Information Technology Infrastructure Research Articles

Inequality of carbon intensity in the Chinese manufacturing sector: The role of information and communication technology infrastructure

China's manufacturing sector accounts for 36 % of the nation's total carbon emissions. Managing manufacturing's carbon intensity is crucial for achieving China's carbon neutrality objectives. However, the difference in carbon intensity levels within the manufacturing sector has been less examined, which prevents the formulation of targeted policies. Among the various options to tackle the issues, the growing information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure is predicted to boost the digitalization of manufacturing industries and reduce carbon intensity. The study measures the inequality of carbon intensity and explores the ICT infrastructure's effect on carbon intensity using manufacturing industry data for 30 provinces from 2001 to 2016. We use the Dagum Gini coefficient to measure the inequality of carbon intensity and find that the carbon intensity inequality of manufacturing has continuously increased over the years. Results reveal that inter-regional differences are the major contributor. Moreover, our results indicate a national convergence of manufacturing carbon intensity using the spatial β-convergence method. In addition, we find that ICT infrastructure hinders the national convergence of carbon intensity, but it varies across regions and sectors. Thus, we recommend that the government consider regional and sectoral heterogeneity when setting emission reduction targets and planning ICT infrastructure development.

Financial Technology Application Challenges: Victims of Online Loan Bondage (Peer-to-Peer Lending) Protection

Financial technology (fintech) has grown rapidly in Indonesia over the last two years. Unfortunately, this development is not being matched by increased knowledge among businesspeople and the general public about the hazards of criminal conduct. Because all human daily activities rely on internet technology, criminal acts utilising technology are critical to be aware of. In addition to providing benefits to society, the use of internet technology has the potential to be abused to commit crimes, both ordinary and specifically targeting information and communication technology infrastructure, with negative consequences that can cause the social order system to collapse, paralyse the country's economy, weaken the defence system, and be used as a terror tool. In reality, according to numerous sources, Indonesia ranks second in the world for internet technology crime attacks and is regarded as the country most vulnerable to information technology security breaches.

Artificial Intelligence Implementation Strategy to Make It Happen Smart Government Indonesia Gold 2045

The world is currently faced with the challenges of the industrial revolution 4.0 era to realize Smart Government based on internet of things (IOT), big data, augmented reality (AR), cyber security, artificial intelligence (AI), additive manufacturing (AM), simulation, system integration and cloud computing. The application of Artificial Intelligence / AI to public services has been successfully implemented in Singapore and Finland. Meanwhile, in Indonesia there are still challenges that must be faced in implementing AI in public services to realize Smart Government, including information technology (ICT) infrastructure, policies and regulations, rigid bureaucracy, and the ability of human resources to use ICT. So, this research will explain the strategy for implementing AI in Indonesia using the Al-Besher Smart Government Framework based on the results of the SWOT analysis. This research uses qualitative research methods through literature review in the form of primary references, namely journals, articles, news and government performance reports. The research results show that the application of AI to realize Smart Government must carry out the strategy of IoT Enable System, AI Principles/Regulation/IoT Principle, and Shareholders to form a Smart Government Domain which contains 5 (five) Priority Fields for Indonesian Artificial Intelligence for 2020-2045. Apart from that, this research found that to realize Smart Government, administrative reform efforts must be made by forming autonomous organizations, increasing ASN competency by strengthening the meritocracy system, building collaborative governance and establishing a bureaucratic digital transformation law.

PROPOSTA DE MELHORIA NO PROCESSO DE PICKING - ESTUDO DE CASO EM UM CENTRO DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO FARMACÊUTICA NA CIDADE DE MANAUS/AM

This article deals with the study of the picking process of a pharmaceutical distribution company located in the city of Manaus/AM, the largest urban centre in the Brazilian Amazon where, due to its geographical characteristics and the need to efficiently serve the capital and the small drugstores located in small communities, it has different characteristics and specificities from other places on the planet. The definition and analysis of performance indicators for a Distribution Centre are topics that are discussed, improved and recurrent, and the performance of the Picking process is one of the main indicators, especially for the case studied, where the company serves. Most of the customers are small businesses that don't have adequate space in their units for storing products and working capital that can be committed to stock. This is the type of customer that predominates in the city of Manaus and the state of Amazonas. This characteristic requires distribution to sort and deliver small quantities with great frequency, thus avoiding a shortage of pharmaceutical products. The aim of this study is to identify the factors that directly influence the drop in the service level of the picking routines. In order to achieve this objective, the Value Stream Mapping quality tool was used, and strategies were then implemented to solve the problems identified in the analysis process. In order to carry out the research during the methodological process, data collection included direct observation of the operation, documentary records from the quality area, such as stock control spreadsheets and performance reports by operators, as well as the use of closed questionnaires for customers and employees. The results and conclusions obtained in relation to the factors that directly influence a drop in the level of service of the picking routines are 05: picking items by stations, thin stock (retail), order consolidation and closing, printing invoices, printing orders, distribution of orders by picking zones. As for defining a methodology for measuring the service level of the picking routines, according to our study, the quality tool that best applies is the VSM. With regard to the opportunities for improvement identified in the processes under analysis, we highlight 05 Improvement in the process of replenishing allocations, Improvement in the addressing of the Flow-rack, Improvement in the information technology infrastructure, Improvement in the technology in the automation process.

Effect of Operational Alignment on the Organizational Performance of Microfinance Banks in Kenya

Microfinance banks play a key role in complementing banks in providing financial services, especially to the poor population that lacks access to commercial banks. The performance of Microfinance banks has been on the decline in Kenya due to slow processing time, lack of new products, low number of customers and lack of staff retention. Microfinance banks offer financial services to a population that cannot get the same services from commercial banks due to the high costs. Microfinance banks in Kenya have been performing poorly in the last few years, occasioned by the closure of some of the branches of the microfinance banks, while some, like Century microfinance banks, have been acquired by other Fintech companies. These microfinance banks need to leverage and reconfigure all the resources they have to achieve and maintain sustainable competitiveness. This study sought to investigate the effect of operational alignment on the performance of Microfinance banks in Kenya. This study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive and explanatory research design to explain the phenomenon under study. Structured closed-ended questionnaires were issued to 181 respondents, with 171 responses. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for analysis and the model tested at 95% confidence levels. The results indicate that operational alignment had an aggregate mean of 4.42 and a standard deviation of 0.65. The inferential analysis indicates that the correlation coefficient value of 0.584 indicates that there is a strong relationship between operational alignment and performance in microfinance banks in Kenya. The adjusted R squared value of 0.338 implies that the operational alignment influences 33.8% of the performance of microfinance banks in Kenya. The study contributes to knowledge by bringing out the need for the configuration of resources in business and information technology as having the most effect on the performance of microfinance banks in Kenya. Information technology infrastructures are costly investments; thus, they need to be well aligned with the business infrastructure and business strategies in place. This contributes to the body of knowledge in terms of highlighting the importance of infrastructures that are well aligned with the business strategies of an organization.

Explaining medical students’ perceptions of virtual assessment in the pandemic COVID-19: A content analysis study

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a significant challenge to education systems worldwide, disrupting traditional teaching and learning methods. This study aims to explore the perceptions of medical students at Abadan University of Medical Sciences regarding electronic assessment methods during the pandemic. Methods: This qualitative study utilized conventional content analysis and involved medical students in their second semester of 2021 who had chosen a unit during the pandemic. Results: Through the analysis process, the participants’ experiences were categorized into six main classes, which included the following: information technology infrastructure, teaching methods of teachers, design of virtual exam questions, monitoring of online exams, psychological issues, and types of virtual assessment. Conclusion: The medical students shared their experiences with virtual assessment during the pandemic, highlighting challenges related to internet infrastructure, communication issues between teachers and students, exam monitoring, psychological factors, reduced learning efficiency due to virtual summative assessment alone, and better learning efficiency through formative assessment alongside summative assessment. They also suggested improvements to online exams, such as increasing the number of questions on each page, allowing the possibility to return to previous questions, and ensuring non-randomness in clinical questions.

Influence of Principals’ Access to Information and Communication Technology Infrastructure on Financial Management in Public Secondary Schools in Machakos County, Kenya

Many organizations have adopted ICT to perform their daily activities. In educational institutions, ICT is used to improve performance. However, this has not been the case as some of the initial problems are still experienced today. This study sought to investigate the influence of principals’ access to information and communication technology on financial management in public secondary schools in Machakos County. The study was guided by the theory of the Technological Acceptance Model. The study adopted a descriptive research design, questionnaires and interview schedules were used to collect data. The study targeted 66 respondents which constitute 33 principals and 33 bursars. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study established that principals had access to basic ICT infrastructure and this significantly influenced their use of ICT in financial management. The study recommends that the government through MOE enhance wider access to ICT infrastructures in schools and principals to develop skills that will enable them to utilize more of the available ICT infrastructures.

Tren Terkini dalam Dunia Pendidikan

The trend of Information Technology which is getting more rapid in the current era of globalization cannot be avoided anymore its impact on the world of education. This is because it has several advantages, including learning resources that are easier to find benefits in the world of education such as media and multimedia and e-learning, Blended learning, Ubiquitous Learning and others which have the benefit of increasing the motivation of students in learning activities. Thus, educators can determine the variation of learning as desired by students. In addition, there are obstacles to implementing Information Technology in education in Indonesia, namely the lack of availability of facilities and infrastructure. Information technology owned by educational institutions, in addition to development and procurement costs related to information technology infrastructure, has not been provided maximally by the government.To overcome these obstacles, it is necessary to have commitment and seriousness to apply Information Technology for education from the government and it is an important decision to answer and ensure the availability of information technology for our world of education so that we are no longer left behind with other countries.

Akuntabilitas Dana Desa Berbasis Kompetensi Aparatur Desa, Partisipasi Masyarakat, Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dan Sistem Pengendalian Internal

Ensuring accountability in the management of village funds is crucial within village governance to enhance public trust in every program or activity conducted by the government for the benefit of the community. Challenges related to the mismanagement or misallocation of village funds by local authorities often stem from the inadequate competencies of village officials, limited involvement of the community in decision-making regarding village programs, and the absence of information technology infrastructure, including network instability, at the village offices across various villages. These elements are thought to influence the responsibility associated with overseeing village funds. This study aims to address two key questions: first, whether the competence of village officials, community engagement, and the adoption of information technology affect the accountability of village fund management; and second, to explore the accountability of village fund management from the standpoint of Islamic economics. The aim of this research is to is to investigate whether the competence of village officials, community involvement, and the utilization of information technology positively impact the accountability of village fund management, as well as to explore the level of accountability in village fund management. This research is a quantitative research where the population in this study was obtained from 12 villages with 110 respondents. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data was obtained by documentation and questionnaires using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this research show that Village Apparatus Competence, Community Participation, Use of Information Technology and Internal Control Systems each have a positive and significant effect on village fund accountability.

A new conceptual model to investigate the role of hospital's capabilities on sustainable learning

The health-care industry is in a state of constant flux, with new challenges and opportunities emerging regularly. Hospitals, as the cornerstone of health-care delivery, must adapt and embrace change to provide optimal patient care. One crucial aspect that plays a significant role in the success of hospitals is sustainable learning. Sustainable learning refers to acquiring knowledge, skills, and competencies that enable health-care professionals to adapt to changes, implement best practices, and deliver high-quality care. Sustainable learning, a concept gaining prominence, emphasizes the ability of hospitals to learn from experiences and adapt to changing circumstances while maintaining quality health-care delivery. This article aims to investigate the role of hospital capabilities in sustainable learning and explore how hospitals can foster an environment that promotes continuous learning and development. Another goal of the paper is to test the relationships between cultural capabilities, structural capabilities, knowledge management capabilities, Information Technology (IT) infrastructure, top management support, application capabilities, and sustainable learning. The Partial Least-Squares (PLS) algorithm was performed using SmartPLS 3.0 to attain this goal. The results successfully support the study goals. This study verified that cultural capability, structural capabilities, knowledge management capabilities, IT infrastructure, top management support, and application capabilities positively affected sustainable learning. This investigation contributes to hospital, management, and education research by developing an integrated paradigm for sustainable learning. In conclusion, the new conceptual model presented here provides a robust framework for investigating the role of hospital capabilities in sustainable learning. By understanding and improving their capabilities, hospitals can not only adapt to change but also thrive in an ever-changing health-care landscape.

The challenges of distance learning in Italy: new inequalities and implications for inclusive education

ABSTRACT The lack of professional training, information and communication technology infrastructure, and digital assets meant that the provision of public education in Italy was profoundly challenged by the shift to distance learning prompted by lockdowns and school closures due to COVID-19. The substitution of in-presence attendance with virtual classes affected schools’ capacity to effectively provide instructional time and imposed high participation barriers on students. The subsequent loss of learning time was disproportionate for Italian students, penalising socioeconomically-disadvantaged students, who lacked resources to access distance learning, with greater educational losses. The education sector’s response to the first pandemic wave generated winners and losers, thus deepening educational inequalities and jeopardising the inclusiveness of public schooling. This study explores the effect of the public education’s response to the pandemic on instructional time, singling out group-specific losses linked to distance learning and infrastructural deficiencies, and its implications for educational losses.

The Impact of Information Technology Competencies and Fleet Management Practices on Effective Service Delivery in the Construction Industry

The construction industry plays a critical role in delivering infrastructure and building projects that shape the modern world. With the increasing importance of effective service delivery in this sector, the role of information technology (IT) competencies and fleet management practices has become a crucial focus for improvement. This study investigates the impact of IT competencies and fleet management practices on effective service delivery within the construction industry. Through a mixed-method approach, data was collected from a sample of construction organizations, including surveys and interviews with key stakeholders. The analysis revealed that organizations with advanced IT competencies and optimized fleet management practices demonstrated higher levels of effective service delivery. IT infrastructure, including hardware, software, and data storage, significantly influenced fleet management capabilities. Furthermore, regular IT training and development programs contributed to improved service delivery outcomes. Proactive fleet maintenance and route optimization positively impacted service reliability and customer satisfaction. The theoretical findings emphasize the vital role of integrating IT competencies and fleet management practices in achieving superior service delivery in the construction industry. For construction companies seeking to excel in service provision, investing in technology and optimizing fleet management are imperative strategies to enhance performance and maintain a competitive.

Big Data-Driven Public Policy Decisions: Transformation Toward Smart Governance

Big data analytics (BDA) enhances knowledge and decision-making. Despite its importance, the connection between technical progress and political change is neglected in the administrative process. Most studies focus on e-government, e-governance, and how technology can improve existing operations of the bureaucracy. However, this article aims to explore the potential of BDA for public policy systems and provide a linkage for the transformation toward digital and smart governance using preferred reported items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) approach to reveal the relevant documents and narrative review approach to interpret the application of BDA at each step of the public policy system. In addition, this study identifies several common public policy-related big data sources and techniques that could be used at the various stages of the public policy process. This study argues that BDA has the potential to be used for policy formulation in the four main phases—planning, design, service delivery, and evaluation. Most studies confirm its potential in the policy process for taxation, health, education, transportation, law, economy, and social system. This study reveals that it is also suitable for public policy execution stages, such as public supervision, public regulation, service delivery, and policy feedback. Previous studies have indicated that the application of BDA can transform traditional or manual governance systems into digital and smart governance. We contend that the policy cycle should be seen as a dynamic and iterative process characterized by continuous evolution. Though each step of transformation has its unique challenges in handling BDA and maintaining the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure, it can ensure an accurate, prompt, and context-oriented public policy system. These insights provide a novel outlook on effectively managing the interplay between innovation and traditional approaches in the realm of public policy development.

Review of The Definition of Smart Cities

The rapid growth of urban areas necessitates the need for cities to adopt innovative strategies in addressing various challenges such as traffic congestion, air pollution, elevated crime rates, waste management difficulties, inefficient energy usage, and more. In response to the escalating urban issues, a collaborative effort has emerged among local government bodies, businesses, non-profit organizations, and the residents themselves, all united by the vision of creating smarter cities. The smart city concept centers on the harmonious integration and synergy of human capital, social assets, and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure. Its objective is to promote sustainable economic development and make better the overall quality of life. This paper therefore focused to define smart cities and ways of improving smartness of city. It also adopted review of literatures to explore the elements and components of smart city in order to arrive at a comprehensive definition of smart city. Keywords: Smart Cities, ICTs, Congestion, Businesses, Review. Journal Reference Format: Oladunmoye, O.M. & Obakin, O.A. (2023): Review of The Definition of Smart Cities. Social Informatics, Business, Politics, L:aw, Environmental Sciences & Technology Journal. Vol. 9, No. 3. Pp 1-8 www.isteams/socialinformaticsjournal. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/SIJ/V9N3P1.

IT support services conceptual engagement model

The Information Technology (IT) Support Engagement Conceptual Model was considered in light of IT service management (ITSM) frameworks, including the IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) and the Service Support and Service Delivery (SSSD) models in addition to the Ansoff strategic planning model. The IT service growth strategies model proposes a standardized approach to frame the enterprise Business to Business (B2B) IT services growth strategies from operational efficiency, diversification, evaluation, and incubation. The model identifies the IT support service strategies and priorities by examining the product maturity and support service status in the organization. The IT Support Conceptual Engagement Model provides a standardized decision-making strategic framework to view the support service ‘onboarding’ decision-making criteria. This model proposes three service influencing constructs that are; impact, volume, and complexity, aligned with corporate strategy to govern the service delivery decision-making process. The main contribution of this paper is to introduce the IT Support Engagement Conceptual Model as a novel framework to explain how enterprises can capture, identify, and strategize opportunities to expand an organization’s IT services in line with the corporate objectives. The model recommends different approaches and strategies to deal with different impact, volume, and complexity influencing factors while catering to any organization’s nuanced factors.

An overview of cybersecurity in Zimbabwe’s financial services sector

Background: As nations, businesses, and individuals rely on the Internet for everyday use, so are cybercriminals manipulating systems to access information illegally and disrupting services for financial gain. The global cost of cybercrime eclipsed one trillion US Dollars in 2020, with Africa losing US $3.5 billion. Methods: A quantitative research methodology was adopted to investigate factors affecting cybercrime in Zimbabwean financial institutions. The study focused on the technical aspects of cybersecurity. Data were collected from July 2022 to October 2022, targeting technology experts in the financial services sector. Participants were recruited from 13 institutions to rank cybersecurity constructs, frameworks, and challenges associated with cybersecurity. Data was collected using a questionnaire distributed to participants. Descriptive statistics were used to extract meanings from the responses that measure mean and standard deviation. Results: Network and data security were the most highly ranked cybersecurity constructs, while physical security was the least. The top three barriers are increasing sophistication of threats, limited skills and emerging technologies, while lack of executive support was the least. The top frameworks used are the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) and Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies (COBIT), while a fifth is yet to adopt cybercrime frameworks. Conclusions: The study proposes that financial institutions establish a cybersecurity culture to fight cybercrime, addressing cybersecurity barriers and following best practices. Financial institutions should invest in cybersecurity technologies, train security specialists, and employ a Chief Information Security Officer (CISO). The study’s small sample may affect the generalisability of the results. Financial institutions should implement strategies to raise awareness and collaborate with institutions to train cybersecurity security specialists to close the skills gap.

Exploring the elements of strengthening online higher education in disaster risk reduction: a perspective of sustained strategy in post COVID-19

Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has compelled higher educational institutions to implement alternative educational strategies that rely heavily on internet accessibility and utilisation to monitor and evaluate students. This study aims to find certain indicators for planning and designing future courses of inclusive online education in the domain of disaster risk reduction (DRR). Design/methodology/approach The study reviews and analyses online teaching and learning experiences of DRR courses. It uses online surveys and interviews to derive the perspectives of selected students and educators in universities in Asia and the Pacific region. Findings Active engagement is considered to be achieved when students are active in chat boxes, through presentations, through assignments and when the video cameras of students are turned on. On the contrary, students perceive active engagement differently because they face emotional disturbances and health issues due to prolonged screen/digital device use, have inadequate information and communications technology infrastructure or have digital literacy deficiencies among others. The study finds that online courses have many sets of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, when they are balanced, they can improve DRR courses in the future. Research limitations/implications The study is based on the outcome of interviews with 10 experienced educators in DRR courses as well as students from different schools taking courses in DRR education. However, the students are not necessarily taking the courses of the educators interviewed due to the inability of some educators to avail themselves and the challenge of contacting the students. This notwithstanding, the results of this study give a general overview of the situation to be considered in the planning and design of online and distance education. Social implications The results do not reflect the reaction of students and tutors of the same course. Future studies of collecting and analyzing the responses from the students and the educators with the same course could provide tailored solutions. Originality/value This study attempts to find solutions to bridging two different perspectives on teaching and learning. The results would be important to strengthening and designing future online courses.

The digital divide: David vs. Goliath.

There is a global danger that hides in the shadows and is changing the way continuing care operators care for residents. Today, to provide that same historical level of resident care, a group of techno-soldiers are not just a nice-to-have, but are a must, to protect our critical Information Technology (IT) infrastructure. There is little doubt that technology has enabled us to provide better care. Electronic medical records, human resources information systems, and voice over internet communications systems have created great efficiencies in operations. However, global cybercriminals lurk in the same technologies that support us. Continuously attempting to rob our private information and hold us ransom, or play havoc with our IT systems impeding our provision of care. How can a continuing care operator, an already funding-challenged industry balance the costs of protecting their IT infrastructure against this growing massive threat? Compounding the issue, rising insurance expectations for continuing care operators to continuously enhance their IT safety controls against evolving cyberterrorism. This is the story of the Good Samaritan Society/Canada (Good Samaritan) digital transformation journey. Our digital roadmap sets Good Samaritan up to rise above the ongoing barrage of cyberattacks and loss of insurance. This is a digital divide story of David vs. Goliath.

Survey of Laboratory Medicine's national response to the HSE cyberattack in the Republic of Ireland.

On Friday 14 May 2021, the Health Service Executive (HSE) was subjected to a serious cyberattack on their information technology (IT) infrastructure. Healthcare workers lost access to HSE-provided clinical and non-clinical IT systems, including laboratory systems. The aim of this national survey was to capture Laboratory Medicine's response across the Republic of Ireland during the HSE cyberattack. An electronic survey developed using Microsoft Forms® was emailed on 24 September 2021 to 58 local representatives of the PeriAnalytic and Laboratory Medicine Society (PALMSoc). The survey was sent to 43 clinical laboratories across the Republic of Ireland. A total of 41 responses from 43 laboratories across all laboratory disciplines were received (95% response rate). From these, 55% did not have access to a functioning LIS, with 56% of these not having access to a LIS for greater than 2weeks. A decrease in specimen requests received during this period was reported by 74% of laboratories, with 32% experiencing a reduction that lasted in excess of one month. Over half of the laboratories (55%) experienced a reduction of > 30% in requests, indicating that clinicians stopped investigating patients (87% reduction in primary care), further escalating the disruption to healthcare. The cyberattack burdened the HSE and laboratories at a time when healthcare staffs were coming to terms with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this, the survey confirms the agility of laboratory staff in meeting the demands placed on it during this time.

Digital technology and its application in supply chain management: new evidence from China's economy.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the influence that practices using information technology (IT) have on the development of a competitive advantage across the supply chain. An organization has a competitive advantage when it has qualities that give the required foundations for it to separate itself from other organizations that are also in its industry. Pressure is applied to the corporate environment as a result of competition and ongoing changes, such as the introduction of new products and technical advancements, the decline of product lifestyles, and the proliferation of products. In order to maintain a competitive edge and achieve financial success in business, organizations are necessary for responding to changes in the market. Through the use of supply chain markets, companies are able to react quickly to unforeseen shifts in the market, and these shifts may be turned into lucrative business possibilities. One of the most significant things that firms can do to assist themselves is make use of information technology to improve their supply chain management agility. From March 2021 through January 2022, the area of China will have a total sample size of 247 persons fill out a questionnaire as part of the data collection process. In each and every questionnaire, the measurements were taken using a Likert scale with five points. The partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach is used to the causal model in order to assess the model's reliability and validity. This technique is used to evaluate the causal model. The findings indicate that information technology has a favorable impact on the adaptability of supply chain management systems. In addition, the findings that were collected have shown that there are four factors that influence the SCM systems. These factors are the IT skills and knowledge, the integration of IT-based systems, the IT infrastructure, and the design of global position system and geographic information systems. In addition, this research offers practitioners recommendations for implementing digital technology for supply chain management and building suitable business strategies at various stages of digitalization.