Innovation In Small Enterprises Research Articles

Model for Small Enterprises Innovation on Climate Change and Tourism Industry: Learning from the Traditional Weaving Industry in Sumba

Purpose: This research aims to provide an overview of the adaptation strategy of production process innovation in the small-scale weaving industry in Sumba Island, Indonesia. The research is used to address climate change, and also relevant to the context of the tourism industry in the region.
 
 Theoretical framework: All business organizations face various risks that might arise from changes in the external macro and micro environment. One of the significant changes in the external macro-environment is climate change. Climate change and its derivative impacts on business activities need to be managed properly by adapting innovations in the production process. Various studies on the impact of climate change on business activities are more focused on conventional measures to gauge business risks which are more responsive and focused on large companies. Few studies are conducted on small and traditional businesses related to strategic actions in dealing with climate change and tourism, especially non-agricultural businesses. This research is carried out with the framework of making adaptation strategies to deal with climate change and tourism.
 
 Methods: This study employed exploratory qualitative research involving 20 informants of ikat weaving craftsmen. The research was conducted in Kambera District in July 2021. The qualitative data in this study were obtained by semi-structured in-depth interviews with the participants. The main criterion in determining the respondents is the length of the business run by the traditional weavers. The main interview questions were about the participants’ understanding of climate change and its impact on their business, as well as what strategic actions have been taken related to innovation in the production process.
 
 Findings: The study found that while most traditional weavers of Sumba textiles rely on status quo technology, some strategies emerged to adapt to climate uncertainty in weaving production to offer valuable products to the tourism industry. The authors also identify three benchmarks of climate adaptation measures by the traditional weavers.
 
 Practicality implications: The results of this study propose a production process innovation model related to climate change adaptation by ikat craftsmen to capture opportunities for tourism development by offering products that maintain cultural value while having high economic value. By all means, this model needs to be approached more deeply, either by conducting qualitative or quantitative exploratory studies.
 
 Originality/Value: The originality lies in its emphasis on the model of strategic actions toward climate change and the tourism industry. Furthermore, it improves the field's originality and value by shedding light into competitive business aspects that allow the industry to become a robust economic tourist attraction for the region, attracting tourists with its high-quality products. The emphasis on cultural values in the process of making Sumba ikat weaving adds a rich dimension to local culture, enriching the experience of tourists interested in the uniqueness of regional culture. Thus, the local economy can be strengthened via the increased tourism in Sumba.

ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ РАСТВОРИМЫХ ЧАЙНЫХ НАПИТКОВ ИЗ ЛИСТЬЕВ ОБЛЕПИХИ

The article presents the results of a literary search on tea production from the time of Lu Yu to the present day. The analysis of the results of patent research in the field of extraction of plant raw materials is carried out. The results of studies on the production of soluble tea drinks from sea buckthorn leaves, which are a by-product of processing, are presented. The possibility of using combined methods for obtaining extracts from sea buckthorn leaves of the Selenga ecotype is considered. The optimal technological parameters of the extraction, concentration and drying processes of sea buckthorn raw materials were determined experimentally. The technology and the project of the technological structure for the production of instant tea drinks from sea buckthorn leaves have been developed. The technology was tested in the experimental workshop of the industrial partner LLC "Small Innovative Enterprise "BaikalEkoProdukt" and recommended for implementation at sea buckthorn processing plants.

Модель открытых инноваций как стратегический фактор технологического развития компаний нефтегазовой отрасли

The article is devoted to new methodological approaches and frameworks to develop innovative and technological potential of Russian oil and gas companies. Implementation and interconnection of innovative strategies with general corporate and digital transformation strategies are among the top priorities of industrial enterprises and may contribute greatly to successful functioning in competitive environment in the long-term perspective. Development of innovative and technological potential is crucial for Russian oil and gas companies due to the role that the oil and gas industry plays for the economy of the Russian Federation. In addition to traditional R&D management approaches, when the results of intellectual activity are generally developed in the internal perimeter where they stay lately, enterprises consider modern frameworks of innovation including open innovation model. Open innovation model includes constant interaction with the external innovation community. Competencies exchange and the integration of external innovative solutions have perspectives in terms of speed that technological and digital innovations are developed and implemented. On the one hand open innovation model helps to find perspective solutions to existing technological challenges, on the other it supports small innovative enterprises (startups) to develop and implement their technologies in real business.

АНАЛИЗ ТРЕБОВАНИЙ ЗАИНТЕРЕСОВАННЫХ СТОРОН ПРИ ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ГРАНТОВОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКИ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА

State grant support for small businesses in the agro-industrial complex is an important form of stimulating and financing innovative activity. The research is based on a stakeholder approach to business change management and specific innovative projects in the interests of the state and the business entities themselves with the help of the Foundation for Assistance to Small Innovative Enterprises (FASIE) in scientific and technical spheres. The analysis conducted showed that out of the total financing volume for all “Start” and “Commercialization” programs, 9.29% of grant support was allocated to projects in the agro-industrial complex in 2021, and only 8.81% in 2022. The largest share of funding goes to the “Commercialization” program (74.22% in 2021 and 64.65% in 2022), which aims to support innovative projects of existing agricultural organizations, involving the creation, expansion, and modernization of production necessary for serial release. This does not fully satisfy the needs for supporting startups and young developing organizations. At the same time, the structure of satisfied applications reflects the requests of their authors – the largest share of allocated financing is for the “Biotechnology” direction (55.38% in 2021 and 42.58% in 2022), followed by “New instruments and intelligent production technologies” (29.58% in 2021 and 31.28% in 2022). However, the analysis of the requirements of state policy in the field of digitalization of the economy and changes in the needs of economic entities shows the inevitability of a gradual reorientation of their projects towards “Digital Technologies” and “Artificial Intelligence”. Geographically, the largest volume of allocated funds is for the Central and Volga Federal Districts (36.47% and 25.2% respectively), which does not sufficiently satisfy the needs of businesses in other regions of the country. A proposal is justified to satisfy the information needs of various groups of stakeholders in the innovative development of the agro-industrial complex (including government bodies) by disclosing information on the actual implementation and effectiveness of funded projects by supported organizations and on the Fund's website.

ECONOMIC AND LEGAL REGULATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ENTITIES IN THE INNOVATION SECTOR

The subject of the study is public relations in the field of economic and legal regulation of innovation activity. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is the methods of induction and deduction, the dialectical-materialist method, the method of analysis and synthesis, and the historical method, which allowed for an objective understanding of the content and essence of the issues under study. The purpose of the article is to analyse the theoretical and practical aspects of economic and legal regulation of activities of public administration entities in the innovation sphere in Ukraine and developed countries, and to propose effective ways to improve the mechanism of the relevant state policy. The results of the study show that the State economic and legal regulation of innovation activity is carried out with the aim of ensuring progressive transformations in the field of material production, increasing the competitiveness of the national product in the world market, improving the environmental situation, and strengthening the security and defence capability of the country. The economic and legal regulation of the activities of public administration entities in the innovation sphere should not restrict innovation processes (including through excessive structuring and detailing), but should set the direction of their evolution, constantly improve, dynamically monitoring changes in the situation. Conclusion. The main form of state support for the development of innovation is the economic and legal regulation of innovation activities, support for small innovative enterprises and the creation of a favourable innovation climate. The aim of state policy in this area is to move towards an innovative development path based on selected priorities. The state economic and legal regulation of innovation activity is carried out in order to ensure progressive transformations in the sphere of material production, increase the competitiveness of the national product on the world market, improve the environmental situation, strengthen the security and defence capability of the country. In order to achieve the effectiveness of innovation activities, it is necessary to adopt a new approach to solving the problems of antimonopoly policy, product quality management, safety and labour protection. This requires the adoption of new laws and regulations, which should take into account legal issues related to the development of production, resource conservation, environmental protection, etc. The regulatory framework of innovation activity should be brought in line with innovation policy, in particular, it should be closely linked to the measures provided for in the relevant state programme documents and should actively contribute to their implementation.

Development of academic entrepreneurship in an innovative economy: factors and motivation

Object: Study of issues of entrepreneurial activity motivation among university scientists and identification of factors influencing academic entrepreneurship.Methods: The study uses the methods of system analysis, comparative analysis, grouping method, content analysis, analysis of literature.Findings: The article considers the main factors that influence university scientists when they make a decision on academic entrepreneurship. The types of activities that can be attributed to academic entrepreneurship are identified: the implementation of funded projects, the foundation of start-ups, licensing, etc. An analysis of the studies conducted in the field of motivation of academic entrepreneurs made it possible to identify groups of main factors, as well as the strength of their influence on the motivation of scientists. Among the personal motives most often in Western research scientists highlight the desire to continue research, create innovative products, scientific interest in their field of study.Conclusions: The creation of an innovative infrastructure and legislation in the field of intellectual property protection and technology transfer largely determines the possibilities for the development of academic entrepreneurship in the country. Scientists involved in the commercialization of scientific developments become an example (mentor) for younger colleagues, which makes it possible to involve young, qualified specialists in academic entrepreneurship. The presence of professional connections and the opportunity to communicate with business representatives greatly facilitates the receipt of funding for the implementation of results, makes small innovative enterprises more successful in the market. Despite the small percentage of academic entrepreneurs in universities, most scientists maintain contacts with the business community, which, under favorable conditions, can develop into entrepreneurial activity.

Influence of innovative top dressing on increasing the productivity of bees

The use of fertilizing for bees makes it possible to increase the productivity of bee colonies, replenish feed stocks in the hive in winter, and replace substandard fall honey collected in the autumn period. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of sugar-honey dough (candi) containing organic acids on the livability of bee colonies in winter, physiological parameters, intensity of development and their economically useful traits. Research and experimental work with bee colonies were carried out at the apiary of the Small innovative enterprise “Zhivprom” (Krasnodar). The use of liquid feed concentrate “Furor” in a ratio of 1:1 with granulated sugar had a positive effect on the bees’ body and contributed to an increase in the longevity of individuals in experimental cages by 9–10 days compared with the consumption of concentrate with granulated sugar by bees 2:1. The productivity of bees of the 3rd experimental group in 2019 was higher compared to the 1st and 2nd experimental groups at 5,5–5,8 kg, with the control group – at 17,1 kg. In 2020 commercial honey from the 3rd experimental group was obtained on average 61,1 kg, which was 5,5–7,1 kg more than in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups and 18 kg more than in the control group. The amount of commercial honey from bee colonies in 2021 in the 3rd experimental group was 68,1 kg. This indicator was higher than the 1st and 2nd experimental groups by 9,1–8,9 kg, and compared with the control group by 19 kg. The economic eff ect of using innovative top dressing was additionally from one bee family in 2019 – 2625,98 thousand rubles, in 2020 – 2769,98 thousand rubles, in 2021 – 3031,94 thousand rubles.

HACKATHON SYSTEM AS PART OF THE UNIVERSITY INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM

This article attempts to explore the genesis of such concepts as an "ecosystem", "university ecosystem" and a "hackathon system". The study offers an overview of the fundamental differences between these ecosystems which has revealed that a landscape of the socioeconomic background could be represented as a set of industry ecosystems – a certain force field able to integrate localized groups of organizations, business models, markets, networks, supply chains, innovation projects, infrastructure systems, etc. Apart from the above, the study discusses the specifics of shaping the boundaries of the university ecosystem as well as demonstrates that the hackathon system is an element of the overall innovative ecosystem of a higher education institution which in the framework of this study is viewed as a multi-subject system operating within the common domain (managed by a coordinating entity that acts as a core of an organization) with the aim of materializing a value proposition as an outcome of intellectual engagement, where the domain is the HEI environment, the coordination subject is the HEI, and the value proposition is an innovation or an innovative solution. According to the research findings, the university environment is a three-loop space consisting of micro-, meso- and macroloops. It is argued that the university hackathon ecosystem covers not only university structural units which are directly or indirectly involved in innovative activities (e. g., faculties, research laboratories, research groups, employment centres, business incubators, etc.) but also other independent business entities that are not directly related to university activities (such as small innovative enterprises, funds, licensing and certification agencies, expert commissions and others).

Fostering green innovation in achieving sustainable performance

AbstractNowadays, sustainable development has been underlined as critical in relation to firm performance and is becoming a global concern. Green innovation is believed to be a fundamental approach to environmental protection and determines the firms' competitiveness. Many factors drive the success of adopting green innovation. Unfortunately, many studies generally focus on large industries. This study investigates the influence of the firms' external pressure and internal factors simultaneously on the adoption of green innovation in small enterprises in developing countries. We conceptualized the four factors that may determine the successful implementation of green innovation to achieve sustainable performance, including environmental regulations, customer pressure, resources and capabilities, and management commitment. Data were gathered from 160 food sector SMEs in Malang Raya, Indonesia. Data analysis used structural equation modeling with the partial least squares approach (SEM‐PLS). The empirical results conclude the positive effects of customer pressure, resources and capabilities, and commitment management on green innovation, which in turn had a positive on sustainable performance. The results also confirmed that environmental regulations did not significantly impact green innovation. The findings provide valuable contributions and encourage SMEs to foster green innovation's potential for better sustainable performance and competitive advantage. The findings also offer integrated perspectives on how firms should be more innovative toward sustainability.

The Position of the University in the Infrastructure, Which Supports Technological Entrepreneurship

The article’s goal is to eliminate the contradiction between the need for university activities to support and develop technological entrepreneurship and the lack of a sequence of steps leading to the achievement of the desired result. This contradiction is proposed to be resolved by identifying the position of the university in the infrastructure supporting technological entrepreneurship.The paper highlights three main infrastructural positions of the university, called “Supplier of Talents”, “Platform of Academic Technological Entrepreneurship” and “Technological Entrepreneurial Hub”. The first focuses on the development of creative thinking of students seeking to develop high-tech products and support their entrepreneurial intentions. The second focuses on the achievements of university researchers, based on which promising high-tech start-ups are launched and profitable small innovative enterprises are developed. The third relies on mediation and facilitation to coordinate communications between key parties for promoting high-tech business. In this position, the university is an access point to the main success factors of a technological entrepreneurial project. It is more than others capable of stimulating the economic development of the region.One university can hold several positions. Each of the listed positions is endowed with functional characteristics corresponding to their purpose and performs the tasks assigned to them. Starting from an infrastructural position close to the university, it becomes possible to clearly define the criteria that the university needs to have to effectively fulfill these tasks. And the presence of criteria makes it possible to identify dominant problems, adapt university resources, and bring social practices and educational technologies into line.

Innovations at the level of operational process within the framework of furniture manufacturing SME

Innovation within furniture manufacturing SMEs, as opposed to large companies, involves both a number of advantages and disadvantages. Among the main advantages of innovation in small enterprises or especially start-ups in the field of the mobile industry, there is the agility of employees and fresh and unconventional thinking, but which also requires a steering and monitoring mechanism. In this sense, it is necessary to establish at the level of a small enterprise the culture of innovation of operational processes, which involves the enterprise's ability to exploit all resources, especially employees, who can produce innovation, and as a result, will ensure the prosperity of the entity's activity.

THE NECESSITY OF PROMOTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVOTIVE APPROACHES IN ENTERPRISES IN GEORGIA

The development of the innovative manufacturer is a significant factor in the development of the economy, which is largely directed towards the search for new things, the introduction of new technologies based on commercial goals, which as a whole requires innovation and is therefore created as an innovation-oriented enterprise. It is important to mention the small innovative enterprises, whose advantages are manifested in the nature of combining science and production. Gaining a competitive advantage in the modern world is important for all countries, since new approaches created in the heart of new thinking in the field of information technology significantly increase the switching of companies to innovations. Keywords: Innovative entrepreneurship, small innovative enterprises, competitive advantage.

Academic entrepreneurship system in the Russian Federation

Aim. The presented study aims to investigate the features of the academic entrepreneurship system in the Russian Federation through the example of leading Russian universities and to determine the main prospects for its development.Tasks. The author defines the theoretical foundations of the academic entrepreneurship system; examines the legal and regulatory framework of academic entrepreneurship; comparatively analyzes the entrepreneurial activity of leading Russian universities; determines the prospects and trends of the development of the academic entrepreneurship system in Russia.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods, including comparison, generalization, benchmarking, abstraction, deduction, and induction.Results. The theoretical foundations of academic entrepreneurship are investigated, and the author’s original definition of the term is formulated. The regulatory and legal framework of university entrepreneurship through the regulation of small innovative enterprises established at universities is examined. The level of academic entrepreneurship in leading Russian universities at the level of desk research is analyzed. Major directions for the development of the academic entrepreneurship system in Russia are determined.Conclusions. The system of academic entrepreneurship is implemented through the combined efforts of educational organizations and representatives of the business community to simplify the commercialization of the results of innovative activity. The legal and regulatory framework of academic entrepreneurship in Russia is underdeveloped considering the needs of the modern economy. The main legal acts regulating the activities of small innovative enterprises are federal laws, regulations of the Government of the Russian Federation, and the decree of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. University entrepreneurship in domestic higher education institutions continues to develop. A peculiar feature of the existing system is the desire to create an innovative infrastructure within the university and to stimulate entrepreneurial activity among the teaching staff and students. The prospects for the development of academic entrepreneurship in Russia are associated with the development of innovative university infrastructure and increased interaction with manufacturing organizations.

STARTUP: META-ANALYSIS, VIABILITY ASSESSMENT, FORMATION OF CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF IDEAS IN THE EDUCATIONAL SPHERE

The purpose of the article is the theoretical systematization of scientific approaches to the development of startup projects as a possibility of obtaining a commercialized effect based on combined implementation tools. The article presents a meta-analysis of evolutionary ideas about the development of startup projects in the global space from the standpoint of marketing, team-building, venture and innovative approaches. The directions of research on the formation of the startup environment are summarized: the construction of innovative business models, conditions for the creation of startup teams, the mechanism of venture investment of a startup, the implementation of startup solutions in the post-pandemic period of COVID-19. The author’s scheme for the implementation of projects in the startup format with the possibility of entering the stage of commercialization has been developed. The analysis of the forms of organization of startups in the form of small innovative enterprises in the educational environment is carried out, the dynamics of the development of startup ideas at the level of federal districts is presented. The key directions of support and development of startups in the educational environment are proposed – infrastructural, innovative, investment, partnership, economic, social. The results of the study can be used in updating strategic plans for the development of educational institutions as an additional source of investment profits and effective capital investments, as well as by executive authorities as an addition to the regional development strategy of the subject of the Russian Federation.

Применение системы автоматизированного проектирования при разработке тралов

The system of computer-aided design of industrial fishing gear (CAD-FG), developed by the small innovative enterprise Digital Technologies Laboratory LLC with the support of FASIE, is an import-substituting product for manufacturers and designers of bottom and mid-water trawls. At the present stage of trawl operation, the use of CAD-FG on fishing vessels will ensure the correct setting of the trawl system (trawl doors, hydrodynamic shield, loading chain, etc.) for efficient operation of the trawl. The CAD-FG system allows you to save drawings of trawls in electronic format, which creates a database necessary for analyzing designs and transferring drawings to the relevant departments and divisions. An integral part of the competencies of highly qualified personnel is their ability to work with the CAD-FG software, with which it is possible to develop drawings of bottom and mid-water trawls, as well as to model their operation processes in 3D.

Convertible loan as a mechanism for startup development

The development of digital technologies, electronic interaction in small innovative enterprises has led to the emergence of new contractual typologies based on economic efficiency that meet the needs of business and professional entities through not only the exchange of information, but also a special financing procedure. The mechanism of «convertible loan» is the tool that allows startups at the initial stage of their activities to provide it in the future. This allows not only to technologically increase the role of the results of intellectual activity, developed and introduced into production, but, in general, the technical potential of the country.

State support and regulation of startup development: Russian and foreign experience

Subject. The article addresses modernization of the Russian economy, development of start-ups as significant elements of the national innovation system. Objectives. The focus is on the analysis of State support for start-ups in Russia and foreign countries, identification of specific aspects of innovative projects financing. Methods. The study employs methods of comparative analysis. Results. We analyzed the current state of startup development in the leading countries of the world, the specifics, disadvantages and advantages of government programs of financial support for small innovative businesses. The paper identifies factors constraining the development of startups in Russia, offers measures to improve the State support to small innovative enterprises. Conclusions. The efficiency of State support for small and medium-sized businesses can be enhanced through flexible financial and organizational tools, as well as creation of a favorable innovation environment.

Time series modeling for risk management of the implementation of scientific policy goals in conditions of uncertainty in the creation of new network management systems

The use of mechanisms of development institutions to support small innovative enterprises involved in the creation of new management systems is necessary to accelerate the transformation of the economy. The activities of small innovative enterprises are associated with certain risks. The mathematical formalization of risks was carried out on the basis of criteria such as the variance of the utility function values under uncertainty. A systematic analysis of the attribute space for the evaluation of small innovative enterprises and the identification of abnormal levels of temporary data sets was carried out. Models are proposed to describe the trend and oscillatory components of risk analysis and short-term forecasting. The cyclical nature of the performance indicators of small innovative enterprises and the dysfunction of the national innovation system are revealed.

РОЛЬ МАЛЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ СИСТЕМЕ

At present, the development of small and medium-sized businesses is one of the priorities of the state's economic policy. The transformation of advanced scientific and technical developments into a commercial product is facilitated, among other things, by small innovative enterprises. The article tells about the importance of small business in the formation of the innovative sector of the economy, considers the functions that are assigned to small business, the main indicators of the innovative activity of small enterprises and aspects related to the prospects for the development of innovative entrepreneurship in Russia.

JUSTIFICATION OF TRAJECTORIES OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL ENTERPRISES IN THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SPHERE

The article clarifies the role and importance of innovations and innovative development for small enterprises in the telecommunications sphere, defines the features and modern trends of innovative development of small enterprises in the telecommunications sphere, outlines the range of innovative IT services they provide, identifies problems and internal inhibiting factors that arise in the innovative development of small enterprises of the telecommunications sphere, the most influential among them are recognized as: insufficient resource potential and low level of competences of employees, the range of trajectories of innovative development of small enterprises in the telecommunications sphere is substantiated. In particular, it is noted that the ecosystem of innovative development of small enterprises in the telecommunications sphere is characterized by its universality and integration and often relies on innovative networks supported by the state, large business, and scientific institutions. That is, the ecosystem of innovative development of small enterprises in the telecommunications sphere is a synergy of the efforts of the state, business and the scientific environment with the use of organizational, informational, regulatory, methodical, scientific and economic resources to transform them into unique innovative IT products. A successful ecosystem of innovative development of small enterprises in the telecommunications sphere ensures interaction between all contact audiences, promotes the exchange of knowledge, technologies and resources. It expands the capabilities of small enterprises, promotes their growth and competitiveness, and also contributes to the innovative development of the IT industry as a whole. Emphasized is the need to improve organizational and information support for the innovative development of small enterprises in the telecommunications sphere, which is a system of purposeful organizational and motivational interactions between small innovative enterprises and other subjects of the innovation process, capable of ensuring long-term economic growth, sharpened to the needs of society, through the implementation of functions with the use of a complex of tools, methods, levers, strategies with the aim of achieving sustainable innovative development.