaas Svaras, as well as incorporating organic materials like cow urine and plant residues, help enrich the soil with essential nutrients. Farmers in various regions have implemented ITK practices for soil conservation. For instance, the use of Vetiver grass as a vegetative barrier helps prevent soil erosion and stabilizes slopes. This method is cost-effective and adaptable to different environmental conditions. Advocating for policies that recognize and support the integration of ITKs into mainstream agricultural research and extension services is crucial. The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act (PPVFR Act) in India provides legal recognition and protection for traditional knowledge and farmer innovations. The synthesis of Indigenous Technical Knowledge and modern agricultural research not only supports the livelihoods of local farmers but also contributes to environmental health and cultural preservation. This approach holds the promise of a more sustainable and prosperous future for Arunachal Pradesh and can serve as an inspiring model for other regions seeking to harmonize tradition with innovation.

Transforming Small-Scale Farm Entrepreneurship Through Innovation: the Case of Cross Link

The study focuses on the critical role of innovation, education, and technology in fostering agricultural entrepreneurship among youth, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. The research highlights the challenges and opportunities encountered in the intersection of traditional agricultural practices and modern technology. The purpose of the research is to bridge the gap in literature regarding young agricultural entrepreneurs in Ghana, providing a detailed case study that could serve as motivation for other aspiring small-scale farmers. The paper investigates the factors that contributed to the success of Cross Link Farms, including the educational background, networking, and mentorship received by the entrepreneur, as well as the practical application of innovative technologies such as smart incubators and hydroponic systems. This case-paper demonstrates the importance of entrepreneurial education that instilled a passion in a student to become the co-founder of a farm entrepreneurship startup. The paper applied a case study approach; data were collected through the usage of interview. The interview was recorded and transcribed. The data were analyzed interpretively. The main conclusions emphasize that innovation and technology, when coupled with a strong educational foundation and support system, are vital in transforming agriculture in Ghana and similar regions. Cross Link Farms serves as a model for how young entrepreneurs can leverage these elements to drive change, enhance food security, and contribute to rural development. The findings suggest that targeted policies and programs that foster entrepreneurial innovation in agriculture are essential for sustainable development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Based on the case-study findings, recommendations for future research include conducting empirical studies involving entrepreneurs in sub-Saharan countries to assess the role of curiosity, resilience and passion in their entrepreneurship journey.

Driving Effects and Spatial Spillover of Technological Innovation on the Carbon Balance of Agriculture

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">There is significant controversy over the overall effects of technological innovation on carbon balance. Based on panel data of agriculture from 28 provinces in China from 2009 to 2021, utilizing ArcGIS and spatial Durbin model, the spatial-temporal patterns of agricultural technological innovation and carbon balance are analyzed, and furtherly the spatial effects of technological innovation on carbon balance are examined. The results indicate: (1) the overall agricultural carbon surplus in Chinese provinces has been continuously increasing from 2009 to 2021; (2) the direct effect of technological innovation on the carbon surplus in agriculture is significantly positive, while the spatial spillover effect is significantly negative; (3) the mediating effect results show that technological innovation affects the output of the agricultural sector and thereby influences agricultural carbon balance; (4) the impact of technological innovation on agricultural carbon balance exhibits an asymmetric spatial spillover effect. Advantageous regions suffer from the positive effects of spatial spillover, while non-advantageous regions benefit from the negative impacts of spillover, resulting in an overall negative effect. This study's findings play an important role in addressing the existing controversy over the overall effects of technological innovation on carbon balance and provide important insights for formulating policies on low-carbon technological innovation in agriculture.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation and Agricultural Green Development: China’s Experience

Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation and Agricultural Green Development: China’s Experience

Climate change adaptation benefits from rejuvenated irrigation systems at Kiwere and Magozi schemes in Tanzania

ABSTRACT We examine whether soil moisture and nutrient monitoring tools and Agricultural Innovation Platforms improve farmers adaptive capacity to climate change in the context of two small-scale irrigation schemes in Tanzania. Analysis of household surveys and farmer field books show that these interventions have significantly increased household income and diversification and reduced water use and conflicts. This has contributed to rejuvenating the schemes and increased the willingness to collaborate. Farmers within these schemes report less COVID-19 impact than farmers within surrounding schemes. We argue that the interventions have increased farmers’, and their communities’, resilience and capacity to adapt to climate change.

Social Interaction for Empowering and Encouraging Farmer Productivity in Kecamatan Rubaru, Sumenep

This research focuses on social interaction and farmer empowerment in Rubaru District, Sumenep, and its impact on agricultural productivity. Social interaction between farmers plays a crucial role in increasing agricultural productivity, while farmer empowerment is an important factor in increasing welfare. This study adopts the framework of symbolic interaction theory to understand the role of communication and interaction in agricultural development. Miles and Huberman’s research method was used, involving in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document content analysis with five informants. The research results show that positive social interactions between farmers contribute to increasing agricultural knowledge, skills, and innovation. Farmer empowerment involves providing knowledge, skills, and access to resources and supporting better decision-making in agriculture. The role of farmer groups and cooperatives in facilitating social interaction and empowering farmers is very important. Madurese people’s myths and cultural beliefs influence farmers’ understanding of agricultural practices. Field instructors need to have cultural sensitivity and effective communication. In conclusion, social interaction and farmer empowerment positively increase agricultural productivity in Rubaru District, Sumenep. Peer-to-peer education and strong relationships between field extension workers and farmers play an important role in knowledge transfer and behavior change, providing valuable insights for the development of farmer empowerment programs and sustainable agricultural development. Keywords: social interaction, empowerment, farmer groups, productivity