Innovative Development Of Economy Research Articles

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY IN KAZAKHSTAN

In modern Kazakhstan, the role of advanced technologies and innovations in economic development is growing. The latest technologies allow increasing the efficiency of production and business processes. Traditional approaches and methods of work are changing as the latest technologies penetrate into new industries and spheres of human activity. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to consider the impact of digitalization on the development of the economy and determine the main directions of development of the digital economy. At the same time, modern methods of scientific knowledge, such as analysis and synthesis, are used; induction, abstraction. The article considers the growth of GDP in the conditions of digitalization, the volume of venture financing of digital projects in Kazakhstan in comparison with other countries, the economic and social advantages of digitalization of the economy, including the impact of the digital economy on the labor market. Assistance in attracting direct private investment through crowdfunding platforms is proposed as a tool for developing the digital economy. Positive effects of the digital economy are revealed. The main directions of development of the digital economy are outlined: competent it regulation, developed infrastructure, national centers of competence and digital platforms. Segments of the digital economy are highlighted: the first is software products where added value is created. The second is the level of competence where research and development takes place. This is where platforms are created that are used to create products. And the third segment includes infrastructure, qualified personnel, and the regulatory environment, which is devoted to the question of how to describe new entities that are emerging in this economy, and how to configure relationships between participants.

Assessment of innovative development potential of a macroregion within the multilevel clustering model

The object of this research is the potential of innovative development of Volga Region. The subject of this research is assessment of the processes of innovative transformation of economic systems of Volga Region. Special attention is given to the analysis of peculiarities of spatial distribution of the potential for the development of innovative economy in the context of cluster policy. The author examines the dynamics of cluster formation in the Russian Federation and Volga Federal District, as well as the level of institutional development of the clusters formed in the Volga Region. Based on the previous research, the geographical zones of Volga Region are classified by the author into macroregions, districts, and interregional clusters; on each level of the proposed multilevel model can be determined the leading region and lagging regions. For assessing the innovative transformation of economic systems of Volga Region, the author developed the methodology for comprehensive analysis of innovative development potential of the regions. The outcome Index of innovative development potential of the region (IRIDP) is formed on the basis of four subindexes: index of economic potential of innovative development (IEP-1); index of human resource potential of innovative development (IHRP-2); index of financial potential of innovative development (IFP-3); index of scientific and technological potential of innovative development (ISTP-4). In the course of analysis of the processes of clusterization of the economy of Volga Region, the author determined a significant differentiation of economic space from the perspective of institutionalization of clusters. Nonuniformity of distribution of the clusters by regions, as well as differences in the level of their development, are substantiated by the objective economic-geographical prerequisites and by the performance regional authorities within the framework of federal cluster development projects. The formulated conclusions can serve as the foundation for the formation of spatial contours and vectors of a new stage of clusterization of the economy of Volga Region; its implementation of should consider the complementary nature of innovative and cluster activity of the regions.

Concept and Methodological Aspects of Providing Balanced Innovative Development of Transportation System of the Russian Federation

The growth of significance for innovative economic development of the Russian Federation determines necessity of deeper investigation of properties and specific features of its subsystems functioning, content and forms of their inter-action, search for increasing efficiency of control systems. The transportation system is the most important strategic link of social and economic development of the country, one of the most dynamic, multiplicative and promising segments of the market, which makes 12.5 % of the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Russian Federation. An analysis of transport activity has demonstrated a smoldering recession over the last years which is accompanied by reduction of values for the most important resulting indicators. Strategic benchmarks of developing transportation activity are objectified by the consumers’ demands not only in safe, but in comfortable life medium with high environmental characteristics and aesthetic requirements. The satisfaction of such requirements is possible under condition of large-scale modernization of transportation sphere with the use of breakthrough scientific and technical solutions in all segments of human activity. All this can afford ground that it is necessary to change fundamentally an approach to investigating properties, peculiarities and factors of the transportation system development that provokes modernization of the control system for providing a balanced innovative trend and high standards of population life quality. The results of the investigations have shown that important factors of transportation system development are the following: fair competition, freedom of economic activity, development of market mechanisms, corporate culture and moral values. Study of functioning and scientific approaches to balancing innovative development of the transportation system of the Russian Federation has made it possible to create a conceptual vision and methodological basis with due account of main principles of systems theory, self-organization and synergetics and present it in brief in the given paper.

Personnel support for innovative economic development in the new normality

The concept of “new normality” is becoming popular among representatives of various scientific fields, and, above all, in the economy. It is rather controversial, however, the signs of stagnation observed in the Russian Federation, and corresponding to the signs in the framework of the concept of “new normality” clearly indicate the need for new solutions in the search for a way out to a new round of economic growth. Digital economy and innovation are the direction that can become a new driver on the way to growth and development. However, there are some factors that significantly affect the success of the implementation of state programs for the development of the digital economy in the Russian Federation. One of the significant factors is the training of qualified personnel who are able to solve problems in the mode here and now, capable of innovative activity, the creation of innovative products. This article examines the experience of the state university, the State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, on the introduction of the work-integrated education system in order to train innovative personnel for the economy of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region.

DISCOVERING SUPPORT NEEDED FOR STARTUPS IN THEIR EARLY STAGES USING ON PENTA HELIX FRAMEWORK

Startup companies are expected to become the new engines of economic growth through the rise of new innovation-based entrepreneurs. The Penta Helix framework is widely used as a framework to analyse factors related to the development of innovation-based companies. The use of the Penta Helix framework as the unit of analysis is considered to be relevant because this framework offers a comprehensive perspective and is in line with the economic development innovation and knowledge-based startups. However, there is a lack of research that has been conducted that analyse the nature of support that can be given to startups at their early-stage of creation using the Penta Helix framework that consists of five stakeholders namely Academicians, Businessmen, Government, Communities. This study aims to propose a conceptual model about the nature of support needed by startups in order to survive in their initial stages by using the Penta Helix Framework. This study is a qualitative one using the Focus Group Discussion method, in which participants are made of six early stages technology-based startup founders and CEOs, who were gathered to conduct several discussions regarding the topics. Our results show that obstacles faced by startups include among other: difficulties in obtaining qualified yet affordable workforce in facing existing competitors, difficulties in increasing sales, difficulties in managing product development costs, no adequate support from the government, and ineffective incubation programs. A model that consists of lists of support that startups need, was depict as main contribution from the discussion, named Penta Helix support for startups. This model offers comprehensive practical guide for policy makers to support startups from five perspectives.

Кластерный анализ инновационного потенциала субъектов РФ

One of the main directions of economic development of the Russian Federation is the increasing of the role of innovative production and reorganization of the economic system needed to accelerate the pace of formation of the innovative economy. Despite the tasks set by the strategy of innovative development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020, the pace of innovative development of the state economy, and accordingly regional economies, is extremely low, and the share of foreign technologies in production processes exceeds 60%. The reformation of the vision of strategic development of innovation economy in Russia is directly connected with defining the actual level of innovative development of regions and formation of mechanisms for the creation of regional and interregional scientific-technical research and innovation infrastructure, which in the long term will provide the current trends of innovative development. Today, the vast majority of regional economies have a high need for new technologies and the formation of the domestic base of scientific and technical production. The needs of the regions are determined not only by the obsolescence of production bases and technological resources, but also by the growing imbalance between the levels of development of regional economies and their isolation. One of the possible options for strategic management of innovative development is the creation the mechanisms of formation regional and interregional innovation and scientific and technical clusters, and, as a consequence, production clusters. However, in order to apply the advantages of cluster development, it is necessary to study the innovative potential of the subjects of the Russian Federation, which will ensure an effective combination of regional economies. This article presents the results of the cluster analysis of the subjects of the Russian Federation on one of the indicators of the innovative potential of the regional economy, as well as the key trends of innovative development of the subjects of the Russian Federation included in the identified clusters.

STUDY OF THE EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL SERVICES MARKET IN UZBEKISTAN

This article describes the current state of the medical services market in the context of innovative economy development In addition, measures to ensure the quality, efficiency and affordability of guaranteed health services have been studied and in-depth analysis of market systems of medical services in developed countries. The study investigated many theories of economists in foreign countries, especially in analyzing the market for medical services.

Інформатизація державного управління та національного господарства як чинник інноваційного розвитку економіки

The scientific work is devoted to the coverage of problems and prospects of informatization of state administration and national economy, which is considered as a factor of innovative development of economy. It is shown that informatization makes it possible to reduce the cost of the national economy, to provide high efficiency of social management, to increase economic mobility (including investments, labor, resources, etc.). According to the author’s point of view, in modern conditions informatization should be considered not simply as a certain branch of state policy, or a set of measures, or a separate process, but as a result of economic activity of the national economy, which is able to satisfy the demand for information products and technologies. This happens under the influence of innovative transformations. The normative-legal and regulatory-technical support of the informatization process in Ukraine is analyzed. The provisions of the National Informatics Program have been evaluated. It is stated that in order to successfully implement the informatization policy, it is necessary to solve the problem of creating an attractive innovative climate. The problems of formation of attractive innovation climate in Ukraine and contradictions of organization of innovation process are described. The list of the main measures aimed at solving the problems of improving the innovation climate is presented. It is substantiated that the general model of regulation should be based on broadening the range of economic methods of stimulating innovative activity in the sphere of informatization, first of all in priority spheres and branches of the real sector of economy. The proposal on the feasibility of developing and adopting the State Targeted Economic Program for Informatization of Public Administration and the National Economy for the Period up to 2030 is justified. . Effective measures to stimulate and protect investment in the IT sector must be envisaged, as well as enhanced mechanisms for protecting intellectual property rights, taking into account the world-recognized principles and standards. The experience of EU countries on the use of tools to promote technology commercialization (including information technology) is analyzed. Proposals for the development of a draft law defining the general concepts of commercialization of information technologies and innovations in the field of informatization have been submitted. The list of elements of the process of commercialization of information innovations and information technologies is presented. Proposals for a set of economic instruments for stimulating customers (buyers) of information products and technologies of national origin are made.

A Program Approach to Solving the Problems of Innovative Development of the Economy

The subject of the study is the assessment of the effectiveness of the application of targeted integrated programs in solving important problems of the country’s innovative development. The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical and methodological approaches, develop recommendations of a methodological and practical nature, aimed to improve the procedure of the formation, adoption and evaluation of the implementation of state targeted programs (STP). The effectiveness of applying the program approach to solving the most important problems of the country’s development is shown by the example of the construction of the Dnieper hydroelectric station. Attention is focused on key success factors in construction: patriotism, faith in the future, high qualification of workers, employees, managers, charisma of the program manager, will and comprehensive support of the state leadership. The analysis of the implementation of STP in Ukraine during 2018-2018 is made. Attention is focused on their chronic failure due to non-compliance with the provisions of the methodology of the program approach in management and methodological recommendations for the development and implementation of STPs. An attempt was made to establish a causal relationship, the interdependence between the quality of preparation of the STPs and the final results of their implementation. Attention is paid to assessing the level of innovativeness of the national economy, the reasons for its decline. The necessity of forming improved mechanisms for system program management is emphasized. It was recommended to improve the goal-setting procedures, the application of the principle of comprehensiveness in planning program activities in conjunction with targets, resources, deadlines, and fixing performers. The importance of strict observance of financial discipline in the implementation of programs, the prevention of the creation of various corruption schemes in the allocation of resources was emphasized. The necessity of improving the system for monitoring the implementation of STP measures is emphasized. It is proposed to consolidate in the legal documents the provisions on the mechanism for the distribution of moral, material and administrative responsibility of officials for the implementation of decisions aimed at timely and high-quality achievement of the established goals of the program and especially when they are not fulfilled. Keywords: responsibility, state target program, innovative economic development, efficiency of public administration, program-target method of management.

FACTORS OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC SECURITY

During the last two decades The Russian Federation experienced a serious external pressure on the part of western countries, including the impact of unfair competition on global commodity markets and sectional costs. At the same time global geo-political space is undergoing changes too. Principle risks and threats to national and regional economic security, which kept arising in the previous years in many regions of the country, are becoming the most topical. Our home market demonstrates different dynamics of its development, which is characterized by low economic growth, regional disproportions in social and economic development, shortage of investment. Positive indicators include relative sustainability of economy, surplus of regional budgets, success of certain entities of the country in attaining strategic goals, a high level of openness of Federation entities’ economy. In this context identification of key risks and threats to regional economic security acquires special importance, designing approaches to their minimization and elimination is also essential. Unfortunately, there is no universal approach to their elimination in the global practice, however, it is possible to lower their impact on social and economic sphere. The authors analyzed a number of key factors influencing economic security in regions. Two large macro-regions of Russia, i. e. the Central and the Privolzhskiy Federal districts were investigated. Using their example entities, which are included in these districts, were typified by dynamics of certain indicators. It showed serious differentiation, the trends of investment shortage dominates in the majority of regions. In both districts, mentioned above the share of investment into fixed capital in gross regional product and returns on assets ratio decreased. Only the Kaluga region as an entity of the Central Federal district shows positive dynamics. Specific weight of shipped innovation products in the total volume of industrial output (indicator) demonstrates the level of economic security of the area in view of its competitiveness. The authors showed that the number of regions with growing dynamics of innovation products output is prevailing. Disproportions in key indicators of regional economic security were found. Positive factors of its growth, such as availability of serious potential of innovation economy development were identified.

Scientific Bases of Spatial Development of Innovative Activity in the Territory of Russia

The purpose of the study is to identify the Russian territories prepared to achieve a breakthrough in the field of innovation. The relevance is due to the declared leadership of the country in a number of documents and Federal programs aimed at accelerating the development of innovative economy. Usually, readiness for innovation is associated with the development of development institutions and service infrastructure of innovation. In this area, numerous borrowings were made and the real practice of large-scale Federal support for innovation centers in the way of expensive Greenfield ideology (Skolkovo, Innopolis) was implemented. However, to date, the domestic economy is not innovative. The problems of this lie in the fact that the most important questions have not been widely raised about how innovation differs from traditional scientific and technical activities, what is significant characteristic of the territory of the world-famous innovation centers in the economy of the West; in what urban conditions is the active development of innovation and whether it can provide, for example, science cities or innograd. These issues are relevant not only in the research area or for public education, but also fundamentally important for the development of regions seeking to actualize the innovative potential of specific territories. The study on the basis of extensive foreign experience (USA, Europe, Japan) examines the features of the territories characterized by the effective development of scientific and innovative activity. The hierarchy of the spatial organization of scientific and innovative activity is substantiated: Technopark-Technopolis - region of science. Given the typological characteristics of foreign science parks and regions of science. The list of Russian agglomerations that can be attributed to the regions of science is determined.

Improving the Training System of Water Transport Management Specialists in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation

The article discusses the issues of building a competitive system of higher education in the Arctic region and formation of specialists’ professional competencies for solving urgent scientific and technological problems within the concept of the Arctic economy innovative development. It is concluded that in order to be competitive, the new regional higher education system must undergo rapid changes to meet the modern economy requirements. That being said, the formation of Arctic competences is on the one hand a specific condition of professional training of specialists for the Arctic economy, which is not secured by the legislation; on the other hand, it is an important factor in maintaining competitiveness of both the regional vocational education system as a whole and that of a specific university.

Achieving a durable economy: Lessons learned from Burlington, Vermont

ABSTRACT In this case, an overview is provided of the innovative economic and community development approaches that the City of Burlington, Vermont has used over several decades to create a more sustainable economy. A description of the six sectors of a durable economy discusses locally focused, cultural, social, inclusive, political, and environmental/sustainable aspects. Lessons learned about various initiatives used to foster a more durable economy are presented to conclude the case.

ДЕТЕРМІНАНТИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ТРАЄКТОРІЇ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ДЕРЖАВИ В СУЧАСНОМУ ЕКОНОМІЧНОМУ

A high level of economic security is inherent in those countries that stimulate the development of the human component of national wealth as a basis for Ukrainian innovative competitiveness. Therefore, the article is devoted to the analysis of the factors of innovative development of the state economy through the prism of expanded reproduction of national wealth. The interrelation of the expanded reproduction of the human and natural components of the system of national wealth and innovative development in the context of ensuring the economic security of the state is substantiated. The modern economic and legal base of strategic innovative development of Ukraine is analyzed. The legal basis of strategic innovative development of Ukraine is divided into general bases of innovative activity and outline of priority directions of innovative activity of national and branch levels. Its shortcomings are highlighted. Thus, the strategy of innovative development of Ukraine should be aimed at ensuring the efficient use and conservation of exploited natural resources by means of modern technologies in production and industry. The model of causal relationships of bifurcation innovative development of the economy of Ukraine and the reproduction of national wealth is presented. The shortcomings of the national innovation system are identified. The factors influencing the formation of innovative development of the state economy are singled out and analyzed. Unstable position Ukrainian innovative economy in the international ranking of countries according to the Global Innovation Index is highlighted. Emphasis is placed on the need to increase the efficiency of state mechanisms for regulating Ukrainian innovation development in the context of preserving and increasing the national wealth of Ukraine. It is substantiated that the main limiting factor of Ukraine’s innovative development is the inefficient use of its national wealth. In fact, national wealth is the “safety cushion” of the state in case of emergencies and the basic attribute of society’s adaptation to the deterioration of the nation’s livelihood in such conditions.

Innovative development of human capital in the conditions of globalization

The role of human capital in the innovative development of the Ukrainian economy, which is formed through investment in the human being, is investigated. It is determined that an indispensable condition for sustainable development of the country is the implementation of the strategy of increasing the quality of human capital, which is actively involved in innovation processes and serves as a key resource for improving the competitiveness of the national economy. Emphasis is placed introduction of the model “lifelong learning” using modern technologies. A methodological approach to determining the level of innovative development of human capital is proposed and the value of the integral index of innovative development of human capital is calculated. The innovative-investment model of human capital development in the conditions of globalization is developed and the directions are defined. To overcome the problems of inefficient development of human capital and to improve its quality, a set of measures will be proposed that will contribute to the innovative development of the economy. The scientific novelty is to deepen theoretical provisions and to develop scientific and practical recommendations for improving the quality of human capital and its innovative development in the context of accelerating globalization processes.

НОВАЦИИ В ЭКОНОМИКЕ КНДР В ЭПОХУ КИМ ЧЕН ЫНА: ИТОГИ, УГРОЗЫ И РИСКИ

During the 8 years of the DPRK leadership, Kim Jong-un has been trying to position himself as a major reformer of the economy and the main military strategist in the development of the production of the latest intercontinental missiles directed towards the United States. Kim Jong-un presented the economic program for the first time at the VII Congress of the Labor Party of Korea in 2016 in the format of the three main tasks of the first five-year plan for 2016-2020. Tasks. To summarize Kim Jong-un's innovations in economic development and prove that they will be effective in the context of expanding trade and economic cooperation between the DPRK and China, Russia, as well as reducing the US sanctions policy against the DPRK. Methodology. The use of methods of scientific knowledge of the reformation of the economy of less developed countries. Results. The scale of economic innovations of Kim Jong-un and the influence of the legacy left by Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il from the position of national ideology are proved to be self-reliant (Juche), which complicates and slows down the transition of North Korea to the number of democratically developed countries of the world, political and trade-economic DPRK cooperation with the Republic of Korea. Findings. Today, China has always been and remains the main military-political ally and economic partner of the DPRK. Sino-US relations have become much more complicated as a result of the trade war and US accusations of concealing by China the real reasons for the appearance and spread of COVID-19 all over the world. The DPRK's economic relations with the United States do not develop after direct contact in 2019 of Donald Trump with Kim Jong-un. External and internal threats and risks in the use of innovations remain.

The intellectual capital as the important factor of ensuring competitiveness of the enterprises of mechanical engineering industry of Ukraine at the present stage of development of innovative economy

In modern conditions, competitiveness is manifested in the effective use by economic entities of their financial and intellectual capital through the growth of technological and managerial components in the development of innovation processes. Since financial resources, from the point of view of the enterprise economy, cannot be considered as a stable source of its competitive advantages, the attention is focused on the intellectual component of the enterprise’s competitiveness. The purpose of the study is to determine the essence of intellectual capital and its importance for ensuring the competitiveness of the Ukraine’s machine-building industry enterprises at the present stage of the country’s innovative economy development in terms of transferring to the knowledge economy. Intellectual capital should include special abilities of the personnel, based on knowledge, skills and experience, as well as provide particularly valuable information for the enterprise, which is the basis of significant competitive advantages in domestic and foreign markets in an innovative economy. The thesis that information, knowledge, experience, intangible assets acquire new significance, which in their interaction and development originate a new category of “intellectual capital”, is substantiated. The authors’ definition of the “intellectual capital” category is formulated taking into account the study of this concept from the standpoint of the definitions of capital interpretation. Intellectual capital is an intellectual resource (knowledge, experience, skills) which, if used effectively, turns into added value and ensures the competitiveness of the enterprise.

Sustainable future growth on the base of impact investing in BRICS countries

Impact investing is a new developmental paradigm in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS), and its effective implementation is a fundamental factor in securing stable and innovative economic development at the national level. With impact investing, investors look to generate positive social and environmental impacts alongside financial returns. The current study reveals the innovative mechanisms of impact investing, namely, financial and economic tools and new business technologies. It also explores the diverse ways in which impact investment capital can be leveraged in BRICS countries. The results indicate the advantages and problems inherent in impact investing, as well as the main directions in which this type of investing can develop. The current study examines the development of impact investing in BRICS countries. It also touches upon the role of impact investing in the development of their economies and identifies the main problems inherent in implementing impact investing there.

The effect of human capital potential and intellectual property institutions on innovative economic development

The effect of human capital potential and intellectual property institutions on innovative economic development

ШЛЯХИ РОЗВИТКУ SMART-УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ (ДОСВІД КИЇВСЬКОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ ІМЕНІ БОРИСА ГРІНЧЕНКА)

The article considers the meaning of the concept of SMART as "intelligent, intelligent", the abbreviation is also deciphered as follows: S - the goal should be clear, specifically defined and formulated, and the result to be obtained, understandable; M - the goal must be measurable (in monetary units, percentages, points, etc.); A - it is necessary to set sufficiently complex goals that involve efforts and innovation; R - the goal must be realistic within the available resources, knowledge and time to achieve it; T - the goal must be determined in time. The properties of SMART-university are determined: flexibility of learning in an interactive educational environment containing a modern electronic component; provides personal and adaptive learning for students; free access of all participants in the educational process to content, including electronic, from anywhere in the world. The model of SMART-system and preconditions of SMART-university development are given, which include technological factors that provide new tools and technologies for learning in the modern information and telecommunication environment; social factors, which include the needs of society in obtaining a new quality of educational services; economic factors, which are that education has always made a significant contribution to the development of macroeconomics. And in the conditions of formation of a digital society the transformed system of education will promote definition of a place of university in development of innovative economy of the country. The main approaches to development management of SMART-University are generalized. Some aspects of the implementation of the components of SMART-university are covered, such as the e-learning system LMS, cloud technologies, institutional repository, Wiki-portal, electronic document management, etc. Proposals for improving development management based on the generalization of foreign experience in the organization of adult education and its adaptation to the realities of the Ukrainian university are described. The results of a survey of students and teachers on the development of SMART-space at the university (on the example of BGKU) are analyzed. Some recommendations are presented, in particular, that one of the conditions of a scientifically organized and theoretically sound system of lifelong learning is the organization of SMART-space at the university