Influence Of Material Characteristics Research Articles

Influence of material characteristics on plant-based milk alternative properties

Plant-based milk alternatives are gaining increasing relevance in the food industry, but the influence of plant proteins and fibers on the specific product properties has not yet been explored. In this study, the influence of soy protein isolate and the oat fiber β-glucan on the emulsion and powder properties of plant milk alternatives is analyzed. The components exhibit different behavior at the oil-water interface after homogenization, thereby affecting droplet size distribution, dynamic viscosity and emulsion stability in terms of electrostatic repulsion. To determine the interactions of the components at the interface, the individual raw materials soy protein isolate and oat bran as well as mixtures of both were investigated. The measurements highlight variations between the fiber component and the plant protein source at the interface. The identified differences in emulsion characteristics also manifest in spray drying with different particle sizes and lipid encapsulation efficiencies.

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of auxetic-FGM sandwich plates resting on a Kerr elastic substrate under blast loading

This study examines the nonlinear dynamic response of sandwich plates placed on the Kerr elastic substrate under blast loading. The plate is composed of an auxetic honeycomb core and functionally graded material (FGM) coating layers. The volume fraction of FGM is determined following the power-law model (P-FGM). The equations of motion of the plate are formulated by using the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) in conjunction with the use of the Airy stress function. The Runge-Kutta scheme, with the assistance of the Galerkin technique, is utilized in the present study to obtain numerical results for the nonlinear dynamic response of the plate. After verifying the proposed solution, the influences of material characteristics, blast loading, elastic substrate, and geometry parameters on the free vibration and nonlinear dynamic behavior of the plate are investigated comprehensively. The results show that negative Poisson’s ratio has a significant effect on the linear and nonlinear vibration characteristics of the auxetic-FGM sandwich plate.

Simulation of Particle Breakage in Vibration Mill Based on Tavares Model

In this paper, discrete element simulation software EDEM and Tavares crushing model were used to carry out numerical simulation research on the motion characteristics and crushing characteristics of materials in the MZ100 vibration mill during the grinding process. The influence of material characteristics, shape characteristics and filling rate of grinding media, vibration frequency, and amplitude of vibration mill on the efficiency and effect of vibration mill was analyzed. The factors affecting the distribution characteristics of the rotary center of mass and the low-energy region of the grinding medium in the grinding cavity are discussed. The extreme inflection point of the crushing efficiency of the grinding material in the grinding cavity with respect to the increase of the excitation frequency is obtained. In order to improve the grinding efficiency and reduce the low energy zone, the optimum process parameters of eccentric vibration grinding were discussed, which provided theoretical guidance for the efficient crushing of grinding materials.

The influence of material characteristics and environmental circumstances on the efficiency of water repellent treatments of historic facades

Water repellents are widely applied directly to the outer surfaces of existing buildings to increase the hydrophobicity of porous materials. Research on the efficiency of water repellent treatment under practical approaches and environmental circumstances are limited. This study aims to examine the hydrophobic efficiency of a siloxane-based water repellent solvent on different materials (natural stone, brick and lime mortar) using the practical application approach of spraying, and to determine how material characteristics and application conditions affect the water repellent agent’s efficiency.Spray-treated samples demonstrate comparable hydrophobic efficiency to those capillary absorbed samples, though absorb less active agent during treatment. Application temperature and relative humidity have little effect on water repellent efficiency. Moreover, the critical coverage amount for different material varied. Lime mortar and limestone's hydrophobic performance is less effective than that on brick and sandstone due to their chemical components and pore structure.

Influence of material characteristics on impact response for fabrics made of glass and aramid fibers

This paper presents a meso-level FE model of unidirectional yarns in order to point out the difference in impact response for two materials: glass and aramid fibers. The architecture is kept the same, successive layers of yarns, oriented 0° and 90°. The constitutive model for each yarn material is bilinear with hardening, as taken from recent documentation. The projectile is a 9 mm FMJ with the geometry close to the actual one and the metallic alloys for core and jacket are also bilinear with hardening. There were analysed the stages of the impact and failure process, the equivalent stress distributions on yarns and, based on the simulation results, the authors made recommendations for an actual design of a ballistic protection system.

The influence of material characteristics on dam stability under rapid drawdown conditions

The influence of material characteristics on dam stability under rapid drawdown conditions

Control of transient states for upconversion emission color adjustment

Lanthanide ions doped upconversion luminescence materials have attracted great attention due to their potential applications in anti-counterfeiting, volumetric display, optical multiplexing, and bioimaging. Previous studies showed that it is possible to control transient states of lanthanide ions, enabling a large luminescence color gamut in one fixed composition upconversion material. However, the influences of material characteristics and excitation conditions on transient states have not been fully understood. Here we experimentally demonstrated that three factors, namely, doping concentration, excitation pulse width, and excitation pulse peak intensity, can be utilized to effectively control the transient states of NaYF4:20%Yb/0.5%Er and NaYF4:90%Yb/0.5%Er microrods for upconversion emission color adjustment and theoretically studied their temporal responses. Moreover, we demonstrated a proof of concept of a fluorescence anti-counterfeiting application based on the distinguishable transient-state properties of the upconversion microrods.

Response of Concrete Elements Subjected to Impact by Fragments with Varying Aspect Ratios

Concrete specimens of varying compressive strengths were subjected to impact from fragments with relatively common width-to-thickness, or aspect, ratios. The influence of material characteristics on penetration and perforation response and the ability of existing penetration depth prediction methodologies to forecast protective structural member performance when impacted by these fragments were evaluated. The structural element response was assessed using a cylindrical target specimen designed with a circumferential steel ring to provide radial confinement. The general relationships between concrete compressive strength and impact response, mass loss, and the benefits of fiber reinforcement in structural element protective performance were found to be similar regardless of fragment aspect ratio. Compressive strength was found to have a greater effect on impact performance, and penetration depth was found to be of greater concern as the fragment aspect ratio decreased. Some existing penetration methodologies were found to be fairly accurate when predicting impact response from lower-aspect-ratio fragments; this was not the case for high-aspect-ratio fragment impacts on the same concrete materials.

Manufacturing Parameters, Materials, and Welds Properties of Butt Friction Stir Welded Joints-Overview.

The modern and eco-friendly friction stir welding (FSW) method allows the combination of even such materials that are considered to be non-weldable. The development of FSW technology in recent years has allowed a rapid increase in the understanding of the mechanism of this process and made it possible to perform the first welding trials of modern polymeric and composite materials, the joining of which was previously a challenge. The following review work focuses on presenting the current state of the art on applying this method to particular groups of materials. The paper has been divided into subchapters focusing on the most frequently used construction materials, with particular emphasis on their properties, applications, and usage of the FSW method for these materials. Mechanisms of joint creation are discussed, and the microstructure of joints and the influence of material characteristics on the welding process are described. The biggest problems observed during FSW of these materials and potential causes of their occurrence are quoted. The influence of particular parameters on the properties of manufactured joints for each group of materials is discussed on the basis of a wide literature review.

Determination of stress concentration factor in the section of the composite plate weakened by the hole, upon contact of the hole with the cylinder

Problematic. When designing bolted joints (BJ), it is necessary, to carry out verification strength calculations. In this case, it is advisable to use express analysis: calculations using simple formulas of sufficient accuracy. One of the main strength calculations of BJ is the calculation of the gap section weakened by the hole. For BJ plates made of layered fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP), the problem has not yet been solved.Research objective. To verify the accuracy of two well-known express analysis formulas for stress concentration factors (SCF) at the contact of the hole with the bolt, using contrasting examples of materials and schemes for reinforcing FRP plates.Realization technique. Numerical calculations were carried out using the finite element method (contact problem) for a BJ plate made of layered FRP. A 3D orthotropy of each monolayer was assumed. Two simple express analysis formulas were tested. The results are tabulated. The illustrations are provided.The results of research. Numerical estimates are obtained that characterize the degree of influence of material characteristics and reinforcement patterns in a layered FRP plate and the accuracy of the formulas considered.Conclusions. A change in the material and the reinforcement scheme of the layered FRP leads to a significant change in the SCF values of the bolt-loaded hole in the section of the plate weakened by the hole, and the considered express analysis formulas have insufficient accuracy for contrast cases of materials and plate reinforcement schemes. More research is needed.

Molding Wetting by Laser-Induced Nanostructures

The influence of material characteristics—i.e., type or surface texture—to wetting properties is nowadays increased by the implementation of ultrafast lasers for nanostructuring. In this account, we exposed multilayer thin metal film samples of different materials to a femtosecond laser beam at a 1030 nm wavelength. The interaction generated high-quality laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) of spatial periods between 740 and 790 nm and with maximal average corrugation height below 100 nm. The contact angle (CA) values of the water droplets on the surface were estimated and the values between unmodified and modified samples were compared. Even though the laser interaction changed both the surface morphology and the chemical composition, the wetting properties were predominantly influenced by the small change in morphology causing the increase in the contact angle of ~80%, which could not be explained classically. The influence of both surface corrugation and chemical composition to the wetting properties has been thoroughly investigated, discussed and explained. The presented results clearly confirm that femtosecond patterning can be used to mold wetting properties.

Dynamic and Static Characteristics of Double Push Rods Electromechanical Converter

Due to the influence of material characteristics and winding power, single output electromagnet has limited ability to improve the dynamic characteristic of electro-hydraulic valve. Therefore, an electromechanical converter with double push rods is proposed in this paper, which can simultaneously output two electromagnetic forces, can push or pull the valve core and sleeve according to the current direction and realize rapid operation of load. According to the electromagnetic principle and the magnetic circuit analysis method, the mathematical model and equivalent circuit of the electromechanical converter with double push rods are established. Through the finite element simulation model of the electromechanical converter with double push rods with the same magnetization directions, the changing rules of its magnetic field distribution and force–displacement behaviors are studied and analyzed. According to the analysis results, the electromagnetic mechanical parameters and mechanical structure of the electromechanical converter with double push rods are determined, and the prototype is made. The test platform for the push-pull characteristics of the electromechanical converter with double push rods is built, and its static and dynamic characteristics are tested and analyzed. The results show that the thrust and pull output characteristics of the internal and external push rods are basically consistent with the simulation output, and proportional to the current density of the coil; the push-pull hysteresis of internal and external push rods output force is less than 5%; and the dynamic time response characteristics of the displacement and force are obtained. The hysteresis effect of output force is improved effectively through the H bridge drive control circuit modulated by PWM. Compared with the displacement response of a single-winding electromagnet with a similar volume, it can effectively improve the dynamic displacement response. Follow-up work will further optimize the structure of the electromechanical converter and test the corresponding pilot valve. The research results provide a new theory for improving the output characteristics of electro-hydraulic pilot valve and have an extremely high engineering application value and broad application prospect.

Numerical and experimental study on the influence of material characteristics on the levitation performance of squeeze-film air bearing

Abstract This research investigated the effects of material characteristics on the load-carrying capacity of squeeze-film air bearings (SFABs). Bearings with the same size and structure but are made of different materials, namely, aluminum (AL 2024), brass (CuSn35), and spring steel (60Si2Mn), were manufactured and tested. A theoretical analysis model was established to investigate the levitation performance of SFABs by coupling the near-field acoustic levitation (NFAL) and flexure pivot-tilting pad models. A test apparatus with the facility of measuring the floating performance of a shaft was designed and fabricated. Studies have shown that material characteristics are extremely important for the levitation performance of SFABs, and aluminium (AL 2024) was identified as the most suitable materials among the three materials.

Influence of granular material characteristics in the behaviour of “Bouregreg Valley” soft ground improved with stone columns

The use of finite element analysis has become widespread in geotechnical practice as means of optimizing engineering tasks; it can be easily applied to the treated areas by stone columns, which are a method of improving the soil having low geotechnical properties and likely to deform significantly under load action, by incorporating granular material (commonly called ballast) compacted by remounting passes, so they act mainly as inclusions with a higher stiffness, shear strength than the natural soil. Moreover the stone columns are highly permeable and act as vertical drains facilitating consolidation of the soft soil improving the performance of the foundation. However the characteristics of this granular material influence the behavior of soft soils treated by the stone columns technique, especially: the friction angle, the cohesion, the modular ratio and the constitutive model. The choice of the constitutive model depends on many factors but, in general, it is related to the type of analysis that we intend to perform. Numerical modeling must consider the diversity of the materials nature, the complex geometry of structures-land and the behavior of materials generally nonlinear (permanent deformation). It is a simple and effective alternative to approach the real behavior of soils reinforced by stone columns and the influence of materials characteristics, it allows settlement analysis, lateral deformation, vertical and horizontal stresses in order to understand the behavior of columns and soil. It also has the advantage of integrating the settlements of the underlying layers. This paper aims to study the mechanisms of functioning and interactions of stone columns with the surrounding ground, and vis-à-vis the various parameters characterizing the granular material "ballast" and the surrounding soil, which influence the behavior of the improved soil, The paper presents, in the first part, soil conditions and the parameters associated with columns, is then presented 3D finite element analyses, so the parametric study was carried out varying several properties especially granular material properties.

Influence of granular material characteristics in the behaviour of “Bouregreg Valley” soft ground improved with stone columns

The use of finite element analysis has become widespread in geotechnical practice as means of optimizing engineering tasks; it can be easily applied to the treated areas by stone columns, which are a method of improving the soil having low geotechnical properties and likely to deform significantly under load action, by incorporating granular material (commonly called ballast) compacted by remounting passes, so they act mainly as inclusions with a higher stiffness, shear strength than the natural soil. Moreover the stone columns are highly permeable and act as vertical drains facilitating consolidation of the soft soil improving the performance of the foundation. However the characteristics of this granular material influence the behavior of soft soils treated by the stone columns technique, especially: the friction angle, the cohesion, the modular ratio and the constitutive model. The choice of the constitutive model depends on many factors but, in general, it is related to the type of analysis that we intend to perform. Numerical modeling must consider the diversity of the materials nature, the complex geometry of structures-land and the behavior of materials generally nonlinear (permanent deformation). It is a simple and effective alternative to approach the real behavior of soils reinforced by stone columns and the influence of materials characteristics, it allows settlement analysis, lateral deformation, vertical and horizontal stresses in order to understand the behavior of columns and soil. It also has the advantage of integrating the settlements of the underlying layers. This paper aims to study the mechanisms of functioning and interactions of stone columns with the surrounding ground, and vis-à-vis the various parameters characterizing the granular material "ballast" and the surrounding soil, which influence the behavior of the improved soil, The paper presents, in the first part, soil conditions and the parameters associated with columns, is then presented 3D finite element analyses, so the parametric study was carried out varying several properties especially granular material properties.

Influence of material characteristics on the structure and properties of high-density polyethylene microporous membranes

Five PE resins with different material characteristics were chosen to fabricate microporous membranes based on a melt-stretching mechanism.

シリカフュームとフライアッシュを併用した超高強度コンクリートの硬化メカニズムと材料特性が強度に及ぼす影響

シリカフュームとフライアッシュを併用した超高強度コンクリートの硬化メカニズムと材料特性が強度に及ぼす影響

Insights on the reactivity of ordered porous carbons exposed to different fluorinating agents and conditions

The fluorination of porous carbonaceous materials was systematically investigated employing different fluorinating agents (molecular F2 and atomic F released by XeF2 decomposition) and conditions (static and dynamic). Two ordered porous carbonaceous materials, that is, mesoporous silica-templated carbon (STC) and microporous zeolite-templated carbon (ZTC), were synthesized along with a microporous commercial carbonaceous material (CPC) for comparison purposes. Besides the different textural features (specific surface area and pore size), the materials present distinct surface chemistries in terms of functional group types and quantity. The influence of material characteristics on the formed fluorinated carbonaceous materials was investigated by several analysis techniques. Thus, the nature, strength, and thermal stability of the C–F bonds was assessed by 13C and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed desorption coupled with mass spectrometry. The modification of porous texture and organization was carried out by nitrogen adsorption, small-angle X-ray scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. Based on these techniques, the following classifications could be established according to the carbon reactivity under a fluorine atmosphere and employing the fluorination method: STC>ZTC≫CPC and F2 static>F2 dynamic>XeF2. The reactivity of the materials is driven by their rich surface chemistry (STC) and high surface area (ZTC).

Investigation of Elastic Machine Element Measurement Error

Today, mechanical engineering is connected with more precise measurements. Especially it is important for elastic machine elements and nanocoatings, which are used for friction surfaces, contacting parts, corrosion surfaces, conducting films etc.In this paper measurement error is described taking into consideration parameters of new ISO standard (EN ISO 25178) for 3D surface texture.The given paper studies contact of rough surfaces, probability distribution of peak height and influence of material characteristics on measurement error.

A Study into the Influence of Material Characteristics on Book Binding Design

The paper studies the application of different material sense qualities in book binding design through case study. It further proposes that binding material functions as a powerful language in book binding design, and the variety of binding materials produces a richer variety of book binding design such as diversified forms, contents and binding technologies, thus putting higher standards on modern book binding design.