Information Resource Management Research Articles

Smart Climate Hydropower Tool: A Machine-Learning Seasonal Forecasting Climate Service to Support Cost–Benefit Analysis of Reservoir Management

This study proposes a climate service named Smart Climate Hydropower Tool (SCHT) and designed as a hybrid forecast system for supporting decision-making in a context of hydropower production. SCHT is technically designed to make use of information from state-of-art seasonal forecasts provided by the Copernicus Climate Data Store (CDS) combined with a range of different machine learning algorithms to perform the seasonal forecast of the accumulated inflow discharges to the reservoir of hydropower plants. The machine learning algorithms considered include support vector regression, Gaussian processes, long short-term memory, non-linear autoregressive neural networks with exogenous inputs, and a deep-learning neural networks model. Each machine learning model is trained over past decades datasets of recorded data, and forecast performances are validated and evaluated using separate test sets with reference to the historical average of discharge values and simpler multiparametric regressions. Final results are presented to the users through a user-friendly web interface developed from a tied connection with end-users in an effective co-design process. Methods are tested for forecasting the accumulated seasonal river discharges up to six months in advance for two catchments in Colombia, South America. Results indicate that the machine learning algorithms that make use of a complex and/or recurrent architecture can better simulate the temporal dynamic behaviour of the accumulated river discharge inflow to both case study reservoirs, thus rendering SCHT a useful tool in providing information for water resource managers in better planning the allocation of water resources for different users and for hydropower plant managers when negotiating power purchase contracts in competitive energy markets.

Observed precipitation pattern changes and potential runoff generation capacity from 1961–2016 in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River Basin, China

The upper reaches of the Hanjiang River Basin (HM-CSNWTP) is the headwater source for the middle route of China's South-to-North Water Transfer Project (M-CSNWTP), as well as the north-south transitional zone of central China, and is characterized by high precipitation sensitivity and variability. Changes in precipitation patterns can affect the potential runoff generation capacity of the HM-CSNWTP. Therefore, this study was focused on exploring the dynamic precipitation patterns over the HM-CSNWTP and the potential runoff generation capacity of this region at annual and seasonal timescales. Daily precipitation data from 34 meteorological stations for the period 1961–2016 were collected in order to estimate 4 categories of rainfall indices: average daily precipitation on all days (ADP) and on rainy days (ARP), total amount (TP), and rainy days (TD). The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test, LOWESS smoothing, and collaborative kriging method were implemented. The statistical results indicated that: (1) The annual ADP over the basin decreased slightly, at the rate of −0.22%/10a (−0.002 mm/d/a). Seasonally, summer ADP increased by 1.4%/10a (0.005 mm/d/a), while decreasing ADP values were detected in other seasons. Large increases in annual and summer ARP were found, at rates of 3.73%/10a (0.018 mm/d/a) and 3.72%/10a (0.039 mm/d/a), over the HM-CSNWTP, mainly in the southwestern area (Region III), due to the large changes of annual and summer ARP. Annual and summer ARP increased at significant rates of 7.22%/10a (0.034 mm/d/a) and 10.64%/10a (0.083 mm/d/a), respectively. (2) Decreasing light rainfall amounts (TP0-10) and days (TD0-10), and increasing heavy rainfall amounts (TP>25) and days (TD>25) were detected over the HM-CSNWTP, especially for Region III, in which TP>25 and TD>25 increased by 7.00%/10a (1.076 mm/a) and 5.37%/10a (0.023 d/a), respectively. (3) In the wettest assumption scenario, the estimated annual, spring, summer, autumn, and winter runoff depths were 912.9 mm, 183.0 mm, 410.6 mm, 259.0 mm, and 60.3 mm, respectively. In the driest assumption, the estimated annual, spring, summer, autumn, and winter runoff depths were 131.4 mm, 35.6 mm, 65.7 mm, 27.8 mm, and 2.3 mm, respectively, and the planned diversion water accounted for 76.1%, 63.2%, 70.0%, 102.2%, and 156.5% of the annual and seasonal driest assumption runoff depths, respectively. Thus, the water diversion of the M-CSNWTP in the driest assumption may trigger water shortages and environmental disasters in the lower reaches of the Hanjiang River Basin, especially at annual, autumn, and winter timescales. These findings provide some basic information for local water resource management in the HM-CSNWTP.

Впровадження інформаційних систем обліку

The purpose of the article is to define accounting information systems as an element of enterprise information resource management, compare the criteria for the content of regulated (financial) and management reporting for the formation of an enterprise information resource. Research methods. General and special methods of scientific knowledge were used: system approach and system analysis (in determining the essence and basic elements of the assessment of information flows); historical and logical method (in the study of the formation, development and development of theoretical and methodological provisions for the formation and implementation of information accounting systems); analysis and synthesis (when developing proposals for the implementation of accounting information systems in the practical activities of the enterprise); monographic (when assessing the results of adaptation of employees of the enterprise, who should be responsible for the implementation of the platform). Research results. The great importance of the obtained theoretical and practical developments on the formation and use of information accounting systems as the basis for the formation of an enterprise information resource for the development of accounting theory and the introduction of its provisions into the practical activities of business entities has been proved. A number of practical situations that may accompany the implementation of information accounting systems for information support of effective management are stated. Scientific novelty. Review of the possibility of choosing an information platform on which the collection, processing and transmission of information will be carried out in order to make management decisions. Practical significance. The necessity of introducing accounting information systems at the enterprise is substantiated with the prediction of a number of methodological measures for the division of information, depending on its discreteness. It also identified the need to foresee a number of organizational paths for the implementation of platforms. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 12.

Role-based engagement: scale development and validation

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to build on personal engagement and role theory to develop a conceptual definition of engagement to different organizational roles (job, organization, supervisor, and coworkers) and create and validate the Role-Based Engagement Scale (RBES). Data were collected from four samples (n = 1,302) of employees, including three from multiple organizations and one from an aircraft manufacturer. Results across three studies consistently support the four dimension structure of the RBES, its internal consistency, convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity based on a series of confirmatory factor analyses. The RBES is a psychometrically sound instrument that measures engagement to job, organization, supervisor, and coworkers. This instrument will provide more targeted information for human resource management (HRM) professionals tasked with developing training methods and processes to improve low-scoring dimensions of engagement, optimizing HRM interventions.

Quantifying the base flow of the Colorado River: its importance in sustaining perennial flow in northern Arizona and southern Utah (USA)

Water in the Colorado River, USA, is known to be a highly over-allocated resource, yet managers and decision makers rarely consider one of the most important contributions to the existing water in the river, i.e. groundwater. This oversight may result from the contrasting results of base-flow studies conducted on the amount of streamflow into the Colorado River sourced from groundwater. Some studies rule out the significance of groundwater contribution, while others show groundwater contributing the majority of flow to the river. This study uses new and extant instrumented data (not indirect methods) to quantify the groundwater base-flow contribution to surface flow. The precipitation, streamflow, and base flow of 10 remote subbasins of the Colorado Plateau in southern Utah and northern Arizona were examined in detail. These tributaries have an annual average base-flow discharge of 0.45 km3/year (367,000 acre-feet per year) with an average base-flow fraction of 72% summing to more than 3% of the mean flow of the Colorado River at Phantom Ranch. The groundwater storage trend of the Colorado River Basin when measured with remote sensing is declining; however, when utilizing instrumented data, the average annual base-flow trend in the study area remains constant. This trend suggests that base-flow signatures in streams may have a delayed response from the decline observed in groundwater storage from remote sensing. The simple extant data measurement methods employed in this study can be applied to the entire drainage basin, revealing the quantity of base flow throughout the basin to better inform water resource management.

Seasonal snow cover decreases young water fractions in high Alpine catchments

AbstractEstimation of young water fractions (Fyw), defined as the fraction of water in a stream younger than approximately 2–3 months, provides key information for water resource management in catchments where runoff is dominated by snowmelt. Knowing the average dependence of summer flow on winter precipitation is an essential context for comparing regional drought severity and provides the hydrological template for downstream water users and ecosystems. However, Fyw estimation based on seasonal signals of stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen has not yet explicitly addressed how to parsimoniously include the seasonal shift of water input from snow. Using experimental data from three high‐elevation, Alpine catchments (one dominated by glacier and two by snow), we propose a framework to explicitly include the delays induced by snow storage into estimates of Fyw. Scrutinizing the key methodological choices when estimating Fyw from isotope data, we find that the methods used to construct precipitation input signals from sparse isotope samples can significantly impact Fyw. Given this sensitivity, our revised procedure estimates a distribution of Fyw values that incorporates a wide range of possible methodological choices and their uncertainties; it furthermore compares the commonly used amplitude ratio approach to a direct convolution approach, which circumvents the assumption that the isotopic signals have a sine curve shape, an assumption that is generally violated in snow‐dominated environments. Our new estimates confirm that high‐elevation Alpine catchments have low Fyw values, spanning from 8 to 11%. Such low values have previously been interpreted as the impact of seasonal snow storage alone, but our comparison of different Fyw estimation methods suggests that these low Fyw values result from a combination of both snow cover effects and longer storage in the subsurface. In contrast, in the highest elevation, glacier dominated catchment, Fyw is 3–4 times greater compared to the other two catchments, due to the lower storage and faster drainage processes. A future challenge, capturing spatio‐temporal snowmelt isotope signals during winter baseflow and the snowmelt period, remains to improve constraints on the Fyw estimation technique.

Multi‐temporal Hydrological Residual Error Modeling for Seamless Subseasonal Streamflow Forecasting

AbstractSubseasonal streamflow forecasts, with lead times of 1–30 days, provide valuable information for operational water resource management. This paper introduces the multi‐temporal hydrological residual error (MuTHRE) model to address the challenge of obtaining “seamless” subseasonal forecasts — that is, daily forecasts with consistent high‐quality performance over multiple lead times (1–30 days) and aggregation scales (daily to monthly). The key advance of the MuTHRE model is combining the representation of three temporal characteristics of hydrological residual errors: seasonality, dynamic biases, and non‐Gaussian errors. The MuTHRE model is applied in 11 Australian catchments using the hydrological model GR4J and post processed rainfall forecasts from the numerical weather prediction model ACCESS‐S, and is evaluated against a baseline model that does not model these error characteristics. The MuTHRE model provides “high” improvements (practically significant in the majority of performance stratifications) in terms of reliability: (i) at short lead times (up to 10 days), due to representing non‐Gaussian errors, (ii) stratified by month, due to representing seasonality in hydrological errors, and (iii) in dry years, due to representing dynamic biases in hydrological errors. Forecast performance also improves in terms of sharpness, volumetric bias, and CRPS skill score; these improvements are statistically but not practically significant in the majority of stratifications. Importantly, improvements are consistent across multiple time scales (daily and monthly). This study highlights the benefits of modeling multiple temporal characteristics of hydrological errors and demonstrates the power of the MuTHRE model for producing seamless subseasonal streamflow forecasts that can be utilized for a wide range of applications.

Application of Process Mining technology to analyze the correspondence of life cycles of information resources to a generalized model

The article solves the problem of assessing the applicability of the Process Mining methodology and ProM software to identify failures and deviations in the life cycle of information resources. The object of the research was the database of the Seattle Public Library, hosted on the website Kaggle.com, records were analyzed for the period from 2005 to 2017. In the course of the research, the information resource life cycle model was restored using the example of a library storage unit. Then, events atypical for the restored model were identified, that is, the system made it possible to identify deviations in the life cycle and statistically analyze the factors that caused them by means of a higher detailing of the process in the problem area. The obtained result confirms the possibility of detecting errors and inconsistencies in the processes of managing information resources and analyzing the root causes of errors based on the event log of working with an information resource.

Geo-Informatics in Resource Management

Natural resource management requires reliable and timely information available at local, regional, national, and global scales. Geo-informatics, by remote sensing, global navigation satellite systems, geographical information systems, and related technologies, provides information for natural resource management, environmental protection, and support related to sustainable development. Geo-informatics has proven to be a powerful technology for studying and monitoring natural resources as well as in generating predictive models, making it an important decision-making tool. The manuscripts included in this Special Issue focus on disciplines that advance the field of resource management in geomatics. The manuscripts showcased here provide different examples of challenges in resource management.

Variability analyses of the maternal lineage of horses and donkeys.

Equid breeds originating from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa are believed to have genetically contributed to the formation of breeds and ecotypes from Brazil. The country has numerous breeds and ecotypes of horses and donkeys but there are no extensive studies on maternal genetic diversity and their origins. This study reports the results of the first genetic analysis of all horse and donkey breeds/ecotypes from Brazil based on sequences of the mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop) whose main objective was to characterize the genetic variation in these animals. These analyses will contribute to the understanding of the current population structure and diversity of breeds/ecotypes of horses and donkeys raised in the Brazil. We analyzed 310 D-loop sequences representing 41 breeds/ecotypes of Equus caballus and Equus asinus, including 14 native horse breeds/ecotypes, 3 native donkey breeds/ecotypes and 24 cosmopolite horse breeds. The results revealed that the breeds are well structured genetically and that they comprise different groups. A total of 80 and 14 haplotypes were identified for horses and donkeys, respectively. Most of the horse mtDNA haplotypes were shared by many breeds, whereas donkey mtDNA haplotypes seemed to be more group-especif. Some groups presented a low intrabreed distance and/or a low haplotype/nucleotide diversity such as Lavradeiro, Crioulo, Piquira and Percheron horses and Brazilian donkey. Thus, specific actions must be designed for each population. The different levels of genetic diversity provided important information for conservation resource management of adapted groups as well as for mating orientation of breed associations. Some autochthonous ecotypes require attention because of their low genetic variability.

Colorado River water supply is predictable on multi-year timescales owing to long-term ocean memory

Skillful multi-year climate forecasts provide crucial information for decision-makers and resource managers to mitigate water scarcity, yet such forecasts remain challenging due to unpredictable weather noise and the lack of dynamical model capability. Here we demonstrate that the annual water supply of the Colorado River is predictable up to several years in advance by a drift-free decadal climate prediction system using a fully coupled climate model. Observational analyses and model experiments show that prolonged shortages of water supply in the Colorado River are significantly linked to sea surface temperature precursors including tropical Pacific cooling, North Pacific warming, and southern tropical Atlantic warming. In the Colorado River basin, the water deficits can reduce crop yield and increase wildfire potential. Thus, a multi-year prediction of severe water shortages in the Colorado River basin could be useful as an early indicator of subsequent agricultural loss and wildfire risk.

Anthropogenic forcing enhances rainfall seasonality in global land monsoon regions

Understanding how humanity’s influence on the climate affects rainfall seasonality around the world is immensely important for agriculture production, ecology protection, and freshwater resource management. In this study, we qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed the potential influence of anthropogenic forcing on rainfall seasonality in global land monsoon (GM) regions using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) general circulation models. We discovered that anthropogenic forcing enhances rainfall seasonality over many parts of GM regions, and was evident in the South Asian and the most parts of the South American and the South African monsoon regions. Anthropogenic forcing partially but clearly contributed to the increasing trend of rainfall seasonality over many parts of GM regions from 1960 to 2012. Moreover, anthropogenic forcing also increased the probability of more pronounced rainfall seasonality in almost all GM regions. The results provide valuable information for agriculture, ecology, and freshwater resource management under climate warming induced by anthropogenic forcing.

Research on Information Resource Sharing Mode in University Archives Management Based on Network Cloud Platform

With the continuous development of society and the arrival of information age, the mode of information resource sharing in university archives management has become the mainstream trend of development. This paper first introduces the related theoretical concepts of archives information resource management and information resource sharing based on the network cloud platform, then analyses the importance of information resource sharing in the process of archives information management in colleges and universities, and finally gives the strategies of constructing the mode of information resource sharing in archives management in colleges and universities.

Упровадження інноваційних інструментів та практик управління людськими ресурсами в Апараті Верховної Ради України

Метою статті є дослідження питань упровадження нових інноваційних практик управління людськими ресурсами в Апараті Верховної Ради України в контексті модернізації системи державного управління та реалізації парламентської реформи.
 Наукова новизна визначається дослідженням упровадження нових інструментів та практик управління людськими ресурсами в Апараті Верховної Ради України з метою забезпечення модернізації його подальшої діяльності та виконання основних завдань парламентської реформи.
 Висновки. Україна розпочала реалізацію широкомасштабної парламентської реформи та модернізацію системи державного управління. У зв’язку з цим особливого значення набувають питання розробки та упровадження нових інноваційних інструментів та практик управління людськими ресурсами в органах державної влади, зокрема в Апараті Верховної Ради України.
 Вивчення кращих практик та досвіду зарубіжних країн у цій сфері свідчить про необхідність їх популяризації та упровадження нових інструментів управління людськими ресурсами на державній службі. Мова йде про такі інноваційні інструменти та практики з питань менеджменту та управління людськими ресурсами: розроблення та упровадження системи проведення ґендерного аудиту, внутрішньої системи управління якістю, розвиток корпоративної культури, управління талантами, розбудова системи наставництва (менторства), підтримка адаптації новопризначених працівників, удосконалення системи оцінювання результатів роботи державних службовців, інформатизація та автоматизація процесів управління людськими ресурсами, розвиток кадрової мобільності, підвищення рівня мотивації працівників та їх заохочення до покращення результатів роботи; розвиток лідерства, підвищення рівня професійної компетентності та кар’єрний розвиток, розвиток системи управління змінами тощо.
 Одночасно проаналізовано усі можливі переваги та недоліки функціонування кожної з цих практик, а також перспективи їх упровадження в Апараті, насамперед із урахуванням специфіки цього державного органу та основних завдань реформи державного управління в Україні. Враховуючи вищевикладене, підготовлено комплексні пропозиції щодо забезпечення подальшої модернізації діяльності Апарату Верховної Ради України, розробки та упровадження нової широкомасштабної стратегії розбудови кадрового потенціалу Апарату (з урахуванням рекомендацій Європейського Парламенту, інших міжнародних організацій, а також основних завдань парламентської реформи, що реалізується в Україні).

Riparian vegetation model to predict seedling recruitment and restoration alternatives

Native riparian vegetation communities have declined downstream of large water infrastructure like dams and diversions, owing to water management operations that prevent successful seedling colonization and recruitment. Altered timing and magnitude of reservoir releases to fulfill competing water demands often lead to reduced peak discharges and flow recession rates that do not support native riparian reproduction processes. To achieve short-term ecosystem function in highly regulated rivers an alternative method might be restoration planting, whereby success depends on identifying appropriate planting location and spatial extents. This study aims to provide a methodology to inform resource managers about the extent of possible natural seedling recruitment under average and wet hydrologic conditions, as well as constrain restoration planting operational uncertainties. Results from field surveys and simulations showed limited favorable areas for successful riparian seedling recruitment under regulated flows, regardless of hydrologic conditions in the basin. However, wet (11.4 ha) hydrologic conditions were more (approximately 11 times) favorable than average (1 ha) conditions for seedling recruitment. Furthermore, model results identified the location and spatial extent (25.6 ha) of favorable restoration planting areas during average flow. This extent is approximately 25 times larger than natural recruitment during an average (hydrological) year and even twice that for natural recruitment for a wet year. This suggests that ground operational activities guided by numerical modeling may effectively constrain planting uncertainties.

INFOMAR data supports offshore energy development and marine spatial planning in the Irish offshore via the EMODnet Geology portal

The characterization of the seafloor is a fundamental first step in informing resource management, marine spatial planning, conservation, fisheries, industry and research. Integrated Mapping for the Sustainable Development of Ireland's Marine Resource (INFOMAR), Ireland's national seabed mapping programme, delivers freely available, high-resolution seabed imagery derived from multibeam echosounder data in the Irish Exclusive Economic Zone. The European Union established the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) Geology data portal, which provides harmonized broad-scale seabed substrate information for all European seas and confidence assessments of the information that underpins the geological interpretations. A multi-scale product has been produced using INFOMAR's high-resolution seabed substrate information at the 1:50 000 scale. As part of the Supporting Implementation of Maritime Spatial Planning in the Celtic Seas project, the EMODnet Geology seabed substrate data portal assisted in addressing the challenges associated with the implementation of the European Union's Marine Spatial Planning Directive. The seabed substrate data in the EMODnet Geology data portal were identified as a valuable tool for guiding the selection of sites for offshore wind farms in the Irish Sea and their subsequent characterization. This paper outlines the approach to delivering a multi-scale seabed substrate dataset for the Irish offshore and its applicability to marine spatial planning and the development of offshore energy resources.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Mapping the Geology and Topography of the European Seas (EMODnet) collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/EMODnet

Global to small island; a cross-scale foresight scenario exercise

PurposeThe use of socio-economic scenarios in small island developing states (SIDS) when assessing, and planning for, the impacts of global changes on national socioeconomic and environmental systems is still in its infancy. The research conducts a cross-scale foresight scenario exercise to produce regional scenarios and national storylines for Caribbean islands that are of “partial” consistency to the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) and representative concentration pathways (RCPs) and shows how future socioeconomic and climatic changes can be applied to inform natural resource management decisions.Design/methodology/approachTo develop the scenarios, the study uses a three-staged linking process using mixed methods to “triangulate” each technique to compensate for weaknesses of one method by introducing a complementary method at each stage. A participatory-expert stepwise approach with feedback loops is used and complemented with a climate sensitive tourism water demand model.FindingsFour regional exploratory socio-economic scenarios were constructed that are partially consistent with global scenarios. In addition, national storylines for four island states were developed based on the regional scenarios. Using RCP 4.5 hotel water demand in Barbados is estimated under three of the regional scenarios based on compatibility. The results indicate there is a 17% difference between the highest and lowest estimated water demand, indicating the effect of varying socio-economic conditions on water demand.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature by presenting regional socio-economic scenarios, specifically for SIDS, that are partially consistent with both global climatic RCPs and SSPs using a cross-scale approach. The scenarios are then used to demonstrate how future socio-economic pathways impact on freshwater demand.

Terminological (di) Similarities between Information Management and Knowledge Management: a Term Co-Occurrence Analysis

The terminological composition of information management (IM) and knowledge management (KM) is described in order to evidence how much do these areas overlap within the library and information sciences (LIS) space. A term co-occurrence analysis is conducted as from documents extracted from Web of Science, covering the period 1980–2015. To examine the terminological (di) similarity two approaches are applied: ‘overlay visualizationʼ and ‘topic detectionʼ. The percentage of terminological similarity oscillates between 24% and 38% according to the ‘overlay visualizationʼ and ‘topic detectionʼ techniques. At the core of the terminological intersection between IM and KM lies the study around processes, technologies and information systems. However, they are semantically two separate areas that tend to address similar dimensions -such as the managerial, educational and medical, but emphasizing different approach. Moreover, IM refers to the library and information organizations, highlighting the focus on personal information management, human information behavior, health information management, and information resource management. Oppositely, KM highlights the business, management and accounting realms in which topics like knowledge sharing and social networks, knowledge management strategies, and knowledge management projects are prevailing. These results would help to (re) define curricular contents of LIS programs as well as research and practical activities conducted by academicians and managers. This is the most comprehensive quantitative study in examining the epistemic borders between IM and KM in the LIS research. The authors consider that the methodological procedures here employed might be suitable to understand the boundaries between similar fields.

Should I Stay or Should I Go?: Investigating Nonprofit Sector Commitment Among Nonprofit Education Alumni

Graduates of nonprofit education programs have seemingly opted in to the nonprofit sector by means of their field of education, but prior research on worker sorting depicts a complex rationale for sector selection. This study used a sample of 153 alumni of nonprofit education programs to sort among factors influencing sector commitment. Given that these alumni have seemingly indicated a sector commitment by way of their education field, this analysis investigated factors that may disrupt sector commitment and found that individuals who view their work as a calling or who have a nonprofit identity are associated with a commitment to working in the nonprofit sector. This study adds to the growing body of sectoral differences literature and helps inform human resource management and leadership about employee characteristics that should be prioritized for development and promotion.Subscribe to JNEL

Transparency in the Management of Spanish Public University Libraries Through the Internet

Abstract Transparency in the management of 50 Spanish public university libraries was analysed using information available on their websites. The method consisted of checking the websites to identify a set of 18 evaluation indicators associated with the specific case of libraries and the Spanish Transparency Act, notably the chapter on active publishing. The indicators have been used in previous studies with the same objective. The results of the analysis revealed shortcomings, although there were also examples of good practises for each indicator, identified with libraries that have introduced quality systems for management. The indicators that were found most frequently in the sample were regulations, specific regulations for some services and service charters. However, the sample lacked some indicators that are vital to understand the reasons behind the development and management of information resources, such as the policy or programme of collection management. We found a need to review the quantity and quality of information that can be consulted on libraries’ websites, and the presentation and format of some types of information so that they can be reused.