Information And Communication Technology Industry Research Articles

The composite impact of ICT industry on lowering carbon intensity: From the perspective of regional heterogeneity

The balance between low carbon development and rapid economic growth is a ‘Gordian knot’ for most countries. This study aims to explore the practicable route of lowering carbon intensity with the expansion of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) industry in China. Using the provincial panel data from 2000 to 2017, the paper employs five indicators to empirically investigate the determinant mechanism of carbon intensity based on the refined Stochastic Impact by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) and spatial econometric models. The findings demonstrate that the ICT industry is the main force in adjusting carbon intensity. Despite constraint by the rebound effect, the net effect of the ICT industry shows a significant positive impact on lowering carbon intensity under the consideration of spatial dependence. Furthermore, compared with developed regions, the contribution of ICT on regional inequality of carbon intensity shows a higher share in developing regions. By applying the Oaxaca-Ransom counterfactual decomposition, the results reveal that there are substantial regional gaps between multi-comparable groups. The composite effect of informatization, industrialization, and urbanization accounts for the major share of the regional gap. Thus, policymakers should pay more attention to enhancing the ICT infrastructure in developing regions, boosting the ICT-related technology investment in specific sectors, coordinating regional cooperation, and balancing the migration of skilled workers.

A Study of Linkage Effects and Environmental Impacts on Information and Communications Technology Industry between South Korea and USA: 2006–2015

This study examined the relationship among carbon dioxide emissions and linkage effects using Input–Output (IO) data of the information and communications technology (ICT) industry between South Korea and the USA. As we wanted to find out if the ICT industry, which the world is passionate about, is a sustainable industry. The linkage effects are analyzed to determine the impact of ICT industry on the national economy, and CO2 emissions of the industry are analyzed to determine how much influence it has on air pollution. In addition, we classify ICT industry by ICT service and manufacturing industries as the key industries in Korea and the US. Data were collected from OECD ranging from 2006 to 2015 in order to quantitatively estimate backward linkage, forward linkage effect, and carbon dioxide emissions. The results indicated that ICT manufacturing industry in Korea has high backward and forward linkage effects. CO2 emissions from ICT service is more than from ICT manufacturing in both Korea and the US. We wanted to find out if the ICT industry, which the world is passionate about, is a sustainable industry. As a contribution, ICT manufacturing and service industries in Korea and the United States are directly compared, and CO2 emissions over 10 years are analyzed in a time series.

ICT-BASED STUDENT ENTREPRENEURIAL PROJECTS ANALYSIS OF SYSTEMATIC SUPPORT AND EVALUATION OF STUDENT INTEREST

In today’s modern world, more than ever before, students are faced with entrepreneurship based on the use of information and communication technology (ICT) as a reasonable and justified career choice. Whether their career choice would be successful or not depends a lot on the level of system support through entrepreneurial ecosystem during their education.The main objective of this paper is to present the current assessment, indicate the problems and possible solutions regarding the entrepreneurial infrastructure, culture and potential of higher education institutions in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. To achieve this, we have researched the level of the system support to students for development and launch of their ICT based start-ups during and after their university education respecting different educational profiles and demographic characteristics.The research covers the sample of 436 students from seven higher education institutions in Banja Luka at their bachelor studies and includes focus groups, survey, descriptive and inferential statistical methods.We have found significant discrepancy between university ICT programs and infrastructure and student needs. For instance, a quite large number of students interested in ICT industry attended some kind of informal education from this domain and at the same time they were unaware that those and similar programs were freely available at their universities. In this paper we have identified those and similar gaps and compared our research results with similar results in other countries.

Total factor productivity enablers in the ICT industry: A cross-country firm-level analysis

Advancements in productivity in the digital economy constitute an important engine for economic growth. What drives productivity dynamics in the information and communication technology (ICT) sector? This study examines the productivity dynamics of ICT firms across countries from the perspective of corporate balance sheets. We study the effects of intangible assets and leverage on productivity growth using firm-level panel data from five industrialized countries. We find that intangible assets positively affect the total factor productivity in the ICT sector. The positive effect of intangible assets on total factor productivity growth is larger for ICT manufacturing firms than for ICT service firms. We also find that leverage has a positive relationship with total factor productivity development in the ICT sector. In addition, our empirical results substantiated that productivity is catching up to the technological frontier. Furthermore, larger firms and/or younger firms generally show higher total factor productivity growth than their peers. Economies of scale are more prominent in the ICT service sector than in the ICT manufacturing sector. Our findings contribute to the understanding of cross-country productivity dynamics in the ICT sector at the firm level in the digital economy.

ICT Labor Market Needs: The Gap in Secondary School Graduate Soft Skills as a Challenge for the Educational System

The article deals with the topic of soft competences that should be acquired by secondary school students planning a professional career in the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector. In connection with the assumed goal, the paper describes key trends on the labor market in the ICT sector, indicates soft skills related to those trends as identified, and presents the results of an analysis of curricula and class organization in domestic and foreign secondary schools providing education in occupations related to the ICT industry. It also provides draft recommendations for companies. The research was carried out over the years 2019–2020. Desk–research, Individual In–depth Interview (IDI), and Computer Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) methods were used, as appropriate at each stage of the work. As a result of the research, a competency gap was identified among secondary school students, a catalogue of soft competences was developed, and recommendations were formulated for the Polish educational system at ISCED Level 3 and for entities in the ICT sector.

Assessing Embodied Carbon Emission and Its Intensities in the ICT Industry: The Global Case

With the intensification of globalization, the information and communication technologies (ICT) sector, as one of the emerging industrial sectors, has played an important role in reducing carbon emissions in regional trade and improving the energy efficiency of traded products. This article uses a multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model to explore the flow of embodied carbon emissions and embodied carbon emission intensities in the ICT sector triggered by trade in 15 major economies around the world from 2000 to 2014. The article further discusses the emission-reduction strategies of each ICT sector. The results show that: (1) The overall embodied carbon emissions of ICT have demonstrated a significant downward trend, but the proportion of embodied carbon emissions caused by trade is increasing; (2) The embodied carbon emissions in the ICT sector of most developed countries in 2014 are significantly lower than in 2000, but in developing countries such as China and India they show an upward trend during this period; (3) The ICT sector’s export embodied carbon emission intensity in Indonesia is much higher than that of other countries, and the embodied carbon emissions of ICT exported by Mexico have increased significantly; (4) The manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products (S1) is the main contributor to the ICT sector’s embodied carbon emissions, while import embodied carbon emission intensities among publishing activities (S2) are increasing significantly in most countries. The conclusion of this paper has important implications for how to reduce ICT’s embodied carbon emissions of major countries.

‘Sequencing Economics’ on the ICT Industry Agglomeration for Economic Integration

In this paper, we seek to establish ‘sequencing economics’ in an architectural theory on agglomerations that are comprised of various segments, such as infrastructure, institutions and human resources. The sequencing of such segments is based on a causal chain, with the notion of ‘economies of sequence’ regarded as a tool with which to efficiently sequence the segment construction, as defined by Granger causality relationships. The use of ‘new economic geography’ for cases in which such economies of sequence were applied to the information and communication technology (ICT) industry, the paper concludes that as the starting conditions for the sequencing of the segments of the agglomeration, the value of the share of skilled workers exceeds the threshold value at which the symmetric equilibrium shifts to an agglomeration equilibrium. The results of Granger causality testing identified that an increase in research expenses Granger-causes an increase in the number of patents, and an increase in the number of patents Granger-causes an increase in value added. Based on our results, we conclude that when sequencing the segments of an agglomeration in the ICT industry, the development and invitation of researchers is a precondition, and that the procurement of research funds for patent development precedes any increase in patents. Subsequently, the procurement of funds is necessary for the development of products based on the patents.

The ICT industry situation in Ukraine and world

The article examines the current state and position in the ratings of the countries of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) of Ukraine and the world. To analyse the situation in the ICT industry in Ukraine, statistical data from reports of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Statista, Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) for the period from 2005 to 2020 were used. The ICT Development Index (IDI), developed by ITU specialists, provides an assessment of the information and communication technologies development level in individual countries and allows comparing situation in different countries. The place occupied by Ukraine in the ranking of countries according to the IDI is a key benchmark of the strategy for the development of the information society in Ukraine. Further growth of the ICT sector is observed in the modernization of its infrastructure, increasing and spreading computer literacy of the population, ensuring its interest in the demand for industry services and increasing entrepreneurial activity. The development and widespread use of ICT is determined by the global trend of world development and is of decisive importance for increasing the economy competitiveness, expanding the possibilities of its integration into the world economic system, increasing the efficiency of public administration and local self-government. There are currently no alternatives to the development of the information society. In recent years, ICT has become an effective tool in economic relations arising in the process of production, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods between economic entities. The widespread introduction of information technology into the economic activity of society provokes the deepest infrastructural changes on the scale of the entire global economic space. Today, most countries strive to form an information society today, and the most priority areas of development are the creation of e-government, the introduction of information technologies in education, culture and healthcare.

What do Firms Gain from Patenting? The Case of the Global ICT Industry.

This study investigates the relationship between patenting activity, productivity, and market competition at the firm level. We focus on the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) industry as a particular case of an innovative sector whose contribution to modern economies is pivotal. For our purpose, we exploit financial accounts and patenting activity in 2009-2017 by 179,660 companies operating in 39 countries. Our identification strategy relies on the most recent approaches for a difference-in-difference setup in the presence of multiple periods and with variation in treatment time. We find that companies being granted patents increase on average market shares by 11%, firm size by 12%, and capital intensity by 10%. Notably, we do not register a significant impact of patenting on firms' productivity after challenging results for reverse causality and robustness checks. Findings are robust after we consider ownership structures separating patents owned by parent companies and their subsidiaries. We complement our investigation with an analysis of market allocation dynamics. Eventually, we argue that policymakers should reconsider the trade-off between IPR protection and market competition, especially when the benefits to firms' competitiveness are not immediately evident.

The evolution of business models of information and communication technology suppliers

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show how the business model of the information and communications technology (ICT) industry has evolved and the general differences that evolution has made to information management.Design/methodology/approachLiterature review was carried out accompanied by conceptual analysis.FindingsIt shows that changes in the business model of the ICT industry have been quite dramatic and have led to significant changes in the structure of the industry.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is based on analysis of the ICT industry. The analysis could be broadened to include other industries. Research into business model change should consider adopting the evolutionary approach taken in this paper.Practical implicationsManagers in the ICT industry should factor the likely evolution of business models in their industry into their planning.Social implicationsGovernment policymakers considering how to stimulate the development of the ICT industry in their country should be aware of the moving nature of their target.Originality/valueThis is one of the first papers to apply the evolutionary approach to business model change.

Green Cloud Software Engineering for Big Data Processing

Internet of Things (IoT) coupled with big data analytics is emerging as the core of smart and sustainable systems which bolsters economic, environmental and social sustainability. Cloud-based data centers provide high performance computing power to analyze voluminous IoT data to provide invaluable insights to support decision making. However, multifarious servers in data centers appear to be the black hole of superfluous energy consumption that contributes to 23% of the global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in ICT (Information and Communication Technology) industry. IoT-related energy research focuses on low-power sensors and enhanced machine-to-machine communication performance. To date, cloud-based data centers still face energy–related challenges which are detrimental to the environment. Virtual machine (VM) consolidation is a well-known approach to affect energy-efficient cloud infrastructures. Although several research works demonstrate positive results for VM consolidation in simulated environments, there is a gap for investigations on real, physical cloud infrastructure for big data workloads. This research work addresses the gap of conducting real physical cloud infrastructure-based experiments. The primary goal of setting up a real physical cloud infrastructure is for the evaluation of dynamic VM consolidation approaches which include integrated algorithms from existing relevant research. An open source VM consolidation framework, Openstack NEAT is adopted and experiments are conducted on a Multi-node Openstack Cloud with Apache Spark as the big data platform. Open sourced Openstack has been deployed because it enables rapid innovation, and boosts scalability as well as resource utilization. Additionally, this research work investigates the performance based on service level agreement (SLA) metrics and energy usage of compute hosts. Relevant results concerning the best performing combination of algorithms are presented and discussed.

VALUASI PERUSAHAAN BERDASARKAN DATA KEUANGAN DAN NON KEUANGAN (STUDI KASUS PADA PT. BERITA BALI MEDIA)

The role of Information and Communication Technology in supporting operational and managerial systems in government agencies today is felt to be increasingly important. With the significant developments in this field, it has led to various fundamental changes in all aspects, where information has become a very valuable and decisive commodity to achieve the success of running a government in a comprehensive sense. The era of globalization, advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and efforts to improve the performance of government agencies have encouraged the transformation of Government towards e-Government. The transformation of the manual governance work process system into an electronic-based work system is carried out through the use of ICT. Utilization of ICT includes activities related to data processing, information management, management systems and electronic work processes. Thus, to realize this transformation, it is necessary to develop e-Government. And now the implementation of e-Government has been implemented in almost all countries so that it has the opportunity to accelerate economic growth, increase people's welfare dramatically, and strengthen good governance practices. While utilization and development related to the use of information and communication technology in e-Development. E-Development has interrelated elements including e-Leadership along with institutional policies and arrangements, information and communication infrastructure, e-Government, e-Society and the supporting ICT industry. Efforts to develop e-Development have been made, although limited to only a few fields. The development of e-Development has received support from related government agencies such as DEPKOMINFO, the Ministry of Research and Technology and the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology.

ISOMORPHIC DRIVERS OF INSTITUTIONAL PRESSURE AND IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION TOWARDS THE ADOPTION PROPENSITY OF GREEN ICT

The rapid development of the Internet has amplified the use of information and communication technology (ICT). This has raised concerns regarding environmental sustainability in the ICT industry in relation to carbon emission, high electrical energy consumption, and vulnerable e-waste management practices. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between the isomorphic drivers of institutional pressure such as coercive, normative, and mimetic pressures, and the importance of implementing the Environmental Management System (EMS) towards the adoption propensity of green ICT in Malaysia. 127 ICT-based organizations under the Multimedia Digital Economy Corporation (MDEC) in Malaysia are utilized to gather data using a survey based on a 5 and 7-point Likert scale questionnaire. A proportionate stratified random probability sampling procedure is used for this purpose. The results from this exploratory study prove that both normative pressure and the importance of EMS implementation have a positive and significant relationship with the adoption propensity of Green ICT. This finding will be beneficial in assisting policy makers, academicians, and future researchers in determining the significant factors in the adoption propensity of Green ICT along with the materialization of Malaysia’s National Green Technology Policy. Keywords : Green ICT, Normative Pressure, Coercive Pressure, Mimetic Pressure, EMS. JEL Classifications : M150; M160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10618

A Novel Excellence Model of the ICT Industry: Case Study on Telecommunications Backbone Network of Iran

Todays, Information and Communications Technology (ICT), as one of the most effective factors of the advancement in all the aspects such as governance, security and risk, economics and technology, which is among the industries rapidly growing and developing. This paper examines the specific criteria and standards of ICT area for improving the quality of the services of the Telecommunications Backbone Network of Iran (TBNI). The research was done through the two methods of data collection, library and the field study. European Foundation for Quality Management Excellence Model (EFQM) was selected as the base model and with full attention to the specific requirements of ICT industry and due to adapt this model from the viewpoints of the security and risk, governance and economic, a novel integrated excellence model of TBNI was developed and customized. To achieve the highest level of reliability and internal coherence of each criterion, based on expert opinion polls, sub-criteria was categorized and analyzed in several stages using the factor analysis approach. The causal relationships and the influence of the criteria of this model on each other were investigated and the weights of each criterion and sub-criteria, using the structural analysis and shannon entropy methods, were determined. The self-evaluation of TBNI was systematically carried out and major opportunities for the improvement had been identified. Results showed that the establishment of this model had led to an improvement in a quality of services provided by this network and the products of all organizations that use any services of TBNI.

Formation and development of digital economy in Kazakhstan

The article discusses the current stage of transition to digitization, the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the industrial revolution, gives a brief description of technological structures in the world of technical and economic development. The natural resource-based economies of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation are quite similar; therefore, it is appropriate to take into consideration positive aspects of development and share of experiences between the two countries, including that in the field of forming and developing digitization. The main condition for the transformation of the national and global economy into an electronic format is the level of development of the ICT industry. In the article the level and dynamics of the basic indicators of the functioning of the ICT sector in Kazakhstan are analyzed. The analysis of the share of production and services in the ICT industry in relation to GDP in dynamics is presented. GDP dependence on production volumes and ICT services is analyzed using economic-mathematical modelling. Recommendations on using the research results for other territories, including the Russian Arctic zone are given.

Hacked IT superpower: how India secures its cyberspace as a rising digital democracy

ABSTRACT Why has India developed into one of the world’s top targets and sources of cyber attacks despite possessing a strategic edge in information and communications technology (ICT)? India has one of the most competitive ICT industries and workforces, largest global sourcing and fastest growing e-commerce markets, and second largest and fastest growing internet user base, and is a leader in using ICT to provide governance services, yet its economic and political information infrastructures have been disproportionality affected by cyber attacks. This article traces the evolution of cyber threats to India’s national security and identifies drivers of the national and international policies the Indian state has adopted to address these threats in the past two decades. It finds evidence for a growing gap between the ideation and implementation of cyber security legislation and policy, which is rooted in the political constraints inherent in India’s state capacity-building efforts, reluctance to engage in multistakeholder coordination, and struggles to yield gains from its hedging diplomacy in global cyber security negotiations. For the Security Studies scholarship on the sources of cyber insecurity, these findings highlight the need to further study the links between different types of cyber capacity, state structure and political systems as well as the specific conditions under which quickly digitizing democracies can effectively translate their ICT capacities and regulations into greater cyber resilience.

Security, Privacy, and Dependability Evaluation in Verification and Validation Life Cycles for Military IoT Systems

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a disruptive technology that complements the usage of modern day information and communications technology (ICT) systems. IoT systems, with their small form and cost factor coupled with their increasing reliability, have made huge inroads in all markets. Connected to some form of interconnected networks, either to the mainstream Internet or private networks, they enable ubiquitous and to a large extent autonomous operation. This has taken away the idea that sensing, actuation, and computing needs to be dependent on expensive and complicated legacy systems. Although complete discontinuation of legacy systems is still quite a long journey and would not be completely possible, IoT systems show the waypoints as to how the ICT industry will evolve. The military domain is not far away from adopting IoT technologies in its operational construct. The NATO IST-147 and 176 research task groups have closely examined applicability of IoT for federated and ubiquitous military applications. Introducing IoT devices in the military domain requires verification and validation (V&V) of ICT systems as per operational guidelines. This article proposes and applies a concept for security, privacy, and eependability evaluation of IoT systems that could be used for V&V processes. This would enable more streamlined and standardized evaluations of IoT systems before they can be deemed usable for military contexts.

The mechanism of innovation spill-over across sub-layers in the ICT industry

ABSTRACT While there has been a study regarding the mechanism of innovation spillover within an information and communication technology (ICT) ecosystem, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no research on the mechanism of innovation spillover between sublayers. To fill this gap, this study aimed to disentangle the empirical question of how innovation spills over between sublayers. We classified the ICT industry into three layers, Content, Goods, and Service, and collected financial data from KISVALUE over the last 18 years (2000–2017). Stochastic frontier and meta-frontier analysis were used to estimate the annual production function of each layer and the meta-production functions that encompass each sublayer’s frontiers. Based on the efficiency calculations, we introduced two types of instrumental variables: (1) each industry’s single radical innovation and (2) the effect of an industry’s incremental innovation, then regressed the firms’ efficiency on other industries’ radical and incremental innovation. The results showed that innovation from one sublayer affects the other sublayers’ productivity gains, thus triggering other types of innovation and causing reciprocal productivity gains in the other sublayers of the ICT ecosystem. This study sheds light on the mechanism of innovation spillover across sublayers in the ICT ecosystem, and the implications of the findings are discussed.

Smart Campus with A Learning Management System

Education now requires fast data access and new breakthroughs to support education in Indonesia. Data-based business opportunities that use campus-specific portals in Indonesian education are not new, but also not all levels of education have implemented this system. The purpose of this study is to describe the benefits of using an internal portal campus for the advancement of education and to analyze business opportunities in education. This study used a descriptive method to illustrate the accuracy of the benefits using the campus internal Learning Management System as well as using previous research related to the study. To access data quickly, collages need to build an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure, which does not require small capital to build ICT infrastructure, on the other hand, the Learning Management System is an alternative solution for students and lectures. The results of this study show that the function of the Learning Management System is useful in the education field because it can reduce computing costs and increase opportunities for the ICT industry.

Economic Ripple Effect Analysis of New Converging Industry: Focusing on Inter-Industrial Analysis of Fintech Industry in South Korea, China and the United States

The Fintech industry is the convergence of the financial industry and the ICT (Information and Communications Technology) industry. It not only replaces the services provided by traditional financial services such as remittances, settlements, and asset management, but also creates new industries combined with ICT technology such as Cloud funding, P2P, and Internet Professional Bank. Therefore, this research focuses on the economic ripple effect of the Fintech industry on the national economy by inter-industrial analysis. At the same time, in order to learn the different circumstances of Fintech industry worldwide, this study conducted comparative research on Fintech leading countries in the United States and China with South Korea. All the economic ripple effects of South Korea, China, and the United States Fintech industry are relatively low among all industries, and the industrial characteristics are analyzed to be 'intermediate primary production' type industry. This study, as the first attempt, analyzes the current economic impact of Fintech in each country, and inspires future development direction of Fintech industrial policy.