Development Of Innovation Policy Research Articles

Transformation of Innovation Processes and Socio-Cultural Specificity of South Korea in the framework of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Purpose: the main purpose of this article is to explore the specific characteristics of the innovation development of South Korea. To achieve this goal the following tasks must be solved in the article: research the main principles and steps in the development of South Korea; identify and analyze the successful factors of the South Korean «economic miracle» that will continue contributing to the development and growth of the country; describe the cultural and organizational factors limiting the speed of transformation of South Korea under the fourth industrial revolution.Methods: the main methods of the research are system, structural and qualitative analyses. For the study, statistical data and articles in Russian and foreign scientific and analytical publications were used. The article is contributed with the empirical findings from the case study conducted during direct involvement of the authors in one of the industrial companies of South Korea.Results: an in-depth analyses of the transformation periods during the innovation development of South Korea was carried out, which made it possible to formulate the conclusion about existing barriers originated in the organisational approaches used to achieve the former industrial success. The problems constraining the new paradigm shift are analyzed.Conclusions and Relevance: the materials stated in the article show that in modern conditions, transition of South Korea towards Industry 4.0 is constrained by several unique factors, that used to be the key success elements in the former stages of the innovation development of the country. The research conducted in this article represents the value to the activities of various organizations interested in the innovation development, especially for development of innovation policies from the aspect of the importance of oranisational and cultural behavior at a national level. Practical application of the suggested conclusions allows hierarchical and monocultural organisations to transition to the Industry 4.0 with the consideration of important economic and social dynamics.

Beyond the ‘usual suspects’ – Alternative qualitative methods for innovation policy studies

In this paper we make three points about the current state and promising future directions of qualitative research in our field of innovation policy research. First, we argue that research design and methods are dealt with quite superficially in most innovation policy studies papers and journals providing little guidance to new scholars as to how to approach their research. Secondly we argue that when methods are discussed, it tends to be a narrow range of qualitative methods that are used – most commonly a case study approach drawing on interviews and document analysis. Thirdly, we suggest broadening our approach to contain more participatory and action-based research; these are suggested as ways to include more groups in the research design, increase the impact of our work and allow us a deeper understanding of the formulation and development of innovation policy as is possible. We do not argue that the old methods should be put aside but that new additional approaches could be considered to capture the essence of innovation policy formulation.

Creativity, informality and cultural work in Rio de Janeiro’s favelas

In the last decade, new policy initiatives emerged in Latin America as a response to the rise of a ‘creative turn’ in the global North. This article examines the impact of such turn on urban cultural policies for informal settlements in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, focusing on the case of ‘Favela Criativa’ – a governmental programme to support young people’s cultural and creative work across favelas. The analysis reveals that the programme has effectively widened the visibility of favelas’ cultural and creative work, increased financial public support and developed practical strategies for working with informality. However, it also raises questions about the extent to which this innovative policy development actually challenges prevalent managerial views of creativity guided by a market logic. The article demonstrates that a focus on informality as groundwork for political resistance in the city can expand our understanding of the creative economy beyond precarization, self-exploitation and individualization.

Evaluation of Canadian innovation policy: locating innovation policy among other policies

The objective of government innovation policy is to improve the living standards and prosperity of citizens through boosting innovation and productivity. In order to succeed, innovation policy needs to address the overall innovation climate, which goes beyond traditional science and technology policy, and utilise various economic and social policies. Specifically, the success of innovation policy depends on its relationship and coordination with other government economic and social policies. Considering the low performance of Canadian innovation policies in the past, this study reviews and evaluates the innovation policies of the Canadian federal government since 1963 with respect to the best practices suggested in the literature. The focus of the paper is whether the relationships between innovation policy and other economic and social policies are taken into account in the development of federal government innovation policies, and whether the government moves beyond science and technology policy in the design of innovation policy.

Evaluation of Canadian innovation policy: locating innovation policy among other policies

The objective of government innovation policy is to improve the living standards and prosperity of citizens through boosting innovation and productivity. In order to succeed, innovation policy needs to address the overall innovation climate, which goes beyond traditional science and technology policy, and utilise various economic and social policies. Specifically, the success of innovation policy depends on its relationship and coordination with other government economic and social policies. Considering the low performance of Canadian innovation policies in the past, this study reviews and evaluates the innovation policies of the Canadian federal government since 1963 with respect to the best practices suggested in the literature. The focus of the paper is whether the relationships between innovation policy and other economic and social policies are taken into account in the development of federal government innovation policies, and whether the government moves beyond science and technology policy in the design of innovation policy.

Exploring the determinants of mobile-based services diffusion: past determinants, emergent pattern and a proposed framework

Firstly, the purpose of this paper is to identify pivotal attributes that are the key determinants of diffusion of innovation in the context of mobile-based government services. Secondly, the paper draws-up the emergent pattern derived from the literature review. Thirdly, a framework is proposed enabling enhanced diffusion of mobile telephone-based initiatives for policy decisions. Apart from exploring the key determinants used in mobile adoption, in this study an attempt has been made to investigate theories, variables, frameworks, models and methodologies employed by the researchers in the past. A holistic view of mobile-based service diffusion research has emerged. One can use this research in policy making, strategising and finding the key to user acceptance of technology innovation in the mobile-based services diffusion. The research motivation is gaining deeper understanding and knowledge of the diffusion of innovation technologies such as mobile phones, mobile-based services diffusion. Building m-governance strategies, implementing innovative ideas, mobile and ICT policy development for the egovernance initiatives are also the key motivating factors.

Exploring the determinants of mobile-based services diffusion: past determinants, emergent pattern and a proposed framework

Firstly, the purpose of this paper is to identify pivotal attributes that are the key determinants of diffusion of innovation in the context of mobile-based government services. Secondly, the paper draws-up the emergent pattern derived from the literature review. Thirdly, a framework is proposed enabling enhanced diffusion of mobile telephone-based initiatives for policy decisions. Apart from exploring the key determinants used in mobile adoption, in this study an attempt has been made to investigate theories, variables, frameworks, models and methodologies employed by the researchers in the past. A holistic view of mobile-based service diffusion research has emerged. One can use this research in policy making, strategising and finding the key to user acceptance of technology innovation in the mobile-based services diffusion. The research motivation is gaining deeper understanding and knowledge of the diffusion of innovation technologies such as mobile phones, mobile-based services diffusion. Building m-governance strategies, implementing innovative ideas, mobile and ICT policy development for the egovernance initiatives are also the key motivating factors.

The Role of Innovative Entrepreneurship in the Economic Development of EU Member Countries

In the specialized literature, entrepreneurship has been acknowledged to have a salient role in driving innovation, economic growth, and welfare, in addition to its effect on job creation. Researchers have expressed different views about the relationship between economic development and entrepreneurship throughout time. It is also considered that innovation is a driving force in the economic development of nations. Therefore, innovative entrepreneurship started to be considered a key factor in modern economic development. For instance, SMEs and innovation lay at the core of the European Union’s development strategy - Europe 2020 strategy. The aim of the article is to analyze the role of innovative entrepreneurship in the economic development of EU member states. Taking into consideration that both processes: economic development and innovative entrepreneurship are multifaceted, the article comes to express the relationship between the two phenomena and its specifics in EU member countries. Given the nature of contemporary highlights of the literature review and the stated research objective, in this article, a model was tested that captures the new or young and innovative firms, as aspects of innovative entrepreneurship and determinants of the economic growth rates. The research method used is regression model analysis. For the statistical data analysis and processing, Stata and SPSS software tools were used. The key findings of the paper show that innovative entrepreneurs (being measured by the Total Early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) innovation level) are more present in countries with higher development levels and higher incomes, being motivated by the improvement opportunity they see in becoming entrepreneurs. However, a higher degree of entrepreneurship, especially new firms’ creation, does not substantially contribute to accelerated economic development. This is explained by the variation in the motivation (necessity or improvement oriented) entrepreneurs across EU countries. In the developed countries, the entrepreneurs are most likely to be the Schumpeterian type, while in developing countries most of them are shopkeepers. Consequently, it is clear that EU member countries need friendlier and more efficient new firms’ creation policies, as well as SME supporting tools. The paper has significant practical implications for decision and policy-making authorities in terms of possible directions for innovative entrepreneurship policy development.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF POTENTIAL OF VINNYTSK REGION

The article analyzes the systematic strategy of transition of rural territories to the ecologically friendly way of development and production of organic agricultural products, which will solve a number of acute socio-economic and environmental problems and is one of the most difficult stages of reforms in Ukraine. The essence of the ecological mechanism, which is a set of tools, the ultimate goal of which is the achievement of positive results in the environmental sphere, is disclosed. Attention is drawn to the fact that in some regions about 250 kinds of various wastes are produced. It is determined that the presence of different types of productions in the region causes the diversity of qualitative composition of wastes. It is stressed that at the expense of the regional fund of environmental protection in the region a number of environmental protection measures are being implemented, for which the regional budget is planning to allocate 115.2 million UAH. According to the data of the Main Directorate of Statistics in Vinnytsia region, it was investigated that in 2017 Trostyanets district is showed the largest indicator of waste generation, which was 26651.0 tons, Orativ district ranked second, with the total amount of wastes 14313.8 tons, the third – Khmilnyk district, the amount of waste in which equals to 10386.5 tons. A detailed analysis of waste management in Vinnytsia region in 2017 shows that the largest amount of waste utilization was carried out in Kryzhopil district, the total amount of which was 156613.5 tons. It is emphasized that the funds of the Environmental Fund are aimed at implementing the following 69 measures, among which: - treatment of solid household and chemical wastes – 28 projects worth 36.6 mln; - preservation of nature reserve fund (parks) – 4 projects in the amount of UAH 1.0 million; - preservation of water reservoirs and rivers – 12 projects in the amount of UAH 9.7 million; - completion of re-stocking and storage of unsuitable pesticides – 1 measure in the amount of 0.1 million UAH; - measures related to the technogenic situation in the regions (sewage treatment facilities and sewage networks) – 14 projects worth 42.4 mln; - wildlife preservation – 3 projects for UAH 1.0 million; - other – 7 projects worth 24.4 mln. SWOT analysis was carried out – the establishment of key interconnections between the strengths and weaknesses of the parties with potential and threats of further development of the Vinnytsia region. Strategic objectives of environmental safety of Vinnytsia region are determined depending on the mutual influence of individual factors of the external and internal environment. Conclusions are made that it is necessary to raise the level of ecological awareness of the society; to carry out measures on ensuring environmental safety and reducing the technogenic load on the environment. It is determined that the strong sides of the region are the presence of significant reserves of mineral raw materials, fertile agricultural land, the absence of powerful environmental pollutants and ecological districts. The weak side of Vinnytsia region is the insufficient dynamics of growth of small and medium business. On the base of the SWOT analysis, it was determined that among the key problems in the development of Vinnytsia region that impede the harmonious development of the region is the lack of development of innovation policy and, as a result, the lack of innovation infrastructure, the insufficient use of scientific, technological and production potential available in the region.

Innovative development of the region through the formation of a technological cluster

The issues of creation and functioning of technology parks, the development of innovative policies of the state, the problems of implementing innovative projects in the construction industry are discussed in the paper. Some statistical data reflecting the degree of development of this form of stimulating society to innovative development are presented. The author gives recommendations to facilitate the process of transferring the construction industry to an innovative path of development, as well as solving a number of emerging economic problems.

Innovation, technologies, participation: new paradigms towards a 2.0 citizenship

The spread of information and communications technologies (ICT) and mobile devices is changing the relationship among citizenship and urban spaces. The use of the internet allows communities - either real or virtual ones - to produce an increasing amount of data about cities and their life. These assumptions were the basement for the Urban Laboratory in Innovation, a workshop held in Potenza (Southern Italy), in which experts and researchers asked a group of volunteers to analyse life in public spaces of a neighbourhood and point out insights for its regeneration. This experience shows how social network and VGI are useful tools for the development of innovative policies, e-democracy and participation to decision-making processes. Nevertheless, even when specific tools are implemented to favour the inclusion of citizens into the policy-making processes, traditional participatory and design approaches are still a valuable instrument to synthesise their requirements and effectively support the development of site-specific urban planning tools.

Peculiarities of Development of Innovative Enterprises in Kazakhstan

In modern conditions of development of the national economy, one of the main priorities, for an increasingly conscious Kazakhstan society, is the need to follow the course of innovation policy, since the level of competitiveness of domestic enterprises depends on innovative activity in the scale of the global economy, the share in different types of markets and the effectiveness of innovation. In this article, a literature review of domestic and foreign reseach is conducted, which carried out the regularities and the features of the development of innovation and innovation action, including the Republic of Kazakhstan. As a result of the conducted study, the theoretical and the methodological aspects of researching the development of innovation policy are systematized, on the basis of which the corresponding conclusions are drawn.

Gender and innovation policy in Canada and Sweden

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a comparative case study of national innovation system in Canada and Sweden from the perspective of gender equality. The case study focuses on public policy to illuminate the formal aspects of innovation systems as they are conceived by the state in relation to gender, diversity and social inclusion. Formal policy measures are contrasted with interview data to provide a holistic picture of innovation policy as it relates to gender equality in both countries.Design/methodology/approachThis paper relies on data from 44 qualitative interviews with innovation leaders in the public sector, private sector and academia in Canada and Sweden, as well as a sample of innovation and gender experts at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), in Paris, France, between 2012 and 2014. The theoretical framework draws on feminist institutionalism to explain the gendered interactions of institutions in innovation spaces.FindingsThis study finds that Sweden is a global policy leader in the development of gender-conscious innovation policy, while Canada has yet to consider a gender-conscious approach to innovation policy. Gender-conscious innovation policy norms have not traveled across the OECD because of administrative solos and political opportunity structures.Research/limitations implicationsEach of the people contacted to sit for an interview was chosen primarily on their professional title and their ability to speak from a place of knowledge about innovation in their country and or industry, and this creates a success bias within the study focusing on the knowledge of elites in the field.Practical implicationsThis study explores how policy might be reimagined to support gender equality and diversity, thus changing the institutional landscape to support a wider range of innovations and distributing the benefits of innovation in a more equitable way.Social implicationsThis paper challenges assumptions about the social and economic power dynamics reflected in current innovation systems in Canada and Sweden.Originality/valueThis is the first study of its kind in comparative public policy to explore differences in gender equality and innovation policy in Canada and Sweden. This research also contributes more widely to the existing body of gender, public policy and innovation literatures in Canada and Sweden, respectively.

Mobilizing innovation for sustainability transitions: A comment on transformative innovation policy

The topics addressed in this paper concern the (much-needed) transition to sustainability and what role (innovation) policy can play in speeding up such changes. In their Discussion Paper Schot and Steinmueller (2018) argue that the existing theorizing and knowledge bases within the field of innovation studies are “unfit” for this task and that a totally new approach is required. This paper takes issue with this claim. Policy advice, it is argued, needs to be anchored in the accumulated research on the issue at hand, in this case, innovation. The paper therefore starts by distilling some important insights on innovation from the accumulated research on this topic and, with this in mind, considers various policy approaches that have been suggested for influencing innovation and sustainability transitions. Finally, the lessons for the development and implementation of transformative innovation policy are considered. It is concluded that the existing theorizing and knowledge base in innovation studies may be of great relevance when designing policies for dealing with climate change and sustainability transitions.

Promoting alignment between innovation policy and inclusive development in South Africa

ABSTRACTInnovation for inclusive development (IID) is widely promoted as a policy objective in the global South, but the challenge is that there is little design and implementation of context-appropriate instruments and incentives. One critical foundation is network alignment – that innovation policy should be aligned with the goals and strategies of government departments responsible for promoting inclusive development (Von Tunzelmann, N, 2007. Approaching network alignment. Draft Paper for the U-Know Consortium: Understanding the relationship between knowledge and competitiveness in the enlarging European Union). The paper contributes by using qualitative analysis software to analyse the nature of shared policy goals and instruments in South Africa, and assess how these can be aligned with each other and with the goals of IID. Three main spaces for policy intervention are identified, to promote IID in a way that goes beyond the aspirational and the rhetorical. Such analysis of formal policy does not take into account the political will, capabilities and resources for implementation, but it does provide a systematic evidence base to effect strategic change.

Institutional Environment, Cluster Development and Innovative Financing Constraints——an Empirical Study Based on Listed Companies in China’s New Materials

This paper takes a sample of a listed company in China’s new materials industry as an example to empirically analyze the impact of external institutional environment and the development of internal enterprise clustering on the innovation and financing constraints of an enterprise. The study finds that the higher the degree of cluster development, the stronger the enterprise’s ability to innovate, and the lower the level of innovative financing constraints; in areas where the marketization process is low, the level of government intervention is high, and the environment of the rule of law is poor, the firm’s innovative financing constraints are lower, and Private companies’ innovation financing constraints are generally higher than state-owned enterprises. The conclusions of the study provide empirical evidence for the improvement of independent innovation capabilities in strategic emerging industries and the development of innovative financing policies.

From ‘Techniums’ to ‘emptiums’: the failure of a flagship innovation policy in Wales

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the use of European Union Structural Funds to support the development of innovation policy within Wales during the period 2000–06. Drawing on data from the Welsh government and interviews with key stakeholders, it focuses specifically on the Technium programme, a high-profile technology-based innovation intervention that took a predominantly supply-side approach to supporting innovation, resulting in its eventual failure. Consistent within this is an analysis of the efficacy of supply-side policies using European Union funds to support research and development activities to aid economic growth in peripheral, weaker regions.

Influencing the direction of innovation processes: the shadow of authorities in demand articulation

This article aims to contribute to the development of demand-based innovation policies by examining the role of regulatory authorities in the process of formulating demands and requirements for novel technologies in three specific cases of emerging sensor technologies. We make two contributions. First, we conceptualize the different ways in which authorities may be involved in demand articulation processes during the innovation journey. We suggest four potential roles for regulatory actors: ‘following authority’, ‘forceful authority’, ‘co-creating authority’ and ‘shadow authority’. Second, we show how regulatory authorities in their role of ‘shadow authority’ influence demand articulation processes even if they are not immediately engaged. In early phases of the innovation journey, regulatory agencies may not be directly involved, but suppliers and potential users of technologies anticipate authorities’ positions and actions. In conclusion, we discuss the situations in which the involvement of regulatory authorities can support the process and guide the direction of demand articulation.

Building an innovation system and indigenous knowledge in Namibia

Namibia, like many southern African countries, aims to become a knowledge-based society with a well-established innovation system (IS). Development based on knowledge and innovation reduces poverty and inequality, even if this causality is also contested. In this study, we analyzed the development of an IS in Namibia with a particular focus on indigenous knowledge (IK). Embedding IK in innovation policies is often seen as an opportunity to adjust the general concept of ISs to local contexts and practices and include bottom-up approaches in policies. In Namibia, the establishment of key institutions and strategies for an IS is supported by international development aid. In operational IS practices, the focus is on a science-technology-innovation mode of learning that requires high analytical knowledge and a well-functioning IS – which are rare in Namibia. The results of our study reveal that the doing-using-interacting mode of learning and IK create comparative advantages and provide ability for positive societal change in the local communities. However, despite high expectations, the practical outcomes of innovations based on IK are limited. Nevertheless, beyond its economic value, IK is important for developing countries’ innovation policy development, as it can facilitate the participatory processes of local communities in the establishment of ISs.

Where No Man Has Gone Before: The Future of Sustainable Development in the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement and New Generation Free Trade Agreements

Where No Man Has Gone Before: The Future of Sustainable Development in the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement and New Generation Free Trade Agreements