Initial Rhodamine B Concentration Research Articles

Parametric and modeling studies of Rhodamine-B adsorption using coconut coir-based materials as eco-friendly adsorbents

The present study aimed to optimize the adsorption process of Rhodamine B (Rh-B) on crude and organosolv-based coconut fibers using a full factorial experimental design and response surface modeling. The modification of the fiber was carried out using an aqueous formic acid solution (85% wt.) at 100 ⁰C during 1 h. The crude and modified coconut fibers (CCF and MCF) were characterized regarding their chemical composition, water contact angle, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction and point of zero charge. The batch adsorption tests were performed to evaluate how the biosorbent dosage ([CCF] and [MCF]), contact time, temperature and initial concentration of Rh-B ([Rh-B]) would influence the removal efficiency of Rh-B and their adsorption capacity. Factorial designs of 3² type were carried out for each biosorbent. For the independent variables, the following levels were used: biosorbent concentration (2–4 g L−1), contact time (10–60 min), initial concentration of Rh-B (50–100 mg L−1) and temperature (298–318 K). The effects and interactions caused by the studied variables were statistically significant in the adsorption of Rh-B, based on the values obtained by the ANOVA test. The parameters that provided maximum adsorption of Rh-B onto CCF and MCF were 4 g L−1, 60 min, 318 K and 100 ppm, yielding qmax values of 13 mg g−1 and 22 mg g−1, respectively. The formosolv process enhanced the performance of coconut coir as biosorbent, while the parametric study was capable of optimizing and designing the parameters involved in Rh-B adsorption for both biosorbents.

Enhanced Adsorption of Rhodamine B on Modified Oil-Based Drill Cutting Ash: Characterization, Adsorption Kinetics, and Adsorption Isotherm.

In this paper, phosphoric acid (H3PO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were employed for the modification of oil-based drill cutting ash (OBDCA) for the first time. The adsorption of rhodamine B (RhB) on modified oil-based drill cutting ash (MOBDCA) in an aqueous medium was investigated. H2O2-modified OBDCA had the optimal adsorption efficiency for RhB. The physical and chemical properties of MOBDCA were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ζ-potential, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, and pore size distribution. The effect of the pH value (3–11), reaction time (10–720 min), and initial RhB concentration (10–200 mg/L) on RhB adsorption was discussed. The adsorption kinetics highly fitted with the pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.99), which indicated that the adsorption process was dominated by chemisorption. The adsorption isotherm fitted well with the Langmuir and Freundlich models (R2 > 0.97), which indicated the monolayer adsorption process and the heterogeneous adsorption process, respectively. The theoretic adsorption capacity (50 mg/g) for RhB was achieved by H2O2-modified OBDCA. This paper provides a promising method of resource utilization of OBDCA to treat organic pollutants.

Application of TiO2 and Nb2O5 for ultrasonic degradation of Rhodamine-B

The degradation of Rhodamine-B (RB) in aqueous solutions was investigated in this study under the influence of ultrasound irradiation (20 kHz) in the presence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and niobium pentaoxide (Nb2O5) heterogeneous catalysts. The effects of different factors such as catalyst quantity (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 g/L), initial concentration of RB (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 ppm) and pH (3, 5, 7, 9, 11) were examined. The optimal catalyst dose was found to be 1.25 g/L of TiO2, Nb2O5 and the maximum percentage of RB degradation was observed at pH 3 for the TiO2 and Nb2O5 catalysts. In the presence of TiO2 and Nb2O5, the percentage degradation of RB under ultra-sonication in aqueous solutions is up to 85% and 81% respectively.

Ag NPs decorated C–TiO2/Cd0.5Zn0.5S Z-scheme heterojunction for simultaneous RhB degradation and Cr(VI) reduction

In this study, heterojunction photocatalysts, XAg@C-TCZ, based on MOF-derived C–TiO2 and Cd0.5Zn0.5S decorated with Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were successfully synthesized through hydrothermal and calcination methods. The catalytic effectiveness of XAg@C-TCZ was evaluated by simultaneous photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and reduction of Cr(VI) under simulated sunlight irradiation. The presence of the Z-scheme heterojunction was demonstrated through trapping experiments, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) investigations, and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. With an initial RhB and Cr(VI) concentration of 7 mg L−1 and 5 mg L−1, the catalyst 10Ag@C-TCZ achieved a simultaneous removal of 95.2% and 95.5% within 120 min, respectively. With the same catalyst, the degradation rate of RhB was 2.75 times higher and the reduction rate of Cr(VI) was 9.3 times higher compared to pure Cd0.5Zn0.5S. Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis confirmed the extent of mineralization of RhB, while the reduction of Cr(VI) was corroborated by XPS. Compared to pure RhB and Cr(VI) solutions, the reaction rates are smaller in the solution containing both contaminants, which is attributed to the competition for ·O2−. 10Ag@C-TCZ also exhibited a stable catalytic performance in tap water and lake water. This work provides a new perspective on the construction of heterojunctions with doped MOF derivatives for the purification of complex pollutant systems.

Synthesis of zero-valent iron/biochar by carbothermal reduction from wood waste and iron mud for removing rhodamine B.

This study proposes a new process to synthesize zero-valent iron/biochar (Fe0-BC) by carbothermal reduction using wood waste and iron mud as raw materials under different temperature. The characterization results showed that the Fe0-BC synthesized at 1200 °C (Fe0-BC-1200) possessed favorable adsorption capacity with the specific surface area of 103.18 m2/g and that the zero-valent iron (Fe0) particles were uniformly dispersed on the biochar surface. The removal efficiency of rhodamine B (RB) was determined to evaluate the performance of the prepared Fe0-BC. Fe0-BC-1200 presented the best performance on RB removal, which mainly ascribes to that more Fe0 particles generated at higher temperature. The equilibrium adsorption capacity reached 49.93 mg/g when the initial RB concentration and the Fe0-BC-1200 dosage were 100 mg/L and 2 g/L, respectively, and the pseudo-second-order model was suitable to fit the removal experimental data. LCMC and XRD analyses revealed that the removal mechanism included the physical adsorption of biochar and the redox reaction of Fe0. Moreover, copper existing in the iron mud was also reduced to Cu0, which was beneficial to catalyze the oxidation of iron; the degradation of RB was promoted at the same time.

Simultaneous production of gaseous fuels with degradation of Rhodamine B using a 40 kHz double-bath-type sonoreactor

This work proposed a novel double-bath-type sonoreactor to demonstrate the possibility of applying ultrasound power for simultaneous production of gaseous fuels with degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). The developed double-bath-type sonoreactor allows concentrating the energy of the ultrasonic waves to a limited region and, consequently allows the acoustic intensity in there to be increased approximately 30-fold compared to that can be created in a normal ultrasonic bath at the same applied power. The effect of acoustic intensity, temperature of water bath, static and bubbling argon atmosphere, initial RhB concentration, and dissolved gases on the sonochemical activity both in terms of RhB degradation and gaseous fuel productions were fully investigated. The possible pathways for the simultaneous production of gaseous fuels with degradation of RhB were elucidated. Sonochemical degradation of RhB was successfully analysed by Langmuir-Hinshelwood-type kinetics.

Natural biodegradable polymeric bioadsorbents for efficient cationic dye encapsulation from wastewater

With increasing the dye contamination scenes reported around the globe, the highly promising materials are needed to clean up the water to safeguard the human health. In this work, we have investigated the naturally available carbohydrate polymeric biodegradable adsorbent of wheat flour (WF) for the encapsulation of cationic Rhodamine B (RB) dye with high sensitivity and selectivity. The adsorbent was characterized to define the functional groups existing for complexation ability to the RB dye molecules. Adsorption studies were evaluated in batch mode with the function of solution acidity, contact time, initial RB concentration, competing ions existing and reusability with using eluent. The solution acidity was exhibited the key role, and the suitable pH 5.50 was selected based on the high adsorption efficiency and sensitivity nature. Moreover, the adsorption data were highly adjacent with the Langmuir adsorption isotherms model with monolayer coverage. The determined maximum adsorption was 142.26 mg/g, which was comparable with the other forms of adsorbents in the cationic dye adsorption operations. The competing ions were not adversely affected in the RB dye adsorption by the WF adsorbent due to the complexation ability. The WF adsorbent was exhibited the high reusability based on the elution and reuses performances. The adsorbed RB dye elution was evaluated using ethanol and then the WF adsorbent was ready to use for RB dye adsorption after washing with water without significant loss in its functionality. Therefore, the biodegradable natural carbohydrate polymeric WF adsorbent will attract the scientific community as suitable bio-adsorbent for efficient cationic dye removal from contaminated water as well as the production of value-added adsorbent for water treatments for safeguarding the public health.

Photocatalytic degradation of different pollutants by the novel gCN-NS/Black-TiO2 heterojunction photocatalyst under visible light: Introducing a photodegradation model and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM)

A novel binary black TiO2/g–C3N4–nanosheet heterojunction nanocomposite was successfully synthesized. Three strategies were applied: hydrogenation of TiO2 (black TiO2), exfoliation of g-C3N4 (g–C3N4–nanosheet), and further decoration of the black TiO2 nanoparticles on the g–C3N4–nanosheet (black TiO2/g–C3N4–nanosheet). Different analyses like XRD, EDX, XPS, AFM, FESEM, FT-IR, TEM, HRTEM, PL, UV–Vis DRS, DLS, EIS, photocurrent, and BET were used to characterize the photocatalysts. This heterostructured photocatalyst exhibited notably improved photocatalytic ability of 77.5, 9, 84, and 3.7 folds greater than that of g-C3N4, g–C3N4–nanosheet, TiO2, and black TiO2 for rhodamine B (RhB) photodegradation as a model organic dye pollutants under visible light irradiation, respectively. Central composite design (CCD) was utilized to optimize the kinetics of degradation of RhB based on response surface methodology (RSM). The established quadratic model has high reliability and fitness with R2 value of 0.9936. The maximum degradation efficiency of was achieved under the optimum conditions of the initial RhB concentration of 9 ppm, photocatalyst weight of 147.5 mg, and pH of 9.17. A reasonable photocatalytic mechanism based on the Tauc plot, Mott-Schottky curve and scavenging experiment results was proposed. Stability testing predicted that the binary photocatalyst was stable during 4 runs. Also, photocatalytic abilities of the as-obtained photocatalysts were further assessed by degradation of MB, MO, and phenol upon visible light. This work will be helpful for the design and preparation of heterostructured photocatalysts with new architectures for applications in water purification.

Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine-B under visible light region by ZnO nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon made from longan seed biomass

In the present study, the synthesis of ZnO/LSAC through pyrolysis of the carbonized material prepared from longan seed, zinc acetate in alkaline medium. The obtained materials was characterized by means of XRD, SEM, TEM, BET and UV-Vis-DRS. The XRD patterns of ZnO/LSAC nanocomposites were assigned to wurtzite structure of ZnO with crystallite size about 15 to 30 nm. SEM and TEM observations showed the spherical ZnO particles formed on the activated carbon. The band gap energy and specific surface area of ZnO/LSAC were found to be 2.79 eV and 294.4 m2/g, respectively. The photocatalytic activities of the prepared materials were evaluated for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye. The removal of RhB was found to be pH dependent, and the optimized removal efficiency reached to 93.75% and the mineralization level was over 84,09% at initial RhB concentration of 40 mg.L-1 and pH 7 following 120 min under visible-light illumination. The kinetic studies showed the decolorization of RhB followed pseudo first-order kinetics with the rate constant were determined kapp = 1.67x10-2 min−1.

Metal-organic framework MIL-100(Fe) for dye removal in aqueous solutions: Prediction by artificial neural network and response surface methodology modeling

In this study, a metal organic framework MIL-100(Fe) was synthesized for rhodamine B (RB) removal from aqueous solutions. An experimental design was conducted using a central composite design (CCD) method to obtain the RB adsorption data (n = 30) from batch experiments. In the CCD approach, solution pH, adsorbent dose, and initial RB concentration were included as input variables, whereas RB removal rate was employed as an output variable. Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling were performed using the adsorption data. In RSM modeling, the cubic regression model was developed, which was adequate to describe the RB adsorption according to analysis of variance. Meanwhile, the ANN model with the topology of 3:8:1 (three input variables, eight neurons in one hidden layer, and one output variable) was developed. In order to further compare the performance between the RSM and ANN models, additional adsorption data (n = 8) were produced under experimental conditions, which were randomly selected in the range of the input variables employed in the CCD matrix. The analysis showed that the ANN model (R2 = 0.821) had better predictability than the RSM model (R2 = 0.733) for the RB removal rate. Based on the ANN model, the optimum RB removal rate (>99.9%) was predicted at pH 5.3, adsorbent dose 2.0 g L−1, and initial RB concentration 73 mg L−1. In addition, pH was determined to be the most important input variable affecting the RB removal rate. This study demonstrated that the ANN model could be successfully employed to model and optimize RB adsorption to the MIL-100(Fe).

Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye with TiO2 immobilized on SiC foam using full factorial design

Textile effluents treatment is one of the important environmental challenges nowadays. Photocatalysis has proven its effectiveness for the removal of recalcitrant compounds, and it is considered as a green technology for the treatment of effluents. However, good photocatalytic yield is strongly related to the operating parameters. In this study, a supported TiO2 on a β-SiC foam was tested for the removal of Rhodamine B (RhB). The photocatalytic discoloration of RhB synthetic solution in our condition was about 90%. The effects of each parameter were assessed through a full factorial design. Sixteen tests were carried out and the response was RhB removal. The most influent parameters were TiO2/β-SiC foam quantity, the concentration of RhB, the volume of H2O2 and pH. Their contributions on RhB removal were, respectively, 53.01, 30.49, 2.7, and 2.48% according to Pareto diagram. Analysis of the coefficients shows that initial concentration of RhB and volume of H2O2 had a negative effect on the response. However, the quantity of TiO2/β-SiC foam and pH had a positive effect on the response. The influence of the flow rate on the process was assessed. The results showed a slight increase in RhB removal. Furthermore, the aging test of TiO2/β-SiC foam on the photocatalytic efficiency was carried out after ten successive photocatalysis tests. Only 6.7% loss of yield was observed. These results are very encouraging for an application at the industrial scale.

Visible-light-induced degradation of Rhodamine B by Ba doped ZnO nanoparticles

In the present work, ZnO and Ba doped ZnO nanoparticles (Ba/ZnO) were synthesized by the sol-gel approach. The effects of Ba doping and calcination temperature on photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) were examined under visible light irradiation. In the optimized synthesis conditions, 0.1% Ba loading, and 400 °C calcination temperature, the photocatalyst revealed considerable activity toward photodegradation of RhB. The photocatalytic process by optimal photocatalyst was further modeled and optimized by Response Surface Methodology. The maximum removal efficiency of 98.40% was obtained for catalyst dosage of 350 mg L−1, initial RhB concentration of 4.11 mg L−1, the irradiation time of 68 min, and pH 8. In addition, for 0.1% Ba/ZnO photocatalyst, the activity under visible light was near to UV-A light with a considerable reduction in photoluminescent spectra (PL) compared to neat ZnO. A comparison of PL spectra of RhB and RhB/0.1%Ba/ZnO showed considerable quenching of the light-emitting broad peak of RhB for the later confirming the photosensitizer effect of adsorbed RhB for efficient visible-light-driven degradation of dye.

Electrochemical activation combined with advanced oxidation on NiCo2O4 nanoarray electrode for decomposition of Rhodamine B

Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) is a strong oxidizing agent that can generate reactive oxygen species (ROSs) to decompose organic pollutants. It can be activated by either chemical catalysis or electrochemical processes, both of which are limited by low catalytic efficiency. In this study, electrochemical oxidation and advanced oxidation of PMS on a NiCo2O4 nanoarray cathode were integrated to decompose Rhodamine B (RhB). The combined method exhibited faster decolourisation rates and increased reaction efficiencies compared to systems using either electrochemistry or PMS alone. The effects of pH, PMS dosage, initial RhB concentration, and current density were investigated. The activation of PMS (2 g·L−1) under a current density of 10 mA·cm-2 at neutral pH showed a high decolourisation efficiency of 99.7 % for the RhB solution (100 mg L−1) in 60 min. The corresponding total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency was 28.9 %. The electrode could be reused for at least four cycles while maintaining its high activity. Furthermore, scavenging experiments were conducted with various radical scavengers to identify the major ROSs. Our mechanistic study suggested that O2- and 1O2 play key roles in the degradation process. A synergistic effect was promoted by combining electrochemical and chemical processes for PMS activation. The results presented herein provide fundamental insight into advanced oxidation processes with PMS.

Porous carbon prepared from lotus leaves as potential adsorbent for efficient removal of rhodamine B

Lotus leaf porous carbon (LLPC) prepared from waste lotus leaves has a large specific surface area (2440 m2 g−1), and is used for the adsorption of rhodamine B (RhB) from wastewater in this study. The effects of different parameters such as LLPC dose, initial pH of wastewater, adsorption time, initial RhB concentration, and temperature on adsorption have been systematically explored. Notably, 100% removal efficiency of RhB (60 ppm) is obtained at a low LLPC concentration of 0.125 g l−1. The adsorption equilibrium with a maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of 718.9 mg g−1 at 313 K is described by the Langmuir isotherm. The results for removal efficiency as a function of time are consistent with the pseudo second-order kinetic model and the adsorption process is dominated by chemisorption. Thermodynamic studies confirm that RhB absorption by LLPC is spontaneous at 313 K. The experiments conducted to determine the adsorption mechanism show that intraparticle diffusion is not the only rate-limiting step during adsorption, and the boundary effect becomes more dominant with an increase in adsorption time. The excellent RhB adsorption performance of LLPC and adsorption mechanism afford novel insights into this process for the application of biomass materials in wastewater treatment.

OPTIMIZATION OF PHOTODEGRADATION CONDITIONS OF RHODAMINE B IN WATER WITH DYE-SENSITIZED TITANIUM DIOXIDE

Rhodamine B (RhB) is widely employed in dyeing in textile, paper, paints and leather industry. The wastewater containing RhB dye can cause serious environmental and biological problems. Hence, the remediation of RhB treatment is necessary for the environment. In this study, the photodegradation of RhB in water under sunlight irradiation with dye-sensitized titanium dioxide (TiO2) is investigated. The influence of various conditions, such as TiO2 dosages, initial RhB concentration, temperature, pH, sunlight intensity and irradiation time on the photodegradation of RhB are also studied. About 96% of RhB is photodegraded within 20 min under the optimized conditions. Therefore, the photodegradation treatment for the wastewater including RhB under sunlight is very simple, easy and low cost technique.

Efficient removal of organic pollutant by activation of persulfate with magnetic Co3O4/CoFe2O4 composite

In this study, magnetic spinel Co3O4/CoFe2O4 composite were synthesized by the mechanical mixing of both powdered pristine samples. Then the catalyst was characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, BET, XPS and VSM measurement. Next, Co3O4/CoFe2O4 composite was applied to degrade rhodamine B (RhB) in water by activating persulfate. Results showed that Co3O4/CoFe2O4 composite exhibited high efficiency for removal of RhB, and 95.59% of it could be degraded in 45 min. Besides, the effects of parameters, such as initial pH, PS dosage, Co3O4/CoFe2O4 composite dosage, initial concentration of RhB and temperture were studied. Also, the effects of coexisting anions on RhB degradation were observed and explained. Furthermore, we conducted the quenching experiment and found that sulfate radical and hydroxyl radicals were the main active radicals in the degradation process. Finally, recycle experiments proved that Co3O4/CoFe2O4 had a good stability for RhB degradation. In short, Co3O4/CoFe2O4 composite is a promising catalyst for wastewater treatment.

Study on the catalytic performance of LaMnO3 for the RhB degradation

LaMnO3 nanoparticles were synthesized by citric acid complex sol-gel method and used to degrade rhodamine B (RhB) in water. The effects of initial pH value, LaMnO3 dosage, RhB concentration and disrupter agents on the degradation of RhB were investigated. We found that LaMnO3 exhibits an excellent degradation ability of RhB in high acidic conditions without additional oxidants or light irradiation and can achieve 99.7% degradation efficiency for RhB and 65.8% for total organic carbon. This result showed that LaMnO3 itself provides an effective oxidative system to degrade RhB. Furthermore, a reasonable degradation pathway of RhB was proposed, including N-de-ethylation, chromophore cleavage, opening-ring, and mineralization. Finally, LaMnO3 samples before and after the reaction were characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is found that LaMnO3 can maintain perovskite structure in the degradation of RhB. Mn ions in LaMnO3 provides active center and plays a role of electron transfer during RhB degradation.

Preparation of composite adsorbents of activated carbon supported MgO/MnO2 and adsorption of Rhodamine B.

Activated carbon (AC) was modified by MgO and MnO2 through an impregnation-precipitation-calcination procedure. The batch experiments of adsorption of Rhodamine B (RB) by a modified adsorption material, an MgO-MnO2-AC composite, were carried out and the characteristics of the composite adsorbent were evaluated. The results showed that manganese/magnesium loading changed the surface area, pore volume and increased the number of active adsorption sites of AC. The highest Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area (1,036.18 m2·g-1) was obtained for MgO-MnO2-AC compared with AC. The content of AC loaded with magnesium and manganese was 34.24 and 5.51 mg·g-1 respectively. The adsorption of RB on MgO-MnO2-AC was significantly improved. The maximum adsorption capacity of RB on MgO-MnO2-AC was 16.19 mg·g-1 at 25 °C under the RB concentration of 50 mg·L-1. The adsorption of RB by AC and MgO-MnO2-AC increased with the initial concentration of RB. The adsorption of RB increased first and then decreased when pH was between 3 and 11. The results indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and Langmuir equation can be used to describe the adsorption of RB on MgO-MnO2-AC.

Adsorption Behaviour of Rhodamine B on Hen Feather and Corn Starch Functionalized with Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Mediated with Cocoa Pods Extracts

This study reports useful application of biodegradable polymeric materials functionalized with silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) biosynthesized from cocoa pods as effective adsorbent for dye wastewater purification. Corn starch and hen feather were functionalized with AgNPs for adsorption of rhodamine B (Rh-B). All adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Decreased intensities of peaks, superior rougher cavities and smaller grain diameter of functionalized biomaterials affirmed the functionalization. Effects of pH, contact time, initial Rh-B concentrations and temperature were investigated and found to be significantly important. Four isotherm models were used to describe the adsorption process with Freundlich being the most suitable for all adsorbents indicating Rh-B adsorbed on heterogeneous multilayer surfaces of adsorbents. AgNPs modification greatly enhanced maximum monolayer adsorption capacities (qmax) of feather (4.27–56.53 mg g−1) and starch (1.176–48.60 mg g−1) by 30- and 40-fold respectively. Kinetic rates of adsorption for starch best fitted Elovich, pseudo first order for feather whereas pseudo second order best suitable for starch-AgNPs and feather-AgNPs. Energies (3.89–7.68 kJ mol−1) of adsorption suggest that adsorption of Rh-B onto the adsorbents was by physiosorption. The negative values of ∆H° and ∆G° imply that adsorption processes were exothermic and spontaneous. Results in this study show that surface functionalization of starch and feather improved their adsorptive performances and will find valuable applications in dye remediation due to their biodegradability and cost-effectiveness.

Biosorption of Rhodamine B onto novel biosorbents from Kappaphycus alvarezii, Gracilaria salicornia and Gracilaria edulis

In the present investigation seaweeds of macroalgae like Kappaphycus alvarezii, Gracilaria salicornia and Gracilaria edulis used as novel biosorbent in native (KA, GS, GE) and ethanol modified (EKA, EGS, EGE) for Rhodamine B (RB) removal from aqueous solution in batch process. Effect of various biosorption parameters such as pH, initial concentration of RB, biosorbent dosage and contact time were studied. The maximum biosorption capacity determined as 9.84 (KA), 11.03 (GS), 8.96 (GE), 112.35 (EKA), 105.26 (EGS) and 97.08 mg/g (EGE), respectively towards the removal of RB from aqueous solutions. Better removal of RB was observed using EKA, EGS, and EGE biosorbents at 2.0 pH. The characterizations of the biosorbents were performed using Scanning Electron microscope and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Biosorption equilibrium data evaluated using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Jovanovic isotherm model. The Langmuir isotherm model best suited the equilibrium data for all the biosorbents studied. The rate of RB removal subjected to kinetic analysis using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intra-particle diffusion and Elovich models. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model better described the experimental data of the RB biosorption. Desorption studies performed using 0.1 M sodium hydroxide as eluting agents for regeneration and recycle analysis. The recyclability of the six biosorbents showed consistent biosorption capacity towards RB removal up to the entire three cycles. The studied biosorbents sourced from large volume and easily available, further biosorption performance indicated that the KA, GS, GE, EKA, EGS and EGE could be used as efficient, alternative and eco-friendly biosorbents for the removal of harmful dyes in the environment.