Initial Ability Research Articles

Asesmen Diagnostik Sebagai Penilaian Pembelajaran Dalam Kurikulum Merdeka di MIN 2 Boyolali

Diagnostic assessment is an assessment of learning assessment in the Merdeka Curriculum, which teachers conduct on students before the teacher designs learning. However, teachers' understanding of diagnostic assessment is still lacking, so it is challenging to compile diagnostic assessments. This study aims to describe diagnostic assessment as a learning assessment in the Merdeka Curriculum in elementary schools. The research method uses a literature study by collecting data from the results of exploring various literature in books and scientific articles from national and internationally reputable journals. The data analysis technique uses content analysis. The results obtained in this study indicate that there are two parts to the diagnostic assessment: the non-cognitive and cognitive diagnostic assessment. The non-cognitive diagnostic assessment aims to obtain information regarding family conditions, learning styles, characteristics, and students' learning interests. The cognitive diagnostic assessment aims to provide an overview of the initial abilities possessed by students in a subject topic. Teachers need to carry out diagnostic assessments of students to identify the abilities, strengths, and weaknesses so that teachers can design learning that is tailored to the abilities and characteristics of students.

Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematis Siswa Melalui Model Problem Based Learning di SMA Negeri 2 Medan

Mathematics is a vital discipline, yet it is often considered complicated by students. This results in their low mathematical understanding, which is very important in learning mathematics to solve problems more easily and relate the concepts understood. “This study used a class action research method (PTK) on students of class XI IPA-3 SMA Negeri 2 Medan in the 2023/2024 academic year, totaling 36 people. In this study, data were collected through observation sheets, learning outcome tests, and documentation to evaluate the mathematical understanding ability of students in class XI-IPA 3 at SMA Negeri 2 Medan. The results showed a significant improvement after the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model, as seen from the results of the initial ability test, cycle I test, and cycle II test”.

Spelling development of children with and without reading difficulties throughout elementary grades: evidence from the Greek orthography.

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the development of spelling in a large sample (N = 503, boys: N = 219) of Greek-speaking children with (N = 41) and without (N = 462) reading difficulties. Children were initially tested in Grades 2-4 and then at five consecutive measurement points over a 3-year period, focusing on how initial reading ability, grade, and gender may moderate the rate of spelling growth. Individual growth curve modeling revealed continuous growth of spelling performance in the total sample, although the growth rate decreased over time for children first tested in Grades 3-4. Spelling growth rate was also significantly slower among children with reading difficulties between Grades 2-4 and 3-5. The two reading groups displayed similar growth rates between Grades 4 and 6. Spelling growth rates did not vary significantly with gender. Overall, our study highlights the persistence of spelling difficulties even after 6years of systematic teaching in children with reading difficulties. The severe and persistent spelling deficits of Greek-speaking children with reading difficulties may be attributed to the rich morphological system of the Greek language, the intermediate Greek orthographic transparency (in the direction of writing), and their limited experience with print.

Pelatihan Microsoft Office Excel Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kompetensi Siswa SMKN 1 Praya Tengah Dalam Mengolah Data

The right information can be obtained with good data management. For accurate business decision making, organizations need this information. It is very important for vocational school students to understand data processing so that they can improve their performance in the industrial sector. As a strategy for preparing vocational school students for the world of work, training in using Microsoft Office Excel 2013 for data processing is very useful. At SMKN 1 Praya Tengah, students are involved as partners in this training. The program begins with a pre-test to measure students' initial abilities, followed by scheduling training with partners, creating material based on pre-test results, implementing training, and closing with an evaluation of learning outcomes. The results show students' ability to use various formulas in Microsoft Office Excel 2013 to process data. This contributes to improving graduate skills and the quality of education at SMKN 1 Praya Tengah.

The Influence of a Realistic Mathematics Approach Based on Local Wisdom on Improving Elementary School Students' Mathematical Numeracy Ability

The aim of this research is to comprehensively describe the influence of a realistic mathematics approach based on local wisdom on elementary school students' mathematical numeration abilities. The research method used was quasi-experimental, with a posttest control group research design design. The population in this study were all state elementary school students in class V odd semester of the 2022/2023 academic year in Ternate City. The sample involved 124 students spread across two elementary schools based on experimental and control levels and classes. The instruments used include mathematical numeracy ability test items and student attitude scale guidelines. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and the statistical tests used were the t-test, Mann-Whitney test , and two-way ANOVA test. Next, to find out the average increase in students' mathematical numeration abilities, namely by using the mastery level and normalized gain test (N-Gain). Based on the results of data analysis, it shows that learning factors have an influence on increasing students' mathematical numeration abilities, namely where the normalized gain test (N-Gain) was obtained at 0.58 with a class average value of (62.82%), but there was no interaction between the learning approach and the students' KAM (initial mathematical ability) category. When viewed from Meltzer's classification, the overall increase in students' mathematical numeracy abilities is included in the high category. The conclusion is that there is an increase in the achievement of each indicator of students' mathematical numeracy abilities through a realistic mathematics approach (RML) based on local wisdom (LW) which is better than conventional/usual learning.

Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Anak Kelompok B1 melalui Metode Bercerita Gambar Berseri di TK ABA Brosot II Kulon Progo

Beginning reading is a skill and cognitive process. The storytelling method is a learning strategy that can provide learning experiences to kindergarten students. A series of images is a series of images that form a story. The formulation of the problem in this research is how to improve the beginning reading skills of group B1 children through the serial picture storytelling method at the ABA Brosot II Kulon Progo Kindergarten? The aim is to find out how to improve the beginning reading skills of group B1 children through the serial picture storytelling method at the ABA Brosot II Kulon Progo Kindergarten. The type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK). The instrument used was an observation sheet, the sample size was 13 children and the data was analyzed using a percentage formula. The results of the study showed an increase in children's initial reading abilities, from pre-cycle 35%, cycle I to 46%, and cycle II to 81%. Based on these data, it can be concluded that the serial picture storytelling method can improve the beginning reading skills of children in group B1 at ABA Brosot II Kindergarten, Kulon Progo.

Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa SMA Kelas XI Pada Materi Lingkaran

This research aims to describe the stages of student problem solving based on the Polya stages in circle material. Based on these objectives, this research is included in descriptive qualitative research. Data collection was carried out on class XI students at SMA Negeri 2 Semarang selected using purposive sampling. The subjects chosen in this research were 6 students, consisting of two students with low initial abilities, two students with medium initial abilities, and two students with high initial abilities. The data used was verified using source triangulation. The results of this research show: 1) S-5 and S-6 subjects with low initial abilities were able to understand the problem, were less able to prepare a resolution plan, were less able to carry out the resolution plan, and were less able to re-examine. 2) S3 and S-4 subjects with moderate initial abilities were able to understand the problem even though S-3 subjects had not written down what was asked in the problem, were able to prepare a solution plan, were less able to carry out the solution plan, and were less able to recheck. 3) S-1 and S-2 subjects with high initial abilities are able to understand the problem, less able to prepare a resolution plan, less able to carry out the resolution plan, and less able to re-examine.

Analisis Kemampuan Representasi Matematis Siswa Ditinjau dari Kemampuan Awal Matematis Siswa pada Materi Himpunan

This study aims to describe students' mathematical representation abilities in terms of students' initial mathematical abilities in solving problems on set material. This type of research is a qualitative description. The subjects in this study were class VII D at SMPN 04 Singkawang. The instrument used in this research is a mathematical representation ability test. As well as interviews to support the test results in this study. Based on the results of the data analysis, it can be seen that 1) Students who have initial mathematical abilities in the upper group have moderate level of mathematical representation skills with moderate level of verbal representation skills, moderate level of symbol representation skills and moderate level of visual representation abilities. 2) Students who have early middle group mathematical ability have moderate level of mathematical representation ability with moderate level of verbal representation ability, medium level of symbol representation ability and medium level of visual representation ability. 3) Students who have early mathematical abilities in the lower group have moderate level of mathematical representation skills with moderate level of verbal representation skills, moderate level of symbol representation skills and moderate level of visual representation abilities.

APPLICATION OF MODEL-ELICITING ACTIVITIES (MEAs) FOR LEARNING MATHEMATICS BASED ON STUDENTS’ INITIAL MATHEMATICAL ABILITIES

This study aims to analyze the application of the Model-Eliciting Activities (MEAs) for learning mathematics based on students’ initial mathematical abilities and school origin. It was conducted at SDN Batujajar 3, SDN Sukamaju and SDS Yayasan Beribu by using a quantitative research approach. The research method used the survey method and Two Ways ANOVA test analysis to determine the relationship between students; initial mathematics learning outcomes, students’ origin school, and students’ initial mathematical abilities with a sample of 81 students. In this study, it was found that in learning using the Model-Eliciting Activities there were differences in students’ mathematics learning outcomes based on students’ school origin, students’ mathematics learning outcomes based on students’ initial mathematical abilities, and there was an interaction between school origin and students’ initial mathematical abilities in determining mathematics learning outcomes. In addition, the interaction that occurred shows that SDS Yayasan Beribu had better than SDN Batujajar 3 and SDN Sukamaju.

Pelatihan Penyusunan Asesmen Diagnostik dalam Kurikulum Merdeka bagi Guru di MTs dan MA Sekolah Cinta Ilmu

Merdeka curriculum was developed by the Government in order to improve the quality of education in Indonesia. Merdeka Curriculum, introduced by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology (Kemendikbud Ristek), is a new curriculum that allows schools to adapt learning to the needs and characteristics of students. However, in its implementation, teachers experience several obstacles in implementing the independent curriculum, one of which is in designing assessments and evaluations. Teachers have difficulty in managing classroom conditions due to the lack of clarity in diagnostic assessments. This research aims to provide training in preparing diagnostic assessments to determine students' initial abilities before learning. The method used in this community service is Participatory Action Research (PAR). The subjects in this study were MTs and MA teachers at Cinta Ilmu School, totaling 18 people. Based on the data obtained during the training, the teachers felt enthusiastic and satisfied with the presentation of material that was in accordance with the needs and professional presenters so that the material provided could be easily understood by the participants. It is indicated by the average score index of overall participant satisfaction reaching 3.54, which is in the very satisfying category. While the satisfaction index in the reliability aspect reached a score of 3.7, the tangible evidence aspect reached 3.5, the responsiveness aspect reached 3.4, the guarantee aspect reached 3.5, and the service aspect reached 3.6.

PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK ELEKTRONIK GEOGEBRA PADA MATERI REFLEKSI DAN TRANSLASI SMP

GeoGebra E-LKPD can helps students in visualizing and also understanding concepts on Reflection and Translation SMP. This study aims to determine the development process of GeoGebra E-LKPD on geometry transformation material and determine the validity of the E-LKPD. The method used in this research is Research and Development (R&D) with a 4-D development model with four stages, namely define includes analysis of initial abilities, tasks, and objectives; the design stage includes media selection, determining the presentation format, and making preliminary product designs; the develop stage includes validity testing, product trials, and product revisions; and the desseminate stage is product dissemination. The subjects in this study were students of class IX A of SMP Kanisius Gayam. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and expert validation sheets. In the research process also involved 2 experts who graduated from S2 mathematics education as validators. The result of this research is a valid E-LKPD with a percentage value of 84% and 89.3% with an average percentage of 86.65% so it can be concluded that this E-LKPD is suitable for use.

The Effect of Ethnoscience Learning on the Development of Students' Cognitive and Affective Aspects in Junior High School

This research aims to examine the influence of ethnoscience learning on the development of students' cognitive and affective aspects. This quasi-experimental research uses a pre-test post-test non-equivalent control group design. This research was carried out in the odd semester of the 2022/2023 academic year. The population of this study was 320 class VII students at MTsN 1 Mataram, with a sample size of 34 people in the experimental class and 34 people in the control class. Data was obtained from test instruments for the "cognitive" aspect in the form of essays and questionnaire instruments for the "affective" aspect in the form of attitude statements. The statistical test used in this research is one-way MANCOVA with one covariate. The results of the research show that there is a significant difference in the influence of using ethnoscience learning on cognitive and affective learning simultaneously or together after controlling for students' initial abilities. The cognitive and affective scores of students in classes that use ethnoscience learning are higher than those in conventional classes. The conclusion of this research is that ethnoscience learning has a positive effect on the cognitive and affective aspects of junior high school students at MTsN 1 Mataram.

Efficient and safe coumarin-carbazole-based oxime esters for one/two-photon polymerization of LEDs/NIR light

Photocuring has developed rapidly in recent years owing to its unique “5E” characteristics, especially in the industrial and manufacturing fields, where photoinitiators (PIs) are essential components of the polymerization system. However, most PIs have limited applications in fields that directly contact the human body, such as food packaging or biomedicine, due to migration stability and toxicity. Here, four oxime esters were designed as PIs by using coumarin-carbazole as the conjugate structure, and their properties were optimized by multisite modification of the molecular structure. First, substituents with different electronic properties were introduced at the 4-position of coumarin. The introduction of electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl redshifted the molecule and better matched the light-emitting diode (LED) emission spectra (i.e., 365–450 nm). In addition, the introduction of long and branched alkyl chains on carbazole increased the solubility of the four PIs. The initiation efficiency of the PIs was improved by inserting long or cyclized alkyl chains at the α-position of C = N double bond. The experimental results demonstrated that these four PIs are superior to the commercial oxime ester OXE 02 in terms of light absorption and initiation ability under LED irradiation. The migration stability and cytocompatibility of these PIs were validated, ensuring a green and safe application in photocuring applications. Furthermore, these PIs exhibited a considerable writing speed and remarkable nanopatterning capabilities under 780 nm laser in two-photon polymerization. These outstanding properties indicated their great potential for applications in diverse areas of photocuring, especially in food packaging, bio-3D printing, tissue engineering, and nano-additive manufacturing.

Exploring relationship between morphological characters with in vitro initiation ability and optimizing in vitro propagation of Vanda orchids

Exploring relationship between morphological characters with in vitro initiation ability and optimizing in vitro propagation of Vanda orchids

Efektivitas Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Aplikasi Geogebra Dengan Pendekatan STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa

This study aims to explore and measure the effectiveness of using GeoGebra application-based STEM learning media in improving the mathematical problem solving ability of junior high school students. In this study, researchers took samples of two classes which will be divided into one control class and one experimental class. The class chosen as the control class is VII B and the experimental class is class VII E. With the experimental method, the two classes are divided into an experimental group (using GeoGebra) and a control group (conventional learning). The research instruments used are in the form of description questions and questionnaires, while the data analysis techniques used are descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. This study used independent simple t-test, N-Gain test, and questionnaire processing. The results of the analysis showed that there was no significant difference in initial abilities between the two groups. However, after treatment, there was a significant increase in mathematical problem solving abilities in the experimental group. This is proven from the results of the post-test and N-Gain test. Student responses to the use of GeoGebra in learning mathematics with a STEM approach are also positive, showing high interest and understanding. These results support learning approaches that integrate technology and natural sciences, engineering, technology, and mathematics to improve students' mathematical problem solving skills

Teaching diagnostic radiology to radiology majors: Implementation and evaluation of a flipped classroom model

Purpose Radiology instruction focuses on cultivating medical students’ diagnostic thinking skills and practical competence, and lecture-based learning (LBL) is the most commonly used teaching approach. While fact-based, this type of traditional instruction is often non-engaging, leading to a shift toward student-centered models, one of which is the flipped classroom (FC). However, studies involving a comprehensive evaluation of students’ experiences using the FC approach and its effects on their learning are lacking. Therefore, this study analyzed the teaching efficacy of the FC approach based on data of large groups of radiology students, accumulated over time. Methods Data from 636 medical radiology students taught using the FC and LBL models from 2012 to 2021 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Results The test scores of the FC group were significantly higher than those of the LBL group, and improvements in learning initiative and learning ability were notably higher in the FC than in the LBL group. The two groups showed no significant difference in the critical thinking disposition indicator, and the proportion of students with positive critical thinking tendencies was higher in the FC than in the LBL group. The academic and social self-perception scores of the FC group were significantly higher than those of the LBL group, and there was a significant difference in Kolb’s learning style. Conclusions Based on evidence of completing pre-, in-, and after-class work, the FC approach improved students’ academic performance, learning initiative, diagnostic ability, and satisfaction with learning and the teaching institution. Our findings suggest that FC instruction promotes students’ assimilation and convergence of learning styles, and cultivates positive critical thinking.

The Teaching Mode Design and Effect Evaluation Method of Animation Course From the Perspective of Big Data

OBE concept is a new teaching mode which emphasizes the improvement of students' subjective initiative and professional practice ability. The teaching of animation course is based on drawing and computer, which requires teachers to understand the OBE mode of animation course, carry out targeted teaching innovation of animation course, and adjust the traditional teaching methods, teaching contents and teaching assessment methods. Based on the MOOC platform from the perspective of big data, this paper analyzes the teaching status and innovation process of animation course, and puts forward a hybrid animation course teaching method. Through the research of 686 primary and secondary school teachers, the results show that the hybrid animation course teaching based on OBE and MOOC from the perspective of big data has a better effect than the traditional teaching method, which improves students' initiative in learning animation courses and greatly enhances students' acceptability in learning animation courses.

Effects of rolling process and microstructure on the brittle crack initiation and arrest of a marine steel under low‐temperature

AbstractThe effects of the rolling process and microstructure on the brittle crack initiation and arrest of marine steel were systematically investigated. The microstructures of two steel plates produced by different rolling processes were observed and analyzed. The results demonstrated that the rolling process significantly influenced the microstructure. As the rolling temperature decreased, the grain size decreased, the high‐angle grain boundary (HAGB) content increased, and the average grain misorientation angle increased. The brittle crack initiation and the arrest abilities were evaluated by initiation fracture toughness and crack arrest toughness, respectively. The initiation fracture toughness and crack arrest toughness increased with the decreasing grain size and the increasing content of HAGBs. Finally, the influence of microstructure on the brittle crack initiation and arrest ability was explained from two aspects: (1) the critical event of crack initiation at low temperatures, and (2) the hindering effect of HAGB on the propagation of brittle cracks.

Indole-3-acetic acid regulating the initial adhesion of microalgae in biofilm formation

Regulating the microalgal initial adhesion in biofilm formation is a key approach to address the challenges of attached microalgae cultivation. As a type of phytohormone, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) can promote the growth and metabolism of microalgae. However, limited knowledge has been acquired of how IAA can change the initial adhesion of microalgae in biofilm formation. This study focused on investigating the initial adhesion of microalgae under different IAA concentrations exposure in biofilm formation. The results showed that IAA showed obvious hormesis-like effects on the initial adhesion ability of microalgae biofilm. Under exposure to the low concentration (0.1 mg/L) of IAA, the initial adhesion quantity of microalgae on the surface of the carrier reached the highest value of 7.2 g/m2. However, exposure to the excessively high concentration (10 mg/L) of IAA led to a decrease in the initial adhesion capability of microalgal biofilms. The enhanced adhesion of microalgal biofilms due to IAA was attributed to the upregulation of genes related to the Calvin Cycle, which promoted the synthesis of hydrophobic amino acids, leading to increased protein secretion and altering the surface electron donor characteristics of microalgal biofilms. This, in turn, reduced the energy barrier between the carriers and microalgae. The research findings would provide crucial support for the application of IAA in regulating the operation of microalgal biofilm systems.

Efektivitas Pendekatan Pembelajaran Berbasis TPACK untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran IPA di SDN 2 Sugih Waras

The aims of this research are 1). Analyzing initial abilities in the experimental class and control class, 2). Analyzing the influence of the TPACK-based learning approach on learning outcomes, 3). Analyzing the effectiveness of a TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) based learning approach in class III at SDN 2 Sugih Waras. This research is quantitative research with a true experimental design experimental method. The research data collection technique used pretest and posttest, research samples were students in class III A, experimental class and III B, control class. The data analysis technique used was a prerequisite test, data analysis used the independent sample t test and the N-Gain test. Based on research results 1). Sig value. (2-tailed) from the pretest data of experimental class and control class students, namely 0.562 > 0.05. This shows that Ho is accepted, meaning there is no difference in the average initial ability of students in the experimental class and the control class, 2). There is an influence of the TPACK-based learning approach on learning outcomes. This can be seen based on the t test table which shows the Sig value. (2-tailed) is 0.00 < 0.05, then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, 3). The results of the N-Gain test in class III A which used TPACK got an average score of 62.41 which was categorized as quite effective, while in class III B which used the lecture and assignment method the average was 22.77 which was categorized as ineffective.