Using cadmium-modified iron lead borate glasses with formula 30 B2O3 – 40 PbO – 10 Na2O – (20 -x) Fe2O3 – x CdO where x ranges from 0 to 20 mol%, this work aims to investigate the structural, physical, elastic, and radiation-shielding properties of practical economic radiation shields. The X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the amorphous nature of the samples. The results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) demonstrate the formation of robust B–O–Cd linkages and diborocadmium ([B2CdO8]2−) structures, as well as the conversion from [BO3] to [BO4] structural units with increased CdO and the presence of PbO and Na2O as modifiers. The CdO function also plays a dual role as a former and as a modifier. The FTIR analysis showed that the material's elasticity and the CdO oxide concentration were directly correlated, suggesting that the glass system becomes stiffer as the CdO concentration increases. The study explores the effectiveness of radiation shielding and demonstrates that CdO-rich samples have higher effective atomic numbers and attenuation qualities.