Influence Of Technological Parameters Research Articles

Formation of Corrosion‐Resistant Nitride Coatings Based on Ti–Al–Cr–Fe–Ni High‐Entropy Alloy

The purpose of the work is to study the features of the phase and structure formation of coatings (Ti–Al–Cr–Fe–Ni)N formed by vacuum arc deposition and to study the influence of technological parameters of the deposition process on their corrosive properties. It is established that on the basis of the selected elements, it is possible to form a high‐entropy compound in the form of a solid solution. The structure of nitride coatings based on high‐entropy compounds formed by vacuum arc deposition is studied. It is established that the phase composition of coatings largely depends on the ratio of titanium and aluminum, which is determined by the technological parameters of deposition. An analysis of the results of the electrochemical behavior of coatings (Al,Ti,Fe,Cr,Ni)N shows that an increase in the corrosion resistance of these coatings is due to the synergistic effect of the formation of a solid substitution solution with a dense nanoscale structure and an increased relative aluminum content in them.

Technological Parameters of Microfiltration in the Production of Micellar Casein Concentrate

Background:: There are many different factors that influence the process of microfiltration, including membrane pore size, pressure, temperature, and membrane origin. Studying the joint influence of technological parameters in order to justify rational modes of microfiltration is relevant. Objective:: This research aimed to define the rational technological parameters of microfiltration, which allow to achieve the target parameters of retentate in the process of obtaining micellar casein concentrate. Methods:: Standard and modified methods and techniques have been used in the process of experimental research. The mathematical processing was carried out by methods of mathematical statistics according to several trials data at three stage sequence. Results:: As a result of experimental investigations, the applicability of ceramic membranes for microfiltration of skim milk has been shown. The rational pore size has been established as 0,1 μm. To obtain the micellar casein concentrate, it is advisably to carry out the microfiltration of skim milk to the mass fraction of dry solids in concentrate (13 ± 3) %, followed by two-phase diafiltration with a double volume of reverse osmosis water. The rational operating conditions, allowing to get the target value of protein fractions correlation, have been established, as described as follows: input pressure as 0,2 – 0,3 MPa, and temperature as 10 – 15°С. Conclusion:: The analysis of microfiltration concentrates and permeates composition of raw milk, including vitamins and minerals content, showed both their high nutritional and biological value and the viability of further processing into food ingredients, including the ingredients for the specialized food products.

Research on the production technology of rubber epoxy from concentrated natural rubber latex

The results of research on epoxidation technology from concentrated natural rubber latex (CNRL) and in-situ peroxyformic acid, which is synthesised from formic acid (FA) and hydrogen peroxide (HP), are presented in the article. The study investigated the influence of technological parameters of the epoxidation process, such as stabiliser content (nonylphenol ethoxylate, NP9), dry rubber content (DRC), isoprene, stirring speed, reaction time, reaction temperature, and molar ratios of hydrogen peroxide and isoprene (IP), on the epoxy resin content of the product. Research results have shown that the epoxidation reaction with NP9 at 10% takes from 2.5 to 20 hours under the following conditions: latex composition contains from 16 to 24% DRC, stirring speed 100 rpm, reaction temperature response 30 to 70 °C, HP/IP molar ratio changes from 0.7 to 1.3, FA/IP ratio is 0.2, the product was stable and without coagulation. The product was obtained with an epoxy content of 23.4 to 43.6%. This is the basis for building an epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) production process to create a series of natural rubber products that are renewable, environmentally friendly, low-cost, and have many industrial applications.

Influence of Technological Parameters of Deposition on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Vacuum-Arc Multilayer Nitride Coatings Based on Chromium and Niobium

Influence of Technological Parameters of Deposition on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Vacuum-Arc Multilayer Nitride Coatings Based on Chromium and Niobium

The Use of 3D Printed Sand Molds and Cores in the Castings Production

As a part of this work, an analysis of the current state of knowledge regarding the use of additive technology - binder jetting in the production of castings was made. The binder jetting (so-called 3D printing) has become the leading method of sand mold and core production. Within this paper types of molding and core sands with organic and inorganic binders that are and can be used in technology were analyzed. The need to carry out works aimed at developing pro-ecological molding / core sands with inorganic binders and organic binders with reduced harmfulness to the environment dedicated to binder jetting technology was noticed. The influence of technology parameters on the properties of molding / core sands and the properties of cast components was analyzed. It was shown that thanks to the unlimited shapes of the systems obtained with the use of additive technologies, it is possible to influence the rate of heat dissipation through the mold, which positively effects the process of solidification and crystallization of the castings.

Determining the influence of technological parameters of electron beam surfacing process on the microstructure and microhardness of Ti-6Al-4V alloy

This paper reports the devised technology and equipment for manufacturing parts and assemblies with pre-defined properties by 3D printing methods. Underlying the technology is the application of a high-power electron beam to fuse metal powder in a vacuum chamber with the formation of successive layers that repeat the contours of the digital model of the product. The object of research is the process of surfacing products made of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy powder. The influence of technological parameters (speed and power of the electron beam) on the formation of the structure of the deposited metal and its mechanical properties was investigated. 3 samples printed under 3 modes were studied: beam speed, 270, 540, and 780 mm/s; power, 240, 495, and 675 W, respectively. The beam energy density was 44.5 J/mm3; the trajectory displacement step was 0.2 mm; the dynamic focusing current Idf was –0.31 A; and the powder layer thickness was 0.1 mm. The samples were examined by conventional methods. The structures were studied using an optical microscope, images were recorded with a camera. The Vickers hardness was measured with a microhardness meter in the direction from the technological supports to the surface of the sample, as well as along the surface of the product, and in the layers of the middle part of the sample. It was established that the articles had a dense cast structure of surfaced metal. On all samples, large crystallites with a uniform lamellar-acicular structure of α´-phase with a small amount of β-phase are formed along the height, mostly without defects with uniform microhardness both along the height and along the surface. It was determined that the surfacing mode at beam speed, 240 mm/s; power, 270 W is the most rational for practical use. Under this mode, a stronger structure is formed when it is crushed, reducing the width of the crystallites by 1.55 and 1.17 times compared to other modes

OPTIMIZATION OF THE EXTRACTION PROCESS OF HORSE CHESTNUT (AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM L.) POLYSACCHARIDES

The results of the development of optimal parameters for the extraction process of polysaccharides isolated from the shells of horse chestnut fruits collected on the territory of Tashkent and the Tashkent region of the Republic of Uzbekistan are presented. To identify the optimal indicators affecting the extraction processes, the influence of the following parameters on the yield of polysaccharides was studied: the ratio of raw materials: extractant, the extraction rate, the extraction temperature, the degree of evaporation. It has been established that at ratios of raw materials : extractant of 1 : 30, the highest yield of the final product is observed leads to a significant increase in the yield of the final product. The influence of the temperature regime on the yield of polysaccharides was carried out in the temperature range from 25 to 120 °С. At the same time, under constant conditions of the bath modulus of 1 : 30 and the duration of extraction of 2 hours with varying temperature, the highest yield of polysaccharides is observed at a temperature of 95 °С. The optimal degree of evaporation of the extract, in which no large losses of the final product are observed, is the degree of evaporation by 4 times. To assess the influence of technological parameters on the change in qualitative or quantitative indicators of the quality of PS, a one-way analysis of variance was studied for each experiment. Analysis of variance showed the significance of the Fisher criterion, since the p-value is less than 0.05, therefore, the influence of the studied parameters on the yield of polysaccharides can be considered proven. Keywords: extraction, aqueous fraction, extractant, analysis of variance.

Influence of Technological Parameters on the Cutting Temperature during Trochoidal Milling

Influence of Technological Parameters on the Cutting Temperature during Trochoidal Milling

Peculiarities of particle splicing at interlayer boundaries of hot-formed powder materials

Modern production of machine-building parts and building structures is directly related to the production of high-quality hot-formed powder materials. Powder metallurgy as a modern innovative technology, creating materials with unique physical properties, has such a significant advantage as environmental safety. The absence of aggressive and environmentally hazardous components in the technology makes the process of manufacturing powder steels harmless to the environment. The present scientific study deals with the given microstructures of hot-pressure treated powder materials. Residual porosity, which significantly affects the functional properties (mechanical and physical), is considered to be a fundamental factor influencing the areas of powder steel use. The mechanism of mutual diffusion of the introduced components and peculiarities of modeling the structure of powder blanks under conditions of sintering and subsequent deformation were studied. The influence of initial powder particle size on the formation of powder alloys structure under the characteristic features of homogenization under sintering conditions was analyzed. The conducted works allow to study the character of influence of technological parameters in the process of processing on the quality of powder materials splicing, formation of features of their structure and functional properties and qualities. The structure of almost porosity-free steel obtained during the tests of hot-pressure treatment is characterized by complete coverage of the entire number of particles by plastic deformation, which indicates its homogeneity, inherent in the initial particle size distribution of iron powder. The conducted scientific studies of physical processes during hot pressure deformation prove the decisive influence of the choice of technological parameters on improving the quality of splicing, as well as on the formation of microstructure and properties of powder steels.

Research of processes of thermochemical disposal of components of the morphological composition and model analogs of MSW

The article emphasizes that processing and disposal of household waste mainly concerns large densely populated cities, where millions of cubic meters of solid household waste (MSW) are accumulated annually. It was noted that thermal methods of solid waste disposal are among the most advanced methods of their processing. The advantage of these methods is a significant reduction in the volume of processed material. When waste is burned, its weight is reduced by 85-90%. In addition to reducing the volume and mass of waste, incineration of household waste allows you to obtain additional energy resources. Indicators of the amount of heat of combustion of MSW are similar to indicators of brown coal - from 1000 to 3000 kcal/kg.
 To date, existing waste incineration plants have a number of disadvantages, the main of which is low efficiency. The rate of useful use of thermal energy does not exceed 65%, even with the use of a more advanced property.
 The combustion processes themselves, the formation and composition of ash residues are affected by a large number of factors, starting with the properties and characteristics of the fuel, the physical and chemical properties of the raw materials, the parameters of the combustion process, the dispersed size of the fuel, the type of reactor, and the level of oxygen in the working area.
 Thus, the selection of the range of temperatures and pressures, the rate of heating of the gas medium for the thermogravimetric method of disposal of carbon-containing waste plays a decisive role in overcoming the shortcomings of this method.
 The purpose of the article is the development of a thermogravitational installation for studying the peculiarities of the flow of kinetic processes during the combustion of MSW samples.
 The article presents the development of an experimental thermogravitational unit for researching processes of thermochemical processing of carbon-containing alternative fuels with wide possibilities, which allows to study the influence of technological parameters on the combustion process. A description of the main nodes and the measurement system, the methodology of the experiment and the analysis of the obtained data is given. 
 A series of experiments was conducted with all the main components of solid waste: wood, food waste (potatoes, meat), office and chart paper, leather, garden waste, tetrapak, plastic. It is shown that the nature of the mass change curves of various components practically does not depend on their chemical composition and is determined mainly by the staged course of the combustion process, and the latter, in turn, by the rate of heating of the sample, the only exception being the combustion of plastic. The oxidation time of all components, except plastic, after reaching the temperature of the beginning of combustion (~ 200-250, sometimes 300 °С) is from 5-7 to 40-50 minutes, while the intensive combustion of plastic ends in 1 minute. 
 It was determined that the composition and thermophysical properties of ash play an important role in the processes of thermochemical disposal of MSW, affecting the value of the specific calorific value of MSW as a fuel and the value of the adiabatic temperature of the gaseous products of the process.

Primenenie iskusstvennogo intellekta dlya analiza protsessa izgotovleniya leynera

The paper demonstrates a technique that combines the use of artificial intelligence and the finite element method to analyze the production process of the liner – the seamless part of composite overwrapped pressure vessels obtained by tube forming. Instead of expensive physical experiments, computer simulation was used, which made it possible to quickly obtain "big data", including the main technological parameters of tube forming process, some metal flow features and the tendency for defects to appear. The processing of the data array was carried out in MATLAB using neural networks and a genetic algorithm for the multi-objective optimization problem. As a result, the influence of technological parameters on the formation of the liner geometry was determined, and the optimal variant of their manufacture was proposed, which is of practical interest to companies producing metal-composite cylinders.

INFLUENCE OF PROCESSING MODES ON ACCURACYAND SHRINKAGE OF THREADED PLASTIC PARTS OF OILFIELD EQUIPMENT

The study of the operating conditions of oil equipment made it possible to identify a set of indicators that most fully characterize the quality of plastic parts. It is known that the quality of parts of products made of various materials is a combination of mechanical, physical and operational indicators of any equipment. It is partially formed during their manufacturing process, depending on their materials and manufacturing method. And plastic parts are very different from metals depending on the area of application. This is due to the technologies for manufacturing structural products and individual parts from them. When manufacturing technologically complex parts from polymer materials, it is possible to achieve the required quality by controlling production modes depending on the grade of materials and the design of the parts being manufactured. Production of a thread of plastic details is rather difficult, than on metals. It is connected with the physical-mechanical processes coming in the course of production of concrete thread details from plastic by method of pressing and casting under pressure. Also mechanics of formation of plastic threads on details of the oil-field equipment on the specific properties differ from the threads received by a machining method on metals. As thread surfaces on plastic details are formed in compression molds depending on materials and the modes: temperatures, pressure and time of production. These regime parameters and guided parameters play a part at a guaranty of physical- mechanical properties of details in the course of production. In this regard, it in this article influences of technological parameters of production on quality of thread details oil-field equipment are considered. At the same time, in a wide range of operating parameters, the achievable boundaries of quality indicators for parts operating in the designs of exploration, drilling and operation equipment in the oil and gas industry are investigated. Mathematical relationships are established between the quality indicators (shrinkage and strength) of parts on the pressing temperature. Keywords: thread plastic details, accuracy, shrinkage, pressing pressure.

Influence of Technological Parameters during Multiwire Cutting of GaAs Ingots on the Surface Characteristics of the Plates

Influence of Technological Parameters during Multiwire Cutting of GaAs Ingots on the Surface Characteristics of the Plates

Tribological and Mechanical Properties of Gradient Coating on Al2O3-Based Coating Produced by Detonation Spraying Methods

This work is aimed at obtaining gradient coating of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) by detonation spraying. The influence of technological parameters of spraying on the formation of structure, phase composition. mechanical, and tribological characteristics of Al2O3 coatings have been investigated. It was determined that coatings obtained from the same raw powder materials under different technological conditions show different structural and phase characteristics. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that when the barrel is filled with gas mixture by 56%, the coating with the main phase α-Al2O3 is formed, and when the barrel is filled with gas mixture by 63%, the coating with the main phase γ-Al2O3, which is relatively more ductile than α-Al2O3, is formed. It is determined that the α-Al2O3 formed mainly on the surface provides good wear resistance. The bottom layer composed of γ-Al2O3 phase, which is relatively more ductile than α-Al2O3, provides good adhesion of the coating to the substrate. Tribological study showed that the coating obtained at 56% of filling shows good wear resistance compared to other samples. At 63% of filling the results of scratch test showed good adhesive strength. By varying the technological mode of detonation sputtering (56%, 53%, and 63%), Al2O3 coating with gradient structure was obtained, in which γ-Al2O3 smoothly transitions to α-Al2O3 from the substrate to the surface. The hardness of the coatings was found to increase smoothly from substrate to surface (12.4–14.2 GPa).

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ БИОРЕАКТОРА ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ПОБОЧНЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ ЖИВОТНОВОДСТВА

Reusing livestock by-products can increase the profitability of an agricultural enterprise and improve the environmental situation around it. One of the ways to process organic waste is anaerobic digestion to produce biogas. An analysis of common designs of biogas plant mixing systems showed that their common disadvantages are: increased risk of depressurization due to the presence of moving parts in the bioreactor and their seals; significant time costs to comply with the technology; with a sectional bioreactor, several pumps are used. An automated hydraulic mixing system has been developed for an experimental sample of a biogas plant, including: a recirculation pump, suction and discharge pipelines, time relays, solenoid valves for water supply, pressure gauges, valves. The influence of technological parameters of the hydraulic mixing system on the intensity of the gas formation process was studied. A regression equation was obtained to determine the influence of the duration and frequency of mixing on the efficiency of the process of processing livestock by-products. It has been established that in the selected interval the process of gas formation, according to the results of this multifactorial experiment, is directly proportional to the frequency of mixing of the processed substrate. Periodic stirring of the fermented mass for 10 minutes every 4 hours is proposed to maintain stable and efficient operation of the biogas plant. These technological parameters make it possible to more effectively prevent the formation of floating crust and sediment, areas of different temperatures and pH inside the digester, and also contribute to the uniform distribution of the bacterial population in the volume of the bioreactor.

Influence of Technological Parameters on Chip Formation and Chip Control in Precision Hard Turning of Ti-6Al-4V.

This article presents the results of an experimental investigation into the effect of process parameters in the precision hard turning of Ti-6Al-4V on chip morphology at both macro and micro levels. It also reports on the control of chip generation to improve chip evacuation and breakability at the macro level by varying the process parameters, namely, feed rate, cutting speed and depth of cut during turning tests. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the chips produced for a better understanding of chip curling mechanisms at the micro level. Surface roughness of the machined specimens was measured to assess the effect of chip evacuation on obtainable surface quality. From the results, it was found that the interaction of process parameters has a significant effect on the control of chip formation. In particular, the interaction of higher cutting speeds and greater depths of cut produced chip entanglement with the workpiece for all values of feed rates. Using relatively higher feed rates with a low depth of cut showed good results for chip breaking when machining at higher cutting speeds. Different chip curling mechanisms were identified from the SEM results. Chip side-curl formation showed different segmentation patterns with an approximately uniform chip thickness along the chip width, while chip up-curl occurred due to variations in chip thickness. Finally, it was found that the tangling of the chip with the workpiece has a significant effect on the final surface quality.

RESEARCH OF THE CURRENT STATE AND TECHNOLOGICAL OPPORTUNITIES OF ELECTROLYTE-PLASMA CHEMICAL HEAT TREATMENT OF STEELS

In the modern world, one of the most important requirements for the production of structural steel parts in machine building is improved hardness and wear resistance. Electrolyte-plasma chemical-thermal treatment is one of the best solutions for this problem, as the surface of steel is modified while the core of the part remains in a ductile state for resistance to impact loading, and this method is resource-saving due to the saving of energy and material consumption. In the present work the questions of technological possibilities of the method of electrolyte-plasma chemical heat treatment of steels are considered. The research results of other authors have been studied, and the analysis of the influence of technological parameters on the change of structural-phase state and improvement of microhardness at electrolyteplasma chemical heat treatment has been given. Electrolyte-plasma carburizing of 20X steel was carried out at the electrolyte-plasma chemical heat treatment unit. A solution of 10% soda ash (Na2CO3), 20% urea (CH4N2O) in 70% distilled water was used as an electrolyte. It was found that the cross section of steel after electrolyte-plasma carburizing has a zonal structure, so the modified layer with a thickness of ⁓50 μm consists of α-Fe, α'-Fe, Fe3C. After electrolyte plasma treatment of 20X steel, the microhardness increased ⁓3.5 times compared to the initial state.

The Influence of Technological Parameters on the Structure and Properties of the Al–Cu–Mg–Si Alloy Obtained Using Selective Laser Melting

The Influence of Technological Parameters on the Structure and Properties of the Al–Cu–Mg–Si Alloy Obtained Using Selective Laser Melting

The Influence of Technological Parameters on the Structure and Properties of the Selective Laser Melting Al–Cu–Mg–Si Alloy

Abstract—Monolithic and bulk-structured samples of different densities were produced by means of selective laser melting on the 3D-metal printer Realizer SLM 100. An evaluation of their quality and structure characterization were carried out. Correlation of parameters of synthesis—intertrack distance and layer thickness at 200 W laser power, and structural characteristics were determined. According to the experimental results, optimal parameters of the synthesis were found for obtaining samples from AK6 alloy with dispersed structure and high mechanical properties. Correlation of the fine structure paramerers of the volume-structured samples with cubic geometry and synthesis parameters were established, types of defects that affect their mechanical properties were determined.

Evaluation of the influence of technological parameters of screw piercing on the shell quality and process stability

Evaluation of the influence of technological parameters of screw piercing on the shell quality and process stability