Abstract
Lanthanide ions doped upconversion luminescence materials have attracted great attention due to their potential applications in anti-counterfeiting, volumetric display, optical multiplexing, and bioimaging. Previous studies showed that it is possible to control transient states of lanthanide ions, enabling a large luminescence color gamut in one fixed composition upconversion material. However, the influences of material characteristics and excitation conditions on transient states have not been fully understood. Here we experimentally demonstrated that three factors, namely, doping concentration, excitation pulse width, and excitation pulse peak intensity, can be utilized to effectively control the transient states of NaYF4:20%Yb/0.5%Er and NaYF4:90%Yb/0.5%Er microrods for upconversion emission color adjustment and theoretically studied their temporal responses. Moreover, we demonstrated a proof of concept of a fluorescence anti-counterfeiting application based on the distinguishable transient-state properties of the upconversion microrods.
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