Innovation Clusters Research Articles

Innovation configurations in sport clusters: The role of interorganizational citizenship and social capital

Innovation plays a central role in the sports sector. However, delivering innovative solutions is increasingly becoming a network-level phenomenon, reinforcing the need to understand the network-level dynamics. This research explores this phenomenon by building on two complementary theoretical foundations: interorganizational citizenship behavior (ICB) and social capital. The research aims to understand how different configurations of dimensions of social capital and interorganizational citizenship behavior facilitate product and process innovation. The research uses data from a horse industry cluster in France and applies fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), a method developed explicitly for configurational analysis. The results unveil a series of configurations leading to both product and process innovation. The findings show that the different dimensions of ICB and social capital have both positive and negative impacts on innovation. Moreover, the results chart multiple paths to innovation and highlight differences between product and process innovation in sports clusters.

ROLE OF STATE IN THE PROCESS OF CREATION AND SUPPORT OF INNOVATIVE CLUSTERS

In the article a question is considered in relation to the role of the state in creation and support of innovative clusters . Clusters as integrated formations of enterprises are the global phenomenon. They behave to the variety of network structures and differ in the presence of innovative constituent, that allows to adapt to the changes in a changeable competition environment. The processes of their creation and functioning pass in regional institutional environments and need attention and support of regional power. One of forms of this support there are mechanisms of state-private partnership. It is well-proven that conceptually cluster politics is a major instrument of technological reengineering of productive base of domestic enterprises. She can be effective at the observance of certain principles. Their essence and directions of action are considered. Forming of competition production and realization of the programs of technological reengineering depends on the select model of industrial politics. This politics must take into account the historical features of development and current situation. In today's Ukraine such politics has situation and conjuncture character, directly depends on dominant in the country of public and economic ideology, formed on the basis of permanent informal mutual relations and rules of behavior between the state, business and society, that, accordingly, determines aims, general strategy and specific of tool of development of industry. At development of models of effective industrial politics in Ukraine it follows to take into account the row of existent organizationally-administrative and institutional limitations. Ignoring of priority of industrial development on the modern stage creates an economic danger.

Shaping Students' Spiritual Worldviews Through Fine Arts

The article explains the problems of the current era of globalization, the importance of developing creative qualities in students through the fine arts within the innovative cluster of pedagogical education, the formation of a spiritual worldview in the "teacher-student" system. At the same time, it deals with the issues of cultivating the spiritual worldview of students, which is an integral component of ensuring continuity and continuity in education.

The development of Indonesian seaweed based on innovation cluster model

In 2018, Indonesian production of the seaweeds Eucheuma cottonii and Gracilaria sp. reached 11.08 million tons and 1.55 million tons, respectively. However, the economic value obtained is low, as 85% of the production is still exported as a raw material. The remainder is exported as semi-refined materials, i.e. ATC chips and semi refined carrageenan (SRC), with very little refined carrageenan. There are no companies processing seaweed into end products where seaweed is the main raw material, such as in the food industry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, etc. The supply chain from upstream (aquaculture) to intermediate (intermediate products) and downstream industries is not efficient in Indonesia, because almost all intermediate and downstream industries are concentrated in big cities like Jakarta and Surabaya while the bulk of the upstream industry is spread across large expanses of eastern Indonesia. As a result, the bargaining position for upstream products produced by farmers is weak. All of these problems are expected to be minimized by referring to a holistic work plan through Seaweed Innovation Clusters, enhancing communication and collaborative collaboration of Quadruple-Helix ABGC (Academic, Business, Government and Community) and other supporting elements as the main pillar of the innovation cluster. With this synergy, added value, and business continuity, the role of seaweed in raising regional competitiveness can be improved.

STRATEGY OF THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN INNOVATIVE AGROINDUSTRIAL CLUSTER OF THE REGION IN A CONTEXT OF DECENTRALIZATION OF THE AUTHORITATIVE POWERS

Abstract. A research method of determining the clustering potential of the industrial complex of the region is proposed within the article. The main objective of the research is the development of a strategy of the formation and development of an innovative agroindustrial cluster of the region in the setting of decentralization of authoritative powers. In modern economic conditions, the search and application of new, adequate approaches to innovative development of agroindustrial enterprises is reasonably required. It is proved that the most significant form of the implementation of the agroindustrial enterprise potential is innovative clusters, which should be considered as economic subjects concentrated and technologically related on the geographical grounds and technologically new ones, which form territorial production complexes on a specific territory. It is substantiated that the policy of decentralization of authoritative powers is a significant catalyst for the cluster development, especially the agroindustrial production and economic recovery of many rural areas. This article studies the objective of intensification of the formation processed of innovative agroindustrial clusters in the regions of Ukraine. The block diagram showing the result estimation of clustering development of innovative agroindustrial enterprises of the region is proposed. A conceptual model of formation and development of innovative agroindustrial cluster of the region, which is based on structural modernization of economic space, solution of economic, social and ecological problems due to effective use of available areal resources, is developed. Keywords: cluster, innovation, agroindustrial enterprises, agroindustrial cluster of agroindustrial complex, decentralization, production core, innovative core. JEL Classification R00, R11 Formulas: 7; fig.: 2; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 12.

Management of the innovative economy in the context of the sustainable development trend in the framework of the institutional matrix clusterization model in adaptive human resource management, digitalization of the agriculture and food sphere, adaptation

The article aims to study the management of the innovative economy in the context of sustainable development within an institutional and matrix clusterization model in the context of adaptive human resource management, the digitalization of the agricultural and food sphere and adaptation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. The following special methods of scientific cognition were used in the research process: historical-logical method; method of systematization, classification and theoretical generalization; method of institutional analysis; method of system analysis; method of logical analysis and synthesis; method of graphic analysis. Results. The evolution of the effect of collaboration and achievement of synergy within clusters under different types of economic systems has been determined. It is shown that in a post-industrial economy there is a very strong effect of intra-cluster collaboration, which is due to the dominance of a super competitive environment and mutually beneficial cooperation between government, business and science. The formation of institutional and matrix clusterization in the system of the innovation economy is proposed. It is shown that the effectiveness of institutional and matrix clusterization is ensured by a high degree of its stakeholder communicativeness. Practical contribution. The directions and ways of development of clustering of innovative entrepreneurship, combining the characteristics of effective network cooperation with the participation of large leading enterprises in the form of cluster models "wheel and spokes", "satellite" cluster, provide an opportunity to plan at the macro, meso and micro levels innovation clusters taking into account the strategic priorities of economic development. Prospects for further research. Technological, human, material and information exchange with the changing external environment is constantly taking place in the innovation cluster. Such environment is characterized by a set of economic entities with which innovation, material and information interchange (innovation, products, personnel, services, finance, marketing communications, etc.) takes place constantly. The main feature of institutional and matrix clusterization is the emergence of synergistic effect and, as a consequence, the formation of mutually beneficial cooperation in the network system.

Flocking to the crowd: Cultural entrepreneur mobility guided by homophily, market size, or amenities?

Economic activity and innovation clusters in urban areas. Urban economics points to important knowledge and productivity spillovers in cities, in addition to other factors like thicker markets, lower transportation costs, and consumptive amenities. Yet thus far little work has analyzed how these different factors drive migration decisions of arts-related entrepreneurs, especially when they work in online platforms for fundraising. We use data on the largest US crowdfunding platform to identify relocating creators, allowing us to identify which kinds of regions are attracting and retaining more of this sort of talent. We test for the influence of clustering based on homophily, migration to larger markets, and relocation toward particular geographic amenities. Overall we find the strongest evidence for homophily and some distinct tendencies favoring certain regional amenities. Importantly, we both identify general relocation patterns among crowdfunding creatives and break down the attracting features for different types of creators. An examination of (net) migration by different categories of projects, such as musicians or filmmakers, reveals important heterogeneity in the attractors. For example, musicians are drawn stronger music sectors, while writers seek more isolation from other writers. This helps inform the interregional competition for talent and “creative class,” especially among a group of relatively footloose arts- and culture-intensive entrepreneurs.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Agglomeration of technology innovation network of new energy automobile industry based on IoT and artificial intelligence

We have entered the era of big data. Traditional B2C monitoring platforms are far from being able to meet the needs of existing users, and transmission costs will create invisible pressure. Data are the intangible assets of new energy vehicle companies. With the increase in user usage and the accumulation of data, more and more people have begun to discuss how to monitor the operation of data to provide effective data for operators and end users of new energy vehicles. From the perspective of cluster technology, the impact of industrial innovation and various aspects of industrial innovation are explained in detail. The technological innovation process of clusters and industrial clusters is complex system engineering. Under the conditions of the result of interaction, various elements of industrial clusters are formed in a specific social and economic environment to promote interaction. Second, from saving transaction costs to facing the internal mechanism of industrial cluster technological innovation, theoretically analyze the industrial value chain of knowledge sharing, supplementary assets and industrial cluster knowledge, and then analyze from the industrial cluster innovation. The technological innovation mechanism in this paper is the network structure, application mechanism and functional mechanism of the industrial cluster innovation network. Based on game theory, through the establishment of a microeconomic model to analyze the internal mechanism of the ripple effect and integration effect under technological innovation, and verify it by measuring the ripple effect, integration effect and technological innovation of the internal mechanism.

The role of innovation clusters in Russia for investment attractiveness development and activation of foreign economic integration

The role of innovation clusters in Russia for investment attractiveness development and activation of foreign economic integration

Multi-chronological hierarchical clustering to solve capacity expansion problems with renewable sources

Renewable sources are increasing their presence in power systems to achieve the goal of decarbonizing the generation of electricity. However, the variability of these resources introduces high uncertainty in the operation of a power system and, hence, fast generating and storage units must be incorporated in the system. To obtain economically and technically efficient solutions in the capacity expansion problem, an adequate representation of the variability of the renewable resource is crucial, but this may increase the size of the problem up to computational intractability. The most suitable representation is often selected through clustering techniques. The clustering algorithms proposed in the literature suffer from a significant trade-off between their ability to capture the inter-temporal correlation of the clustered elements and the representativeness of the clusters when only very few are needed. This paper proposes an innovative clustering technique that overcomes this trade-off. A case study based on the European power system is solved. The outcomes given by the new clustering algorithm and other well-known techniques are investigated through in-sample and out-of-sample analyses applied to multiple cases that differ in to the number of clusters and the minimum renewable production.

Разработка концептуальной модели системы управления интеллектуальным капиталом инновационно-промышленного кластера в условиях цифровизации

Modern science has not yet developed unified understanding of the organizational and economic mechanism of management, and the existing ideas are being changed under the influence of digitalization. Digitalization and complexity of socio-economic relations stipulate the greatest competitiveness in the industrial sectors of the economy by clusters of economic entities operating on the principles of cooperation and collaboration (innovation and industrial clusters). The developing digital technologies in modern society contribute to the raise of intellectual capital, which becomes the basis for the effective functioning of innovation and industrial clusters. A conceptual model of the intellectual capital management system of an innovation and industrial cluster is being studied. There has been developed a terminological matrix of the organizational and economic management mechanism. Based on the matrix, a graph of the frequency of using definitions has been formed. The analysis of this graph allowed to propose a conceptual model of the intellectual capital management system of an innovation and industrial cluster in the context of digitalization. The specific feature of the conceptual model of management of intellectual capital innovation and industrial cluster is considering such input parameters of the system as the level of scientific and technical progress and unstructured amount of information, processing of which is only possible using digital technologies. Further development of an organizational and economic mechanism for managing the intellectual capital of an innovation and industrial cluster in the context of digitalization is possible.

Методологія оцінки ефективності діяльності науково-інноваційних кластерів

The purpose of the article is to analyze the existing methodological approaches to assessing the activities of corporate cluster structures of various types and to select criteria for assessing the activities of interregional research centers of the NAAS, as cluster formations. Research methods. General scientific methods of empirical knowledge were applied: monographic and comparison, with the help of which an understanding of various methods of assessing clustering processes and the degree of implementation of integration initiatives was achieved, individual levels of cluster development were discovered and compared, changes in theoretical approaches to assessing their activities were revealed, trends in the development of scientific thoughts about this; also used cognitive comparison and description operations; according to the method of analysis, the optimal methods for assessing the effectiveness of cluster scientific unions have been identified; the synthesis method provided an opportunity to integrate approaches and propose a methodology for determining the level of efficiency of a scientific and innovative association; using a systematic approach, the influence of internal and external factors on the performance of cluster entities and their individual participants in a competitive environment was studied; abstraction made it possible to move away from a number of stereotypes regarding the definition of acceptable criteria for assessing the results of cluster activities and to highlight their essential characteristics, which is the basis of the model for the indicative assessment of the integration of scientific and innovative associations. Research results. A number of different theoretical approaches to determining the effectiveness of the activity of cluster structures are disclosed. It has been established that, in particular, their activities are assessed depending on the object of research or on the potential benefits of integration, while taking into account macro- and microeconomic indicators that characterize the impact of the cluster on society. The analysis and synthesis of currently known individual methods provided an opportunity to propose criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the functioning of “interregional research centers of the NAAS, maximally reflect the degree of implementation of those aspects of integration that ensure the economic efficiency of interaction of all subjects of cluster education and at the same time open up prospects for further research to determine the fair score and weighting factors for each of the proposed indicators. Scientific novelty. A system of complex indicative indicators is proposed for assessing the activities of a scientific and innovative cluster, which reflect the essential characteristics of the implementation of integration initiatives in the agricultural sector. Practical significance. The developed proposals for determining the effectiveness of the functioning of the scientific and innovative cluster can be used to assess the results of the activities of the interregional scientific centers of the NAAS. Refs.: 23.

Knowledge exchange and innovation in clusters: a dynamic social network analysis

ABSTRACT Innovation is deeply rooted in clusters and is strongly related to knowledge exchanges. In literature, scholars have started suggesting that innovation rates are expected to be higher in dynamic networks, where there is variation in roles and knowledge exchanges. This paper contributes to this debate by studying the correlation between knowledge exchange and innovation at the cluster level, with a dynamic view. Using dynamic social network analysis as a methodological approach and the literature on Collaborative Innovation Networks (COINs) and knowledge exchanges as the theoretical framework, we investigated how varying over time cluster members’ leadership role and contribution in the flow of knowledge benefit cluster-level innovation. We relied on data collected from a collaborative cluster-based platform, focusing on technological knowledge exchanges. Our findings indicate that there is a strong positive correlation between rotating leadership and innovation as well as between rotating contribution and innovation.

Методичний підхід до вибору варіантів забезпечення конкурентоспроможності підприємств у системі розвитку агрокластерів

Мета. Метою виконаного дослідження є удосконалення методичного підходу до вибору варіантів забезпечення конкурентоспроможності підприємств у системі розвитку агрокластерів. Для досягнення цієї мети ідентифіковано факторні й результативні показники, на основі яких ухвалюватиметься рішення про прийнятність варіанта забезпечення конкурентоспроможності підприємства; конкретизовано критерії задоволення значень факторних і результативних показників; формалізовано задачу вибору оптимального варіанта забезпечення конкурентоспроможності підприємства.
 Методологія / методика / підхід. Під час виконаного дослідження застосовано методи систематизації та індукції для критичного аналізу проблеми вибору варіантів забезпечення конкурентоспроможності підприємств у системі розвитку агрокластерів. Для формалізації задачі вибору оптимального варіанта забезпечення конкурентоспроможності підприємства застосовано інструментарій дискретної математики та положення теорії формування інвестиційних портфелів. Для демонстрування прикладу застосування запропонованого методичного підходу до вибору варіантів забезпечення конкурентоспроможності підприємств у системі розвитку агрокластерів застосовано метод експертних оцінок. Вихідні експертні дані отримано на основі опитування керівників кластерів, які є учасниками Української національної технічної платформи «Агротехнічна платформа».
 Результати. Обґрунтовано, що рішення про прийнятність варіанта забезпечення конкурентоспроможності підприємства в системі розвитку інноваційного кластера доцільно ухвалювати на основі урахування очікуваного прибутку підприємства та обсягу витрат коштів і часу, які необхідні для його отримання. Аргументовано, що рішення про оптимальний варіант забезпечення конкурентоспроможності підприємств необхідно приймати, враховуючи критеріальні значення, які можуть бути встановлені у певному діапазоні або задані, як максимальне або мінімальне значення. Доведено, що вибір найкращого варіанта забезпечення конкурентоспроможності підприємства можна звести до задачі пошуку оптимального розподілу інвестиційних ресурсів, спрямованих на забезпечення конкурентоспроможності підприємств у системі розвитку агрокластерів. 
 Оригінальність / наукова новизна. Удосконалено методичний підхід до вибору варіанта забезпечення конкурентоспроможності підприємства в системі розвитку агрокластера, який базується на застосуванні інструментарію дискретної математики та положень теорії формування інвестиційних портфелів, і, на відміну від існуючих, дозволяє поєднувати альтернативи, за якими може відбуватись забезпечення конкурентоспроможності підприємства на будь-якому етапі його розвитку в системі агрокластера. Запропонований методичний підхід надає можливість оптимізувати розподіл інвестиційних ресурсів так, щоб прийняті рішення забезпечували очікуваний рівень конкурентоспроможності підприємства.
 Практична цінність / значущість. Ураховуючи те, що на цей момент часу в Україні функціонують десятки агрокластерів, у межах яких функціонують сотні підприємств малого та середнього бізнесу, то очевидно, що фокус-група користувачів запропонованого методу є досить значною. Практична цінність застосування цього методичного підходу полягає в можливості його використання підприємствами під час прийняття інвестиційних рішень, формування стратегії розвитку, розроблення тактичних моделей поведінки в періоди загострення конкуренції.

РОЛЬ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ КЛАСТЕРІВ В ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ КРАЇНИ

The complication of the general economic situation in the world in recent years has clearly shown that weak countries that haven’t developed industrial policies are unable to cope with the economic growth challenges, and therefore become even poorer. The modern technological diversity basis of the national economy is using of the 3rd and 4th technological systems. Modern science-intensive output is extremely low, which should also be considered as one of the command-administrative economy consequences, which is inefficiency or lack of marketing research in enterprises and as a consequence of low adaptation of their marketing strategies to changes in consumer requirements for product characteristics. In conclusion, Ukraine is also becoming poorer because it neglects its industry and its most high-tech sectors. That is why it is appropriate to say that in Ukraine it is expedient to ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL ECONOMY Issue I (81), 2021 55 create and develop not just clusters - whose activities will be aimed at optimizing production and marketing of economic processes entities of a particular economy sector, but to create and develop innovative clusters that are especially relevant for Ukrainian industry, as they will ensure the constant production and systematic improvement of hightech products. Therefore, the positive point is the growth of small and medium business activity and its consolidation around regional challenges through the revival of a traditional and powerful tool of regional development through innovation clusters. The differences between concepts of cluster and innovation cluster are consider in the article. The effectiveness of the innovation cluster impact on the country's economy, which is manifested in the possibility of market expansion; concentration of economic activity; formation of competitive advantages and increasing the competitiveness of the business sector; creation of additional value chains. The shortcomings of clustering are also analyzed, where the author highlights: corruption in government agencies, technological backwardness of Ukraine, the business climate low quality, the concept of “clustering”, the psychological unwillingness to cooperate. The development of the main innovation clusters of Ukrainian industry is analyzed. Their role and peculiarities of formation in modern realities are studied. Since a successful innovation cluster basis is the development of innovations in the regions are analyzed the regional economic strategies, of the regions where innovative industrial clusters have been created for the subject of "industrial high-tech". Given the today's Ukrainian economy realities, the study made it possible to prove the need of creating innovative clusters in Ukrainian industry. Improving the entrepreneurship competitiveness at all levels, creating additional value chains, concentrating economic activity, generating collective efficiency, and introducing innovative technologies into industry are just some of the positive changes provided by clustering.

"Green" Economy: Realities and Prospects in Agriculture in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The issues of "green" economy as a paradigm for the development of agricultural sector of the country's economy is analyzed. The main elements of the transition to ecosystems are summarized: price regulation in accordance with the basic principles of sustainable development of rural areas; reforming and developing an "ecological" tax system; sustainable public investments and their increase in natural capital; socially oriented strategies. The ways of implementing the concept of "green" economy: general economic and technological are shown. The main objectives of its development as significantly reducing the adverse impact on the environment and risks of environmental degradation are determined, as well as the possibilities and prerequisites for expanding its sphere in agriculture of the republic. It is noted that several projects have already been implemented in Kazakhstan that fully meet environmental criteria. It is indicated that in rural areas there are necessary conditions for production process of organic products. Data on organic producers of the Republic of Kazakhstan and other types of operators in the world are presented. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the ultimate goal of green economy is to create living conditions that optimize the interaction of its financial, environmental and social components, the relationship with the most advanced agricultural enterprises, the development of environmental management support programs that stimulate the formation of innovative networks and cluster structures in rural areas. The main principle of "green" economy is the expansion of organic agriculture sector, introduction of certificates for environmentally friendly products and increase in their exports.

A Case Study in Developing Creative and Innovative Cluster Model through the Integration of Universities, Governmental Organizations, and Private Sectors in Japan

A Case Study in Developing Creative and Innovative Cluster Model through the Integration of Universities, Governmental Organizations, and Private Sectors in Japan

ON THE FAILURE AND SYSTEMIC RISK OF INNOVATION CLUSTER: COPULA APPROACH

In order to assess and parameterize the risk of innovation activity implemented by innovation clusters, it is necessary to determine the reliable tools of measuring of systemic risk. Purpose – to propose an adequate approach to evaluate the systemic risk with regard to the impact of interlinkages between cluster entities and other external factors. Research methodology – general overview of research papers and documents presenting concepts and methodologies of evaluation of systemic risk and performance of networked structures as approach to evaluate the systemic risk with regard to the impact of interlinkages between cluster entities and other external factors, applied research. Findings – it is suggested to develop the further parameterization of intensity. Modelling of the tail dependence and asymmetric dependence between pairs of networked positions remains an important task. Research limitations – the lack of information concerning the structure and types of interactions and relationship between the members of innovation cluster. There are made some additional assumptions related to reduced-form approach of credit risk modelling. Practical implications – proposed conceptual model of evaluation of systemic risk should be useful for understanding and further treatment of measuring risk in a case of innovation management. Originality/Value – the concept of the measuring the systemic risk in innovation cluster as a joint probability of correlated failure of commercialization of innovative activity results is proposed and analysed in this paper.

THE PHENOMENON OF THE LEADERSHIP OF THE WORLD COUNTRIES IN THE MARKET HIGH TECHNOLOGIES

In today’s globalized world, the level of technological development and innovation of the state is one of the main indicators of its competitiveness in the international arena. The country’s participation in the exchange of high technologies determines its success in world trade, as well as the profitability of national companies. For the state as a whole, knowledge-intensive technologies are a determining factor of economic development, the main source of replenishment of budget funds and a fundamental basis for ensuring its national security. Undoubtedly, international trade in high technologies is the most important factor in the country’s involvement in integration processes. Currently, a significant role in this process is played by innovation structures – various technology parks, innovation clusters, whose activities are aimed at developing and implementing new technologies. The latter become an important impetus for further globalization of world economic relations. The creation of a high-tech product and the corresponding integration of a state into the world market of high technologies determines its place and role in the modern system of international economic relations. The article examines the preconditions and current trends of the phenomenon of technological leadership of developed countries, which is explained by the massive redistribution of resources in the production chains of the new technological way with the simultaneous spread of relevant social and institutional innovations. The reasons for China’s technological breakthrough, which are due to financial assistance from the state through the creation of various funds to stimulate the development of high technology, are analyzed. It can exercise its leadership only in cooperation with existing global players in the high-tech market in conditions of open competition. The consequences of technological leadership of the USA, Germany, France and other leading countries in the market of high-tech products are revealed. State strategies for the development of high technologies support not only individual technologies, but also aimed at solving environmental problems, effective health care, increasing the mobility of factors of production. The potential economic effect of the introduction of new technologies by all actors in the world economy is shown.

State impact on innovative development of business structures

The article considers the issues of development of business structures in Russia in the conditions of transition to a new technological order through innovative development and modernization of the economy. The author defines the key problems of functioning of innovative development institutions in Russia according to their sources and key functions of the state in creating an innovative and entrepreneurial environment. The features of the regional component of the national innovation system are revealed and the role of small and mediumsized businesses in the development of regional clusters is reflected. Special attention is given to the successful functioning of innovative clusters and the important role of small innovative enterprises as a link between the leading enterprise and the research environment.