Use of an uncrewed surface vehicle and near infrared hyperspectral imaging for sampling and analysis of aquatic microplastics

Abstract

Data on MP in aquatic environments have low resolution in space and time. Scaling up sampling and increasing analysis throughput are the main bottlenecks. We combined two approaches: an uncrewed surface vehicle (USV) and near infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) for sampling and analysis of MP > 300 μm. We collected 35 water samples over 4 d in a coastal area. Samples were analyzed using NIR-HSI and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Spiked samples were used to determine recovery. We conclude that using a USV can mitigate issues of traditional trawls like scalability, repeatability, and contamination. NIR-HSI detects more polyethylene but less polypropylene than FTIR analysis and reduces analysis time significantly. Highly variable concentrations were found at both sampling locations, with mean MP concentration of 0.28 and 0.01 MP m-3 for location A and B respectively. USV sampling in tandem with NIR-HSI is an effective analytical pipeline for MP monitoring.