Development Of Innovation Policy Research Articles

О ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКЕ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В CТАВРОПОЛЬСКОМ КРАЕ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ

Taking into account the current geopolitical situation, one of the main challenges facing the Russian Federation is ensuring technological sovereignty and import substitution, as well as accelerated development of all industries and economic growth. The development of innovation plays a key role in ensuring the country's ability to respond effectively to these challenges. At the present stage, the dynamic development of innovation activity in the country is impossible without the modernization of the state mechanism to support and stimulate these activities taking into account the actual analysis and evaluation, the definition of priority areas, goals and objectives of development. Currently, state support for innovative development, including individual sectors of the economy, is carried out at the national or regional levels in accordance with regulatory legal acts and the main documents of the country's strategic planning in the field of innovation development that require changes taking into account the current challenges faced by the country and the current economic situation. The article considers the current directions of development of the country's innovation policy, analyzes the state support for the innovation activity of the region on the example of the Stavropol Territory, identifies its strengths and weaknesses, and formulates proposals for the innovative development of the region.

Relationship between Innovation and Economic Growth in the Example of the Republic of Kazakhstan

This article examines the relationship between innovation, education and economic growth in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Many empirical studies have proved a positive relationship between innovation and economic growth, that innovation has become a major component of global economic growth. Despite the acceleration of economic growth in various countries, including Kazakhstan, the relationship between economic growth and innovation in the country remains unclear. This study examined the impact of three factors: R&D, academic staff and innovation spending on economic growth in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The identified groups of indicators of economic development consist of sub-indicators. A regression analysis was done based on statistical data from 2009 to 2021. SPSS software was used for data processing. Three pairs of hypotheses were developed. The results of the first and third groups of hypotheses are similar only in those indicators that represent the total number of participants in innovative development, whose influence on economic development becomes strong. Thus, we can conclude that there is a strong relationship between GDP and indicators of educational and innovation factors. There is a relationship between the indicators of the academic staff in R&D and all enterprises that are involved in the process of development and implementation of innovations in Kazakhstan. The proposed hypotheses were accepted. Government agencies can use the results of this study in the development of innovation policy in the country.

Ethical examination in the field of medical research: a way to protect human rights

It is indicated that the statement that the legislation of our country does not provide full protection of human rights, including when conducting biomedical research, does not require additional argumentation. Attention is focused on the fact that, despite such a large number and diversity of bioethics committees, it is worth noting that today it is not possible to state with certainty the existence of a full-fledged system of interconnected ethics committees, since the existing normative documents on their activities are of a temporary nature, and functions and tasks assigned to them are not always clearly defined. In addition, there is an opinion that attempts to bureaucratize the existing situation (establish clear departmental subordination, define vertical and horizontal connections between ethics committees) are highly undesirable. Of course, on the one hand, excessive complication and bureaucratization will not contribute to progressive development in the activities of committees, and the system that has chaotically developed today is also not satisfactory. In order to improve the current situation and establish the institutional protection of citizens’ rights in the field of health care, it is advisable to make significant changes in domesticlegislation, for which it is necessary to thoroughly analyze it, based on the identification of patterns, certain methods and systematization, which, in fact, will act as one from areas of bioethical expertise. In the most general form, the ethics committee should be a specialized structure dealing with ethical issues of medical and biological sciences, examination of research projects and examination of draft laws, development of necessary recommendations, as well as development of innovative policies in the field of health care. Such committees should consist of a number of experts and be interdisciplinary in nature.The author claims that a full-fledged legal basis for the functioning of ethics committees has not yet been created, their goals, tasks, principles of activity have not been defined. The existing committees are unsystematic entities that do not have the authority to suspend or prohibit dangerous biomedical research involving humans, which means that they do not have the ability to fully protect the rights and freedoms of subjects. Such a state of affairs contradicts the requirements of internationalstandards and cannot fully serve to achieve the goals of forming a social, democratic and legal state.

Current challenges of innovative development in industrial enterprises

The development of state policy on an innovative basis is an effective mechanism for overcoming the crisis in the war and post-war periods. With the help of innovations at an industrial enterprise, it is possible to increase labor efficiency and reduce the resource consumption of production. An effective innovation policy of the state, and especially joint actions of the state and corporate sectors of the economy, is an effective tool for combating the economic crisis. This confirms the relevance of the chosen research topic. The setting of tasks consists in determining the basic principles of the development of state policy, as well as the development of directions for the innovative activity of industrial enterprises. The purpose of the research is to determine the features of state policy on an innovative basis, taking into account the features of international experience. The main theoretical and practical aspects of the formation and improvement of state policy were reflected in the works of Y. Bazhal, V. Heyets, L. Didkivska and L. Golovko, D. Zukhba, E. Zukhba, M. Ignatushina, D. Kapturenko, S. Mocherny, V Oreshyna, D. Stechenko and others. Method or methodology of research. The article uses a set of methods and approaches of scientific research: systemic, factorial, comparative, analysis and synthesis, generalization, scientific abstraction and others. The international experience of the peculiarities of the development of state policy on an innovative basis in the countries of the European Union, Asia, the USA, etc. is summarized. The positive aspects of the development of innovation policy as a component of the state policy of economic development have been determined, taking into account modern development trends and risks that restrain their development. An important development is the development of directions of state policy on an innovative basis. The field of application of research results is socio-economic development.

Innovation-Driven Policies, Corporate Governance Structure and Total Factor Productivity in Chinese Sports Sector: Evidence from Listed Sports Firms

The sports industry, an emerging industry with low pollution and low emissions, plays an important role in the sustainable development of human society. Using 489 observations from a panel of 128 sports firms listed on the New Third Board in China from 2015 to 2020, this study investigated the effects of three different innovation-driven policies on the total factor productivity of sports firms and the moderating role of governance structure on this relationship. The results showed that high-tech enterprise tax relief was an important policy tool to promote the total factor productivity of sports enterprises, but the direct effects of government subsidies and pre-tax deduction of R&D expenses were not significant. In addition, governance structure had a positive moderating effect on the relationship between innovation-driven policies and the total factor productivity of sports firms. The positive effect of the pre-tax deduction of R&D expenses policy was more significant for sports firms with larger and more independent boards of directors. This study provides new insight into innovation policy development for the sports industry by showing that corporate governance has a significant impact on the effectiveness of innovation-driven policies. Furthermore, the findings provide practical guidance for both managers and government–industry policymakers in the sports industry.

ЕКОНОМІЧНА БЕЗПЕКА ПІДПРИЄМСТВ НА ЗАСАДАХ ФОРМУВАННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ

The influence of innovation activity and activity on their economic security is studied. On the basis of a thorough analysis of scientific research, the components of the economic security of enterprises are grouped and the expediency of stimulating the innovative development of Ukrainian enterprises in order to ensure the economic security of enterprises and the national security of Ukraine on the basis of the formation of innovation policy at the level of the State and enterprises is indicated. It is noted that the introduction of innovations in business activities It is associated not only with scientific and technological progress and increased competition in many industries, but also with the economic and political situation in the country and ensures the economic security of enterprises. The necessity of formation of innovation policy of enterprises to ensure the economic security of enterprises and the level of their competitiveness is reflected. The existence of strategic challenges related to the formation of mechanisms for the implementation of innovative products, the involvement of domestic and foreign customers of scientific and technical products in the technological modernization of industry, which will ensure the economic security of enterprises on an innovative basis, has been proved. The main groups of reasons for the development of innovation policy and implementation of innovations and the risks that affect the economic security of enterprises are grouped. Keywords. Innovation policy, innovative products, economic and national security, risks, components, challenges, competitiveness, development.

The work in progress of a developing nation’s Triple Helix and its impact on patent commercialization. The case of Sri Lanka

PurposeThis study aims to contribute to the understanding of the innovation environment of a developing nation through the Triple Helix model, revealing the existing inter-relationships between the three Helixes of Academia–Industry–Government. It sets out to find out the relationship and impact of the three Helixes on the most crucial stage of the innovation process: the commercialisation of patents, and to ascertain if there is a varying impact determined by patent ownership.Design/methodology/approachThis cross-sectional study uses the survey method based on the views expressed by 220 Sri Lankan registered patent holders and categorised by organisational and individual ownership. The sample is drawn from the database of the National Intellectual Property Office of Sri Lanka and patents registered through the Patent Cooperation Treaty, extracted from the World Intellectual Property Organisation Patent Scope database. The survey was carried out in 2019 and limited to patents registered during the period 2010–2014.FindingsThe empirical findings indicate weak inter-relationship between Academia support, Industry support and patent commercial success, while the support of the Government Helix is non-significant in the commercial stage. The findings also indicate two different support standards existing in each Helix for the two ownership groups.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited to a five-year window in a relatively early period in the country’s innovation policy development. The study model is also limited by the non-inclusion of mediators such as government-backed affiliated agencies and academia technical transfer offices which if incorporated would improve the study model and be more reflective of the actual environment and their role as change agents bridging the transition to a hybrid Triple Helix.Practical implicationsThe study findings capture the inter-relationships of the Triple Helix existing in a developing country at the most crucial stage of the innovation process. It helps policymakers identify the gaps in each Helix that stands wanting and take measures to rectify them by creating a more favourable National Innovation System. An innovative environment that will facilitate patent holders achieve higher technological transfers and commercial success rates.Social implicationsThe findings disclosure of two different support standards existing in each Helix for the two patent ownership groups poses a challenge for policymakers and challenges the core objective of increasing the commercial success of patents granted. The findings strengthen the need for a more robust support system to be put in place that would empower and facilitate the individual patent owner to increase the share of economic value arising from this underutilised patent group.Originality/valueThis study contributes by furthering the Triple Helix model in a social context and micro-setting by operationalising the theoretical practices. The study also gives insight into each Helix’s interaction and contribution during the most crucial stage of innovation management in a developing economy and its impact on the two categories of patent ownership which is scarce.

Military Experience and Individual Entrepreneurship—Imprinting Theory Perspective: Empirical Evidence From China

Military experience, as a special early experience exerts a very profound impact on individual decision making. This paper investigates the impact of military experience on male labor force entrepreneurial choices and its underlying mechanisms, using the 2014 to 2016 China Labor-force Dynamics Survey data. It is found that military experience significantly reduces the probability of individual entrepreneurship. The analysis of the influence mechanism shows that military experience inhibits survival entrepreneurship mainly by increasing employment opportunities in state-owned units, increasing the probability of becoming a member of the Communist Party of China(CPC), and accumulating human capital. This paper also finds that the inhibitory effect of military experience on individual entrepreneurship varies across household registration groups and is more significant for laborers with non-agricultural household. This paper not only reveals the impact of the military experience on individual entrepreneurship choices, but also provides empirical evidence for the development of innovation and entrepreneurship policies in emerging economies.

Reframing innovation: A case of split personality

The meaning and definition of innovation are vague and multi-faceted, measured by a combination of 81 variables by the Global Innovation Index—GII, challenging policy makers in the conception of appropriate economic development strategies. Based on extensive research on the relationships between the variables, this study presents and tests a simple analytical model that considers innovation as two separate and not necessarily connected themes: the creation of knowledge and the concrete implementation of innovation activities (endogenous variables), each influenced by separate ecosystem factors: “innovation initiators” and enabling factors (exogenous variables). This model facilitates the analysis of the question to which extent an innovation process requires policy measures oriented to knowledge creation.The relationships were tested by conducting regression analysis with data on 81 variables across 132 economies based on the GII for 2021. The results supported the viability of the model. An important finding was the relatively low impact of knowledge creation on innovative outputs within the country (such as the production of new products), whereas the focus was mostly on the export of knowledge (as measured by intellectual property receipts). Another finding was the importance of the technology absorption capacity and availability of local skills for a country’s innovative business activity, independent of pure knowledge creation activity.The model has implications for the development of innovation policies under specific conditions in an economy. Prevailing ecosystem exogenous conditions and the potential for changes within them may lead to the optimization of innovation activity by focusing on technological advancement, which need not be conducive to new production (contrary to prevailing beliefs). Conditions in other economies or regions may justify policies focused on the development of innovative products or creation of new organizational models rather than on support for technological startups.

Отраслевая инновационная политика как совокупность стратегических инструментов и механизмов инновационного развития

The article considers methodical approaches to the development and implementation of innovation policy in Russia. It introduces an analysis of the current state of domestic sectoral innovation policy, its regulatory and legal framework, levels, institutions, criteria, and performance indicators. The author believes that the low innovation activity of economic agents in Russia is caused by the poor theory and methodology of innovation policy, which also affects the innovative potential of the domestic economy. The current sectoral mechanisms of support and implementation of innovative solutions is also ineffective. The author reviewed available publications on innovation policy and various strategic documents, as well as analyzed the foreign experience of sectoral innovation policy. The paper also contains a diachronic analysis of the innovation policy in Russia. The author developed a matrix approach to innovation policy mechanisms in terms of levels, strategic perspectives, and implementation. This simple and visual three-vector matrix provides an efficient analysis of mechanisms of sectoral innovation policy.

Instrumental analysis of the impact of economic factors on the level of a country’s economic innovativeness

The rapid development of innovative activity in Ukraine and the instability of the economic and political environment determine the relevance of studying the problems of innovative development in close connection with global and local factors of economic growth. The purpose of the research is to study the budgetary policy factors that have a dominant influence on the level of national innovative development, and their impact on the level of economic growth in order to form directions for innovation policy development based on instrumental analysis methods. The paper uses methods of econometric modeling and adaptive methods of forecasting. The constructed conceptual model includes three aggregated stages of research. The study addressed the problem of assessing the level of a country’s economic innovativeness and determining the factors affecting it; it was found that this level grows with an increase in the share of private investment, a decrease in the rate of GDP growth, an increase in the share of taxes in the budget structure, a decrease in the money supply, an increase in education and public security expenditures. The impact of the state budgetary policy was analyzed and the value of the indicator of economic growth and the level of the country’s economic innovativeness was forecasted. The practical significance of the results is that a gradual reduction in the level of the country’s economic innovativeness is possible in periods of long-term economic growth. To avoid such negative consequences, European governments should pay more attention to internal problems and external trends of innovation activity

Indigenous Peoples’ Rights and Intellectual Property: From the Knowledge Dommons to ABS Agreements (WITHDRAWN)

Intellectual property rights (IPRs) on biological resources and traditional knowledge are criticized for increasing corporate control and lacking ethical considerations for Indigenous peoples and local communities. Access and benefit sharing (ABS) agreements are considered useful policy instruments for addressing issues of bioprospecting and biopiracy by securing developing countries and Indigenous peoples’ rights on their biological resources and traditional knowledge. Building on the theory of knowledge commons, we examine the international governance regimes for access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization. We then investigate three case studies of bioprospecting and biopiracy in South Africa to examine the processes of designing and implementing ABS agreements in favor of Indigenous peoples. Highlighting the wide-ranging consultation that needs to take place as part of this process, our analysis of these ABS agreements provides useful insights for the development of innovation and intellectual property policies that include traditional knowledge in a spirit of social justice, economic development and biodiversity conservation and sustainable use. In doing so, we contribute to ongoing debates about IPRs impacts by establishing that IPRs can be beneficial for society when provided to Indigenous peoples for protecting their traditional knowledge. Moreover, we provide a more nuanced understanding of the knowledge commons by determining how ABS agreements promote collective forms of ownership that regenerate traditional knowledge commons in line with customary rights.

An innovative approach to forecasting the impact of online promotion factors on key competitiveness indicators of economic entities

Aim. The presented study aims to identify online promotion factors that affect company sales, to determine the degree of correlation between them, and to investigate their impact on revenue; to develop an algorithm for forecasting the impact of these factors on key competitiveness indicators of economic entities.Tasks. The objective of this study is to improve the efficiency of online promotion by digitalizing the process of forecasting the impact of online promotion factors on key competitiveness indicators of economic entities.Methods. The authors use the systems and logical approaches, as well as correlation and regression, factor and variance analysis.Results. A five-factor regression equation is developed to quantify the effectiveness of the innovation policy of online development of economic entities and to forecast the impact of online promotion factors on its competitiveness. An algorithm for forecasting this impact on key competitiveness indicators of economic entities is proposed. The obtained results can be used in the enterprise’s concept of innovation policy development and implementation.

Зарубіжний досвід формування та реалізації податкової політикита його імплементація в Україні

Проаналізовано зарубіжний досвід формування та реалізації податкової політики, з огляду на стимулювання економічної активності суб’єктів підприємницької діяльності. Виявлено, що податкова політика здебільшого орієнтована на спрощення умов для підприємницької діяльності та стимулювання інноваційної діяльності суб’єктів підприємництва. Країни Європи націлені на гармонізацію податкового законодавства. Найактуальнішими для України є такі напрями податкової політики: державна допомога суб’єктам малого й середнього бізнесу; державна допомога, пов’язана із енергозбереженням і захистом довкілля; надання податкових пільг інвестиційно-інноваційного спрямування.

Assessment of Key Feeding Technologies and Land Use in Dairy Sheep Farms in Spain

Familiar mixed dairy sheep farm is the most widespread system in the Mediterranean basin, in Latin America and in developing countries (85%). There is a strong lack of technological adoption in packages of feeding and land use in small-scale farms. To increase competitiveness, it would be of great interest to deepen the knowledge of how innovation was selected, adopted, and spread. The objective of this research was to select strategic feeding and land use technologies in familiar mixed dairy sheep systems and later assess dairy sheep farms in Spain. This objective was assessed by combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies. In the first stage, with the aim to identify and select the appropriate technologies, a panel of 107 experts in dairy sheep production was used. A questionnaire was applied to all of them with successive rounds using Delphi methodology. Later, these technologies were grouped by principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). In a second stage the technological results from a random sample of 157 farms in the Center of Spain were collected. The technologies selected were linked to the technological adoption level of the farms in Castilla la Mancha by a multiple regression model. Ten technologies were selected by the 107 experts. Four factors were retained by PCA that explained at 67.11% of variance. The first factor is related to feeding strategies, the second to land use for livestock production, the third to efficient management of land resources or ecoefficiency and the fourth to by-products use. The expert evaluation was grouped in three clusters using the Ward’s method and the squared Euclidean distance measure, where the second showed higher values in the adoption level of each technology. The multiple regression model explained the relationship between the technologies and the technological level of the farms (R2 73.53%). The five technologies selected were: use of unifeed (1), supplemental feeding (5), grazing (6), raw materials production (7) and sustainable use of water and soil (10). These ten technologies identified can be directly extended to small-scale dairy farms from other countries in the Mediterranean basin and Latin America. This technological selection was supported from the broad and diverse panel of experts used. Besides, five technologies identified by the quantitative model will be able to be taken into account for the development of public innovation policies. They are direct technologies and easy to apply on the farm and seeking increased viability through innovation vs. intensification.

The Impact of Concessioners on Sustainability in and around U.S. National Parks: A Case Study of Grand Teton National Park Concessioners

Concessioners play an important role in park and protected area management by providing visitor services. Historically, concessioners were criticized for their negative impacts on environmental sustainability. However, due to policy changes, technological advances, and shifting market demands, there is a need to reevaluate the role of concessioners in sustainable destination management in and around parks and protected areas. The purpose of this qualitative case study situated in Grand Teton National Park (GTNP), which was guided by social exchange theory, was to explore U.S. national park concessioners’ influence on sustainable development at the destination level from the perspective of National Park Service (NPS) staff, concessioners, and local community members. Sustainability was examined holistically as a multifaceted construct with integrated socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental dimensions. Twenty-three participants completed semistructured interviews. Researchers identified four thematic categories describing concessioners’ influence on sustainability; motivations and barriers to pursuing sustainability initiatives; and situational factors that facilitated concessioners’ sustainability actions. While participants commented on the negative environmental impacts of concessioners and their operations, these data suggest that concessioners were working individually and collaboratively to promote environmental, socioeconomic, and cultural sustainability in and around GTNP. Some concessioners were even described as leaders, testing and driving the development of innovative sustainability policies and practices. These actions were motivated, in part, by contractual obligations and profit generation. However, concessioners also had strong intangible motivators, such as intrinsic values and a strong sense of community, that drove their positive contributions to sustainability. Based on these data, we recommend that those involved in future theoretical and practical work with concessioners acknowledge the importance of both tangible and intangible motivators when attempting to promote higher levels of sustainability achievement and collaboration. This will become increasingly important as land management agencies continue to embrace strategies beyond the traditional “parks as islands” approach to management. Additionally, future work should explore more specifically the role of policy, conceptualizations of sustainability, and private industry sponsorship in promoting concessioners’ contributions to sustainability, especially in collaborative settings. This work is needed to understand if and how these observations generalize to other contexts.

Огляд ландшафту інструментів інноваційної політики ЄС: висновки для України

The need to modernize and critically rethink the state of Ukraine`s national innovation policy and the tools for its implementation is justified. This is due to the slowdown of innovation processes in the country over the past five years and the chronic problems that have accompanied the national research and innovation sphere for almost the entire period of independence. To that end, it is necessary to rely on the theoretical argumentation of the grounds for state intervention in innovation from the standpoint of various economic schools, and European experience in the development and implementation of innovation policy, which is relevant in the context of Ukraine's European integration, as well as taking into account modern challenges and the specifics of the social and institutional arrangements of Ukraine as a developing country. This article identifies and summarizes the most common instruments used at the level of the EU and its member states to support research, development, and innovation. These include research, collaboration, doctoral and seed grants, public procurement, start-up funds, venture funds, science and technology parks, clusters, technology transfer offices, technology centers, innovation loans and innovation vouchers, tax incentives, "living labs", digital innovation hubs, etc. Some of them have been analyzed to illustrate the similarities and differences in the innovation policy of the EU member states. It has been determined EU member states still tend to use supply tools, supporting knowledge generation to a greater extent, and tools to stimulate demand for innovation are much less common in them, which does not allow the EU to catch up with world leaders, in particular the United States, Japan and South Korea, for the performance of national innovation systems. Based on the analysis of the European experience in supporting and stimulating innovation, proposals are formulated for the development of a national innovation policy for an effective post-war recovery.

Does It Matter Who Owns It? A Comparison Study and Demographic Profiling of Patent Ownership and Its Impact on Commercialisation in Sri Lanka

Purpose: This study compares the demographic profiling of patent ownership in Sri Lanka with counterparts in other parts of the world. The study also seeks to understand the impact of patent ownership on patent commercial success as Sri Lanka is one of the few countries where a significant number of independent individuals are involved in the innovation process as inventors. Sri Lanka, as a country, struggles to make economic headway through the commercialisation of innovation. This factor of ownership could be an influencing factor for non-commercialisation. The study explores this aspect by comparing ownership between individual held patents with organisational patents on a national scale. The study also compares the findings with other similar global studies. Methodology: A sample of 220 respondents from a national sample comprising individual patent holders and organisational patent holders, including universities (IHL’s), Government Research Organizations (GRI’s) and commercial enterprises, was used in this cross-sectional study and analysed using SPSS version 21. The study uses descriptive statistics and Chai square analysis to address the research questions. The study is limited to patents granted between 2010 and 2014. Findings: The empirical findings confirm that ownership does influence the probability of commercialisation in favour of organisational ownership. The study also reveals a near equal match in demographic profiling with developed countries, indicating a mature inventor community. This finding draws policymakers’ attention to the support required for the most crucial stage of patent commercialisation. Research Implications/Limitation: The study contributes to comparing the demographic profiling of patent holders by ownership category, gender, education, experience, the propensity in the inventions, patent strength, and patent commercialisation with other global studies and helps benchmark the achievement of the SL patents in a global perspective. The limitation of the study is the period selected for analysis as the study setting is set relatively early in the stage of the country’s innovation policy development and should be replicated through the analysis of more recent patents. Originality: Despite the increased interest in patent studies and innovation, very few studies have provided empirical evidence that compares different patent ownership in a single study, especially in the context of an emerging country and the tracking of the patent commercial potential. Therefore, this study contributes to this body of knowledge and the findings valuable for patent holders and policymakers.

Does It Matter Who Owns It? A Comparison Study and Demographic Profiling of Patent Ownership and Its Impact on Commercialisation in Sri Lanka

Purpose: This study compares the demographic profiling of patent ownership in Sri Lanka with counterparts in other parts of the world. The study also seeks to understand the impact of patent ownership on patent commercial success as Sri Lanka is one of the few countries where a significant number of independent individuals are involved in the innovation process as inventors. Sri Lanka, as a country, struggles to make economic headway through the commercialisation of innovation. This factor of ownership could be an influencing factor for non-commercialisation. The study explores this aspect by comparing ownership between individual held patents with organisational patents on a national scale. The study also compares the findings with other similar global studies. Methodology: A sample of 220 respondents from a national sample comprising individual patent holders and organisational patent holders, including universities (IHL’s), Government Research Organizations (GRI’s) and commercial enterprises, was used in this cross-sectional study and analysed using SPSS version 21. The study uses descriptive statistics and Chai square analysis to address the research questions. The study is limited to patents granted between 2010 and 2014. Findings: The empirical findings confirm that ownership does influence the probability of commercialisation in favour of organisational ownership. The study also reveals a near equal match in demographic profiling with developed countries, indicating a mature inventor community. This finding draws policymakers’ attention to the support required for the most crucial stage of patent commercialisation. Research Implications/Limitation: The study contributes to comparing the demographic profiling of patent holders by ownership category, gender, education, experience, the propensity in the inventions, patent strength, and patent commercialisation with other global studies and helps benchmark the achievement of the SL patents in a global perspective. The limitation of the study is the period selected for analysis as the study setting is set relatively early in the stage of the country’s innovation policy development and should be replicated through the analysis of more recent patents. Originality: Despite the increased interest in patent studies and innovation, very few studies have provided empirical evidence that compares different patent ownership in a single study, especially in the context of an emerging country and the tracking of the patent commercial potential. Therefore, this study contributes to this body of knowledge and the findings valuable for patent holders and policymakers.

СТРУКТУРНОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ ИННОВАЦИЙ: СОСТАВ И ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ И МОНИТОРИНГА ИННОВАЦИЙ В ЭКОНОМИКЕ

The tasks of information and economic interaction of economic entities participating in the innovation process on any territory are formulated and implemented within the boundaries of the regional innovation system (RIS), which is a relatively independent element of a single national (federal) innovation system. Hence, a regional innovation system should be considered as a subsystem of a common – national system, integrated into a single innovation space. In turn, the regional innovation system also consists of three elements (micro-systems) – state, municipal and market. Each of these subsystems at the local level of management includes state and municipal, as well as private (market) commercial and non-commercial economic entities. Each of these subsystems at the local level of management includes state and municipal, as well as private (market) commercial and noncommercial economic entities. The development of relevant innovation policies in each region requires an analysis of the state of the innovative environment also on the basis of the general theoretical principles of systemality, complexity, normality, continuity, program-oriented orientation, adaptability and quantitative measurability. The article reveals the features of the functioning of regional innovation systems, describes the indicators and features that determine the specifics of each regional innovation system, considers the main methodological approaches and the corresponding general, special and private theoretical principles of the formation and functioning of regional innovation systems, reveals the essence and possibility of applying general theoretical principles and indicators of state statistical reporting to analyze the innovative position of regions.