Initial Stage Of Training Research Articles

Features of the construction of the training program dragon boat rowing at the initial stage of preparation

The article reveals ways to improve the physical training of rowing athletes at the stage of initial training in the preparatory period for rowing on Dragonboats. Training in rowing at the stage of initial training is aimed at the harmonious development of all the main motor qualities of the athlete. At the same time, the training of rowers at this stage should ensure the versatile development of physical qualities. It should be noted that the physical fitness of rowers is the main component of general fitness. It is also known that physical fitness is characterized by the level of functional capabilities of various body systems - cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular. Therefore, the fact that it is necessary to pay more attention to the development of physical qualities, which in turn will be aimed at improving the types of training necessary for an athlete, is so important. The purpose of the study: To analyze the activities of the State University of Secondary Education in rowing on the "Dragon" boats and the peculiarities of the construction of the training program on rowing on the Dragonboats at the initial stage of preparation. Methodology. An analysis of sports training was conducted on the basis of the Irpin State University of Dragonboat, in the period from May to July 2024, the work of coaches with groups of initial training, analysis of plans and documents was analyzed. In the experiment, 2 groups of primary training, approximately 20 children, were accepted to learn. The training plans, standards, and working programs of the coaches were analyzed. Conclusions: Methodically and correctly organized training sessions effectively improve the physical and functional readiness of young rowers, which not only contributes to the improvement of sports results, but also creates opportunities for a successful transition to training at the next stage of multi-year training. The use of training without taking into account the level of physical and functional fitness of athletes at the stage of preliminary basic training not only negatively affects the dynamics of sports results, but also the state of health of young men.

Development of athletes’ motor skills in rhythmic gymnastics at the stage of initial training and preliminary basic training

The basis of the athlete’s success is a high level of proficiency in the technique of the chosen sport, which in turn requires the maximum manifestation of motor skills. One of the most important methodological conditions for improving rational technique is the relationship and interdependence the structure of movements and the level of development of physical qualities. Increasing physical fitness requires a transition to a new level of technical skill and vice versa - a more complete technical skill of an athlete requires reinforcement with appropriate physical fitness. The purpose of the study is to analyze and summarize data on trends in the development of athletes’ motor skills in rhythmic gymnastics at the stage of preliminary basic training. To solve the problems of the study, methods of the theoretical level of knowledge and generalization of practical experience were used. The article outlines the leading physical skills, the development of which ensures successful execution of exercises in rhythmic gymnastics. A number of modern approaches, methods and means of developing motor skills are given. A distinctive feature of modern techniques is the using of auxiliary equipment to increase the effectiveness of exercises. Since the evidence of effectiveness is based only on increasing the characteristics of physical skills and quite a few of them rely on the certainty of their influence on improving the technique of performing exercises, it becomes important and necessary to have scientific justification of ways, which directed to improve the development of motor skills and at the same time to identify a positive impact on the technical training of gymnasts for the opportunity to assert the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed program.

Current problems of special strength training in thai boxing at the beginning stage for athletes of different age categories

The presented work reveals the essence of one of the important problems of the modern system of special strength training in Thai boxing and other types of mixed martial arts, which is connected with various ratios in the process of classes at the stage of initial training of people of different age categories, which complicates the process of developing a single model of training classes without taking into account age-related features of the body's adaptation to loads. It was established that coaches with 5±0.7 years of work experience give priority to the training of children aged 8-12 years in order to achieve success in sports activities in the future. At the same time, trainers with 16±2.5 years of experience believe that mastering an effective tactical and technical arsenal for self-defense is one of the main reasons for practicing Thai boxing for several age categories (representatives of youth and mature age). It was found that with increasing experience, coaches pay more attention not only to the problems related to the determination of optimal parameters of volume indicators, load intensity and development mechanisms, correction of appropriate training regimes, but also to issues that complicate the system of control and management of the adaptation processes of the athletes' body. onsets of different age categories to a stressful physical stimulus.

Educational and training process for football players at the stage of initial training

Educational and training process for football players at the stage of initial training

Dynamics of functional and physical preparedness of young oarsmen at the stage of initial training

Dynamics of functional and physical preparedness of young oarsmen at the stage of initial training

Development of coordination skills rowers-canoeists at the stage of initial preparation

The article reveals the results of a pedagogical experiment on the development of coordination qualities of canoeists at the stage of initial training. The analysis of the literature showed that only a rationally organized system of development of coordination qualities at the stage of initial training is the main condition for creating a solid base for further work with the technical preparation of canoeists and their successful performances over a long period of time and is considered by specialists as one of the possible ways to optimize the educational and training process. This approach to the organization of the educational and training process ensures high rates of growth and stable sports achievements at the stages of maximum realization of individual capabilities and preservation of high achievements. Conversely, early forcing of sports training through the use of a limited range of special exercises allows to prepare those who achieve relatively high sports results in childhood, and usually leads to a significant lag in a more mature age and, as a result, to the cessation of training. The results of the pedagogical experiment indicate that the focused development of the coordination qualities of novice canoeists contributes to a significant (p<0.05) increase in physical fitness due to a wide range of exercises that were used both on land and on water.

Features of technical improvement of wrestlers at the initial training stage

The level of modern judo development puts forward increased requirements for the general preparation of athletes and its individual components at all stages of long-term training. Special attention is paid to the improvement of the training process at the stage of initial training, which makes it possible to identify promising directions that determine the effectiveness of training wrestlers in techniques. The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the application of the game method of training in the process of technical improvement of judokas at the stage of initial training. The dynamics of indicators were studied, which ranged from 10% to 66.6% for general physical fitness, from 12.6% to 27.8% for special physical fitness, 12.9-37.5% for technical training, and 13.3% for general physical fitness, for which a pedagogical experiment was used, testing indicators of general and special physical and technical fitness as well as assessment of the level of general physical fitness. Thirty judokas, aged 10-12, took part in the study. Of them, 15 were part of the experimental group, and 15 were part of the control group. An experimental training programme with the use of special educational games was proposed, which contributed to the development of the necessary specialised qualities and the mastery of the basic techniques of judo. The games were divided into several groups depending on the task (games with “touching the opponent”, “blocking grip”, and “attacking grip”). The positive influence of game exercise complexes in studying and improving the technique of judo techniques was revealed, which contributed to the significant optimisation of general and special physical fitness and the general physical performance of athletes’ bodies. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of the studied indicators allowed to state that the athletes of the experimental group, who used an experimental training programme using special educational games, had better results compared to the control group. The practical value of the research lies in the recommendation of the introduction of experimental game methods for improving technical training in judo in the system of multi-year sports improvement, namely, at the stage of initial training

Comparative analysis of indicators of physical fitness of freestyle wrestlers at the stage of initial training

The sufficient level of general physical fitness of freestyle wrestlers allows them to form the foundation of versatile and proportional development of the physiological systems and organs of children and adolescents. To properly build the educational and training process, it is necessary to regularly and timely control and analyze the general physical, special physical, and psychophysiological fitness of wrestlers. This requires improving the system of sports training in freestyle wrestling through scientific substantiation of more effective methods of improving the athlete's preparedness. Solving this problem is possible only after enriching existing and developing new training programs for wrestlers. The research and practical experience of leading specialists is aimed at modernizing and improving the training process of highly qualified athletes, while the problem of improving the physical and special training of athletes at the initial stages remains relevant today and requires in-depth study.
 The purpose of the study was to determine the indicators of general physical fitness of young wrestlers at the stage of initial training during training according to the generally accepted program and when the coach involves additional functional sets of exercises.
 The research was conducted among children 8-10 years old engaged in freestyle wrestling in groups of primary training: the I-group of children trained according to a standard generally accepted training program, the II-group athletes trained according to the coach’s author’s methodology, which included additional performance of functional sets of exercises for improvement of both general and special physical training using a large number of exercises, games and game tasks of varying coordination complexity.
 In the work, a comparative analysis of the indicators of physical fitness of young wrestlers of both groups of initial training, obtained as a result of control standards, was carried out. The nature of positive changes in these indicators during control tests among wrestlers of the II group was determined. According to the results of the experiment, it can be stated that the training effect should be aimed at improving all components of physical and technical training.

Recreational games in military and sports all-around competition

The purpose of our research is to identify the theoretical and methodological aspects of conducting training and health classes for young fighters-all-rounders at the stage of initial training. In the course of the research, the method of analysis and generalization of literary sources was used. The analysis of scientific and methodical literature indicates a lack of knowledge regarding the theoretical and methodological foundations of conducting recreational games in military and sports all-around competition for further mastery of such sections as: running for short and medium distances, swimming, all-style combat. One of the most effective means of influencing children's bodies to improve their health is the use of games, because they contribute to the improvement and acceleration of the process of learning exercise techniques, make it possible to overcome fear and create prerequisites for effective training and health activities.
 A conscious attitude to the game stimulates the individual not only to reproductive (reproductive), but also to productive (independent, creative) thinking. Awareness of oneself in the game increases the effectiveness of learning, helps to form oneself faster and easier in various conditions of our time. The features of these games are determined by a wide range of factors: national, religious and folk traditions.
 A mobile game is a conscious activity aimed at achieving a set goal. As a means of recreation, it has a number of qualities, among which high emotionality occupies the most important place. Movement games are characterized by creative, active movement actions motivated by the plot. They are aimed at overcoming various difficulties on the way to achieving the set goal.
 Conclusions: the data on the peculiarities of the use of means and methods of physical training of young fighters-all- rounders engaged in military and sports all-around competition at the stage of initial training have been supplemented.

Development of coordination abilities of young badminton players by means of the BWF Shuttle time international program

The purpose of the work is to scientifically substantiate the methodology for the development of coordination abilities at the stage of initial training of young badminton players by means of the BWF Shuttle Time international program. The following research methods were used in the study: theoretical - systematic analysis of special scientific literature; praximetric - study of statistical, educational and methodical documentation, programs and activity results. The scientific novelty of the research results is as follows: the types of coordination abilities most significant for the success of competitive activities in badminton will be revealed; the age specific features of the level of development of general and specific coordination abilities of young badminton players aged 8-11 will be clarified. Summarizing the above, we note that the method of developing the coordination abilities of young badminton players at the stage of initial training using the tools of the BWF Shuttle Time international program should be aimed at solving the tasks of developing general and specific coordination abilities, which are significant for the success of competitive activities in badminton. The development of coordination abilities should be carried out taking into account the specific principles of the organization of the educational and training process: a comprehensive approach to the development and diagnosis of coordination abilities; unity of development of mental and motor components of motor abilities; the unity of educational and developmental influences on athletes; variability of these influences; continuity and gradual increase of developmental and training activities.

Possibilities of using the virtual simulator "Vimedix 3.2" in the process of training in the specialty "ultrasound and diagnostics"

Background. In recent years, it is important to change the methods and programs of teaching many disciplines, including ultrasound diagnostics, with the inclusion of various virtual and simula-tion devices. The practical experience of using such technologies in the teaching process is rather short, therefore, there are few original works devoted to this topic in Russian and foreign literature.Aims. To determine the possibilities and algorithm of using virtual simulator of ultrasound re-search in the process of teaching the discipline of "ultrasound diagnostics" on the basis of the results of work with it. To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using simulator in comparison with traditional teaching methods.Material and methods. The results of using the virtual simulator "Vimedix 3.2" in the educa-tional process were analyzed. Simulations of transabdominal ultrasound examination of abdominal cavity organs, transthoracic echocardiography, triplex scanning of main vessels were performed on it. The study involved 26 residents in the specialty "ultrasound diagnostics", as well as 47 physicians who were trained at professional retraining courses.Results. The use of a virtual simulator at the initial stage in the training process can eliminate many of the problems that residents and trainees encounter in clinical sites. The use of a simulator in the testing process seems to be less favorable than a practical examination using ultrasound scanners and real patients.Conclusions. It is advisable to use the simulator at the initial stage to practice the research methodology. It is recommended to develop and use additional teaching materials and programs in training. The advantages of the virtual simulator are comfort of work at the initial stage of training, short time of its mastering, availability of an extensive database of pathological cases. The identified non-critical deficiencies require correction during further training in the clinic.

Coordination abilities of female cadets in higher education institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine

Significant number of women want to study in the higher education institutions and work in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. The training of female cadets with a high level of development of motor skills is an important task in higher education instituti ons of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine.
 The level of coordination abilities is an important component in the structure of the overall physical fitness of female cadets. The aim of our work was to study the indicators of coordination abilities of female cadets at the initial stage of training. In the course of our work we studied the coordination readiness of 60 female cadets: the level of static balance, the ability to coordinate hand movements, the ability to general coordinate body movements, the ability to differentiate spatial and temporal parameters of movements, the ability to orientate in space. In the process of work, we used tests that are recommended in scientific and methodical literature.
 We found that female cadets at the beginning of their studies do not have a sufficiently high level of coordination abilities. In tests of a jumping and running nature, in which speed-power abilities are manifested, women have low results. Higher results are observed in tests for assessing the ability to balance, coordination of hand movements and orientation in space. Therefore, paying attention to the coordination training of female cadets is relevant.

Large-scale continual learning for ancient Chinese character recognition

Ancient Chinese character recognition is a challenging problem in the field of pattern recognition. It is difficult to collect all character classes during the training stage due to the numerous classes of ancient Chinese characters and the likelihood of discovering new characters over time. A solution to address this problem is continual learning. However, most continual learning methods are not well-suited for large-scale applications, making them insufficient for solving the problem of ancient Chinese character recognition. Although saving raw data for old classes is a good approach for continual learning to address large-scale problems, it is often infeasible due to the lack of data accessibility in reality. To solve these problems, we propose a large-scale continual learning framework based on the convolutional prototype network (CPN), which does not save raw data for old classes. In this paper, several basic strategies have been proposed for the initial training stage to enhance the feature extraction ability and robustness of the network, which can improve the performance of the model in continual learning. In addition, we propose two practical methods in varying feature space (parameters of feature extractor are changeable) and fixed feature space (parameters of feature extractor are fixed), which enable the model to carry out large-scale continual learning. The proposed method does not save the raw data of old classes and enables simultaneous classification of all existing classes without knowing the incremental batch number. Experiments on the CASIA-AHCDB dataset with 5000 character classes demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.

Uncertainty-weighted prototype active learning in domain adaptive semantic segmentation

Generalizing segmentation networks that adapt to unseen target domains is practical to the real-world utility. Recent self-training-based approaches compute the pseudo labels of highly imbalanced target image that are typically biased to the majority classes and basically noisy. To avoid the model falling into an error-prone and suboptimal state, we propose an uncertainty-weighted prototype active learning method to deal with domain adaptation regarding the semantic segmentation task. For assisting active learning to select reliable samples, multiple prototypical anchors strategy is employed to build the target image distribution model and assign accurate pixel-level pseudo labels, which consists of two different stages. In the initial training stage, this model defines each class as a set of non-learnable prototypes, and performs online clustering to identify target instances for annotating in the prototype-based feature space. In the fine-tuning stage, entropy criterion is adopted to generate representative class prototypes set of target domain, then compute the uncertainty as the clustering weight of prototype-level features via a predictive entropy-based strategy. By mixing these latent representations of the target samples and developing feature alignment loss function, our method can achieve more accurate segmentation performance. Extensive experiments on two benchmarks, GTAV → Cityscapes and SYNTHIA → Cityscapes, demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches, and ablation study verifies the effectiveness of each key component. We hope our work will open a new view for future research in the field of domain adaptation. The code will be released soon at https://github.com/zihaodong/UPAL.

Promoting coping competence for psychological stressors in nursing training: a controlled pedagogical intervention.

Multiple stressors as well as health-and quality-impairing effects of strain in the nursing profession require the systematic acquisition of competence in dealing with these demands, starting at the stage of initial vocational training. This study investigates whether an instructional design, which merges didactic principles of nursing education with concepts and training measures from stress psychology, promotes the acquisition of stress coping competence more effectively than regular teaching on the relevant curricular field at nursing schools. The quasi-experimental study design, based on the Solomon four-group plan, included 332 trainees in Germany. The assessment of stress coping competence at the beginning and at the end of the intervention provided a video-stimulated situational judgment test covering nursing-specific stressful situations. All were validated by field experts. Complementing group comparisons, regression analyses examined intervention effects at the individual level while controlling for other predictors of learning success. The highest solution rates for the two basic dimensions of stress coping competence, i.e., (1) situation assessment and (2) strategy selection and justification, occurred in the treatment classes without a pretest. At the individual level, treatment effects were confirmed for the first dimension. Students with a migration background showed lower competence gains than other students. The instructional design and the competence test provide valuable foundations for promoting and for diagnosing coping skills. Nevertheless, subsequent studies should examine adaptive support for different learner groups. Furthermore, additional observational phases should focus on the deliberate practice of acquired coping strategies in the practical training settings of nursing education.

Medical and biological fundamentals of young athletes’ training

Background and Study Aim. The social and pedagogical effectiveness of the training process, ensuring the normal physical development of young athletes, and the formation of their somatic and psychological health directly depends on the extent to which the anatomical and physiological features of the child's body are taken into account, which justify the medical and biological bases of the system of training young athletes. The article presents a review of scientific literature on the issues of medico-biological substantiation of young athletes’ preparation. Material and Methods Analysis and generalization of data of scientific-methodical literature and information sources of the Internet; study of documentary materials; method of copying. Results. A brief characteristic of the complex of interrelated tasks – health improvement, education, and physical perfection of the younger generation in their sports training is given. Determination of biological age conformity to the chronological age is one of the actual problems in the practice of sports medicine and preparation of young athletes, especially of puberty age. After the first Summer Youth Olympic Games held in Singapore in 2010, coaches and experts in sports medicine concluded that the formation of teenage competition teams should be based on the indices of their physical development and sexual maturation at the same chronological age. Conclusion. A mismatch between physical loads and the functional capacities of the body of a child, adolescent are the main causes of the development of chronic physical overexertion of body system functions and sports injuries, in particular. Speaking about women's sports, it should be remembered that all the problems in the initial stage of athletic training, for girls and girls who have not yet reached not only social, but also physical maturity.

Efficiency of using interactive means of theoretical training of swimmers 8-10 years old

Purpose: substantiating and developing the structure and content of theoretical training of swimmers at the stage of initial training and determining the effectiveness of traditional and interactive means of theoretical training on the level of theoretical training of athletes.
 Material and methods. A sociological survey by means of a questionnaire was conducted among qualified swimmers and trainers-teachers in order to establish the actual problems of the theoretical training of swimmers.
 The total number of interviewed qualified swimmers was 32 people, the average age of the interviewed athletes was 17.40±0.48 years, 68% were male, 32% were female. The experience of playing sports is 10.62±0.47 years.
 The total number of interviewed coaches was 17 people. Among the interviewees were 3 coaches of the highest category, 1 of them is an honored coach of Ukraine, 6 people are coaches of the first category, 8 people are coaches of the second category; the average age of the interviewees was 43.49 ± 0.44, 65% were male, 35% were female.
 Young swimmers aged 8–10, who were practicing at the stage of initial training, took part in the pedagogical experiment. The total number of athletes was 19 people. Two experimental groups were formed, in the preparation of which both generally accepted means and methods of theoretical training were used, as well as the author's interactive means using the game method.
 Mathematical and statistical processing of the research results was carried out using such criteria as: Shapiro-Wilkie (to check the normality of the distribution of the studied indicators of swimmers), Student's t-test (for independent and dependent samples in the case of normal data distribution), Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon (in the absence of a normal distribution of data); correlation analysis between the competitive result and the level of theoretical preparedness of swimmers at the stage of initial training.
 The results. Educational and training classes according to the developed program with the use of the author's interactive means of theoretical training contributed to a reliable (p<0.001) increase in the general level of theoretical training of swimmers at the stage of initial training by 161.00%. At the same time, educational and training classes with the use of theoretical training tools provided by the state curriculum turned out to be less effective and contributed to an increase in the overall level of theoretical training of young swimmers by only 39.87%.
 Conclusions. Theoretical training is an integral part of the system of training athletes. The use of interactive means of theoretical training with the use of the game method (computer games) in the process of theoretical training of young swimmers significantly increases its effectiveness, in contrast to classes in which only traditional means and methods were used (study of special literature, story, conversation, demonstration of stands, documentaries) theoretical training. At the same time, it was established that there are no gender differences between the indicators of theoretical readiness of boys and girls swimmers 8-10 years old. In addition, a high correlation was found between the general level of theoretical preparedness of swimmers of the main group and the time to cover the competitive distance of 50 m, which indicates that with an increase in the level of theoretical preparation, the time to cover the competitive distance decreases.

ПОНЯТИЕ ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЬСКОГО ДЫХАНИЯ У САКСОФОНИСТОВ

The article сonsiders the essence of performing breathing on saxophone, ways of achieving the correct breathing, and the problems arising at the initial stage of the breathing apparatus training, or in the process of its incorrect use. The most important moments in the practice of mastering the performing breathing have been highlighted.

The role and significance of mobile games in the process of psychological and psychophysiological development of young football players at the stage of initial training

Organized football increasingly goes against the capabilities and needs of the child. This trend is especially critical at the stage of initial preparation. In addition to the negative effects on the physical development of young football players, forcing training and ignoring their age characteristics has an extremely destructive effect on the mental development of children. The article analyzes the possibilities and advantages of pedagogical means of regulating motivational factors and the process of forming a number of psychological qualities and abilities of young football players aged 6 to 9 years. Suggested methods of personality formation of young football players. The formation of the sports character of young football players should consist of both team actions and individual characteristics.
 Focusing on raising children begins in the environment that shapes them. The most important component of the formation of a young personality is the psychological aspect. Due to various movements with and without the ball, children can gain game experience. Adapting exercises to the child's needs is a basic condition for preventing traumatic effects and promoting its harmonious development, creating prerequisites for stimulating independent thinking, using the "try to find a solution" principle. The work summarizes data from special literary sources and domestic practical experience, as well as analyzes the key factors that determine the dynamics of training and physical and psychological development of young football players. The mechanisms of the influence of the use of pedagogical tools of a game nature on the process of formation of the motivational, cognitive and psycho- emotional sphere of a child of primary school age playing football are shown.

CONTENT OF NATURAL AND SCIENTIFIC TRAINING OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN PHYSICAL THERAPY AND ERGOTHERAPY AT THE INITIAL (THEORETICAL) STAGE OF TRAINING

The article examines the regulatory and legal provision of natural and scientific training for future specialists in physical therapy and ergotherapy in modern higher education institutions. A structural analysis of the content of natural and scientific training of future specialists in physical therapy and ergotherapy at the initial (theoretical) stage of training has been carried out. A systematic study of the educational disciplines of the natural and scientific training of future specialists in physical therapy and ergotherapy makes it possible to reveal their significant number, the presence of frequent repetitions of the same type of information and situational tasks, that is, the task of mutual coordination of the content component of training, modernization of natural and scientific training and optimization based on structural analysis. The results of the structural analysis of the content of natural and scientific training of future specialists in physical therapy and ergotherapy at the initial (theoretical) stage of training are given.
 The professionally oriented content of natural science disciplines («Biochemistry», «Human Anatomy», «Human Physiology», «Age Anatomy and Physiology», «Physiology of Motor Activity», «Fundamentals of Hygiene and Ecology», «Biomechanics», «General Theory of Health, Diagnosis and Monitoring of the State of Health»), and their focus on the formation of the components of the natural and scientific competence of a specialist in physical therapy and ergotherapy is determined.
 The organization of natural and scientific training through the implementation of the methodology for the formation of professional competence of future specialists in physical therapy and ergotherapy integrates practice-oriented teaching techniques and is aimed at defined pedagogical conditions implementation. It is worth noting that in the process of natural and scientific training, the specified pedagogical conditions are implemented based on taking into account the peculiarities of the functioning of the integral integration system and by introducing the initial (theoretical), basic (practically oriented) and final (professionally adaptive) stages of training.