Influence Of Different Systems Research Articles

The influence of main tillage and fertilizer systems on the yield of cultures of the four-field crop rotation in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest Steppe

Aim.To determine the influence of different systems of basic tillage and fertilization on the yield of field crops in a four-field crop rotation. Methods. Field, statistical (statistical processing of research results), comparative and calculation (determining the economic efficiency of growing crops). Established and conducted research in accordance with generally accepted methods in agriculture. Results. The highest yield of white mustard (0.91 t/ha) was provided by the chisel system of the main tillage against the background of organic-mineral fertilizer, which was 0.12 t/ha (15%) of the increase compared to the control (shelf system). In general, the background of organo-mineral fertilizer provided a significant increase in productivity compared to the mineral background (13–25%) for all systems. The highest yield of winter wheat (6.51 t/ha) was provided by the flat-cut system of the main tillage against the background of organic-mineral fertilizer, which was 0.2 t/ha (3%) increase compared to the control. In general, the background of organo-mineral fertilizer provided an increase in productivity compared to the mineral background by 0.3–8%. The highest yield of soybeans (2.55 t/ha) was provided by the chisel system of the main tillage against the background of organic-mineral fertilizer, which was 0.25 t/ha (11%) of the increase compared to the control. In general, the background of organo-mineral fertilizer provided an increase in productivity compared to the mineral background (1–4%) for all systems, except for the shelf system. The highest yield of spring barley (5.31 t/ha) was provided by the shelf (control) system of the main tillage against the background of organic-mineral fertilizer. In general, the background of organo-mineral fertilization provided a significant increase in spring barley productivity compared to the mineral background (9–15%) for all systems. Conclusions. Based on the results of research, it was determined that the best option for the main tillage against the background of organo-mineral fertilizer for white mustard is a chisel system with chiselling under the crop at 25–27 cm, for winter wheat - flat-cut with flat-cut tillage at 22–25 cm, for soybeans – chisel with chiselling at 25–27 cm, for spring barley - shelf with plowing at 20–22 cm. In terms of profitability, the background of organic-mineral fertilizers is dominated by mineral by 19–25%.

Institutions, parties and the evolution of electoral preferences

AbstractPolitical institutions and parties define the set of choices faced by voters, and structure the evolution of electoral preferences over the election cycle. While previous research examines the characteristics of institutions, here we consider the influence of political parties. We theorize ways in which they matter to the formation of electoral preferences over the election timeline, and also how these relate to institutional features. Our analysis simultaneously assesses the influence of different system‐ and party‐level variables on the dynamic structure of voters’ preferences in legislative elections using a dataset of 27,357 vote intention polls in 26 countries since 1942, covering 231 discrete electoral cycles and encompassing 208 political parties. The results indicate that electoral institutions and parties are both important, but the characteristics of parties matter most of all, and effectively mediate institutional influences. These results have implications for the effects of election campaigns, the prediction of election outcomes, and party behavior itself.

Winter wheat productivity depending on the systems of primary tillage against the background of short-term crop rotations in the South of Ukraine

Topicality. In the current agricultural environment, there is a trend towards simplification of tillage, wrong crop rotation sequences, narrowing of specialisation of most agricultural enterprises, and therefore the role of the predecessor and tillage systems as one of the least costly ways to optimise winter crop cultivation will only increase. For this reason, the development and research of various schemes of primary tillage on the background of short-term crop rotation will continue to be a topical issue and will always be subject to scientific and practical interest. Purpose. Our research aimed to development of environmental friendly technologies for competitive production of high-quality crop production in the Black Sea Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The field method was the main method, which was supplemented by analytical studies, measurements, calculations and observations in accordance with generally accepted methods and guidelines in agriculture and crop production. In the experiment, the systems of crop rotations and primary tillage were studied. Results. The influence of different systems of primary tillage on the winter wheat yield in short-term crop rotation was studied. It was found that in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, the moldboardless tillage created the best conditions for the formation of winter wheat yield in the 1st, 2nd and 4th crops. The highest yields were in all experimental variants after such predecessors as black fallow and green manure fallow with winter vetch. Conclusions. For all experimental variants, the best results in terms of yield were observed after black fallow and green manure fallow with winter vetch in the 1st and 4th crops. In the 2nd crop, green manure fallow with winter vetch had an advantage of 4.9 % compared to black fallow. In winter wheat, a positive effect on the formation of yields was manifested by moldboardless tillage. Key words: crop rotation, predecessors, primary tillage system, yield, winter wheat

Research progress of metal-organic framework-based material activation of persulfate to degrade organic pollutants in water.

The rapid development of industry in recent years has led to the introduction of serious pollutants into water bodies, and there is an urgent need for efficient organic degradation technologies. At present, selective peroxynitrite (PS) oxidation (SR-AOPs) is an effective way to treat pollutants in water bodies, and it is necessary to select a suitable material for the activation of peroxynitrite. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), with their tunable structure, large specific surface area, and tunable ligand molecules exhibit excellent reactivity and catalytic performance in the activation of persulfate. With MOF-based materials for PS activation as a novel advanced oxidation technology, this study reviews MOFs and their composites and derived materials. The current research status of activated persulfate for the treatment of organic pollutants in water, the influence of different systems on the degradation performance are discussed, and the activation and degradation mechanisms are discussed; the problems of the above materials in the degradation of organic pollutants are summarized, and research directions based on the coupled activated persulfate system of MOF materials are proposed.

Numerical thermal performance analysis of light steel insulated walls under fire

Light-gauge steel-framed (LSF) walls are being adopted by the Algerian construction industry as a new alternative to the traditional infilled frames due to the advantages they provide. The strength-to-weight ratio of Cold Formed Section (CFS) leads to lighter structures and a decrease in the building cost. However, in the case of fire, the high shape factor combined with the loss of material properties of the unprotected, slender CFS can result in structural failure. Because of their conductivity, elevated temperatures have an effect on the thermal performance of panels, necessitating the use of appropriate insulation. The purpose of this paper is to perform a numerical analysis of the thermal behavior of LSF walls protected by plasterboard or magnesium oxide board, as well as cavity insulations. Numerical models are developed, using ANSYS software to simulate the thermal performance of LSF walls under ISO 834 fire. Thermal simulations are done to predict temperature profiles, maximum temperatures, and the estimated fire resistance level (FRL). This research has produced results to better evaluate the influence of different systems of protection and insulation used for the CFS under fire.

Efficiency of control of segetal vegetation in oats in organic agriculture

The article analyzes the results of studies conducted in the stationary experiment of NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAS» to determine the impact of different systems of basic tillage on weed agrocenosis of oats in single and mixed crops with legumes (oats + diaper). The aim of the research is to establish the influence of different systems of basic tillage on the level of weediness of crops. The technology of growing crops in the experiment is generally accepted and recommended for the research area. The obtained research results convincingly show that from the replacement of fallow plowing by 20–22 cm by autumn disc cultivation by 10–12 cm weediness of oat crops at the time of its tillering increased from 15 to 25 pieces/m2 on average during the research or 40%. It was found that sowing oat-diaper mixture with 25% bean component, regardless of the system of main tillage, is an effective phytocoenotic agro-measure of control of segetal vegetation and reduces by 9–20% weed binary crops compared to monocotyledons. The priority of application of additional agrotechnical measure of control of segetal vegetation in agrocenosis of oats by carrying out spring pre-emergence loosening of soil by non-shelf implements by 6–8 cm was proved, which allowed to significantly reduce weed infestation. In particular, the spring pre-emergence loosening against the background of fallow plowing and autumn shallow disc cultivation weed reduction of oat crops decreased by 18 and 25% and 20 and 26%, respectively.

The influence of different systems of basic tillage in short-rotation crop rotations on grain volume weight of winter wheat

The influence of different systems of basic tillage in short-rotation crop rotations on grain volume weight of winter wheat

Influence of agricultural systems and basic tillage on soil microorganisms number under winter wheat crops of the Right-bank Forest-Dteppe of Ukraine

The results of studying the influence of different systems of agriculture and measures of basic tillage on the number of microorganisms and its phytotoxicity in the field of winter wheat are presented. It is proved that different systems of agriculture and measures of basic tillage do not equally affect the microbiological activity of the rhizosphere of winter wheat in the number and species composition of microorganisms. As a result, the variants created different conditions for the course of biochemical processes in the soil and the formation of crop yields. Moldboard-boardless tillage and the ecological system of agriculture proved to be more promising.

Вплив забур’яненості посівів соняшнику на водний режим ґрунту

Goal. To determine the influence of different systems of basic soil cultivation and protection of sunflower crops from weeds on the reserves of available moisture in the soil and the crop yield. Methods. Field, statistical (statistical processing of research results), comparative-calculation. The experiments were carried out according to standard techniques in agriculture. Results. They found that the stocks of available moisture depend on the technology of the tillage and the presence of weeds in crops. That gives grounds to assert that the main cultivation of the soil is one of the most effective measures for the accumulation of moisture and the destruction of weeds. In the period of sowing of sunflower, the highest reserves of available moisture in 0–10 cm and 0–100 cm soil layers were at the use of shallow tillage. At such a technique, the optimal structure of the cultivated layer is formed. Chopped crop residues of winter wheat create a mulching layer on the soil surface and protect it from excessive evaporation. The plowing process includes crumbling, loosening, turning, and rotation of the soil layer. Such processes contribute to increased evaporation of available moisture from the soil, especially in the spring fasting period. Conclusions. Proper treatment of crops significantly reduced the negative impact of weeds on growth, development and productivity of cultivated plants. In conditions of right Bank forest-steppe of Ukraine, the most economically feasible and environmentally safe is the cultivation of sunflower at shallow tillage (chisel tillage on the depth of 25–27cm). Such treatment should include pre- and after-sprouting tooth harrow in the phase of «white string» of weed. The herbicide Fusilad Forte should be entered in the phase of 2–4 leaves for annual plants and at height of 10–15 cm for perennial grass weeds in the dose of 0.5 l/ha by ribbon up to 15 cm.

Influence of different systems of basic cultivation and fertilizer on biological activity of soil and productivity of crop rotation on irrigated lands of the south of Ukraine

Influence of different systems of basic cultivation and fertilizer on biological activity of soil and productivity of crop rotation on irrigated lands of the south of Ukraine

The Influence of Various Systems of Fertilizers on the Removal and Accumulation of NPK in the Alluvial Meadow-Forest Soils of Azerbaijan

The experimental data obtained in stationary field experiments in the conditions of irrigated alluvial meadow-forest soils of the dry subtropics of Azerbaijan (North-Eastern part of the Greater Caucasus) are studied and presented. The use of fertilizer systems (mineral, organic and organic-mineral, i.e. their combined use) had different effects on the accumulation of basic nutrients (NPK) in the aboveground organs (fruits, leaves, stems) of the tomato plant. The efficiency of the influence of different systems of fertilizers under the culture of the tomato is established. Yield and total removal of the potassium effective option the organic - mineral system of organic-mineral system of fertilizers in the norm of the Background—(P90K120) + N60 + manure 12 t/ha; for total removal of phosphorus, organic system of fertilizers in the norm of manure 24 t/ha; and the total removal of nitrogen was efficient Background option—(P90K120) + N120. The overall takeaway was accordingly 272.88 kg/ha potassium; 76.76 kg/ha for phosphorus and 170.56 kg/ha of nitrogen.

Зміна водного режиму чорнозему типового залежно від систем обробітку ґрунту

The purpose. To determine influence of different systems of basic soil cultivation on water regimen of soil and productivity of cultures of crop rotation. Methods. Field, statistical (statistical analysis of results of researches). They spent experiments according to conventional procedures in farming agriculture. Weather conditions during researches on the average were typical for Kyiv area, however, differed on rainfall amount and sum of active temperatures above 10°C in separate months and years. Therefore productivity of crops varied. Results. Water permeability of soil at shallow subsoiling with simultaneous slotting was in 1,4–1,6 times above, than at moldboard soil cultivation. At shallow subsoiling cultivation with simultaneous slotting available water capacities were on 5,6–21 mm above, than at moldboard one. Water accumulation efficiency at subsoiling cultivation was on 2–10 % below, than at subsoiling with simultaneous slotting. In alternative with application of regular subsoiling productivity of Lucerne was on 0,2 t/hectares below, than at moldboard. At application of shallow subsoiling with simultaneous slotting productivity lowered slightly. Use of subsoiling cultivation significantly lowered productivity of winter wheat in comparison with productivity at use of moldboard cultivation. Productivity of summer barley at shallow cultivation with simultaneous slotting was on 5,1% above, than at moldboard cultivation. Conclusions. Application of shallow subsoiling cultivation with simultaneous slotting formed the best conditions for rational use of stores of soil moisture. The highest productivity of winter wheat and summer barley was formed in alternative with shallow subsoiling cultivation and simultaneous slotting. The productivity of Lucerne gained at moldboard cultivation was on 1,5% above, than at subsoiling cultivation and on 5,1% above, than at shallow subsoiling cultivation with simultaneous slotting.

Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Agroforestry, Conventional Plantations and Native Forests in Roraima State, Northern Brazil

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important components of the soil microbiota in terrestrial ecosystems, under the influence of various factors such as soil use and management, and can be adapted to a structure and diversity of fungal communities. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the influence of different systems of land use and management on AMF diversity in the Roraima State, Brazil. We collected soil samples in agroforestry, conventional soybean planting, conventional corn and native forest. After 150 days of incubation in a greenhouse, we extracted the spores in order to evaluate AMF, volume and to determine taxonomic identification. We found 16 species of AMF and the genus Acaulospora was the most frequent, followed by Glomus. Soil under agroforestry system had the highest species richness and the native forest, the lowest. On the other hand, soybean and corn areas presented greater density values than agroforestry system and native forest. In the agroforestry system, SOM attributes, Al3+ and H + Al had influence in AMF species richness. Thus, agroforestry constitute sustainable alternative influencing AMF communities in these ecosystems.

The influence of different systems of fertilizer on the microelement’s composition of soil and grain of winter wheat in Primorsky Krai

This paper presents the effect of the aftereffect of mineral, organic and calcareous fertilizers on the agrochemical and environmental indicators of meadow-brown bleached soil of Primorsky Krai. The accumulation of microelements by the winter wheat grain is considered according to the variants of experience. Field experiments were carried out in 2011-2014 in the crop rotation of the agrochemical station of Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology in the Far East named after A.K. Chaika. The content of trace elements in soil and grain was determined on a Shimadzu AA-6200, atomic adsorption spectrophotometer. According to the results of our research, it was revealed that the aftereffect of various fertilizer systems affected the content of a number of gross and mobile forms of microelements in the studied soil. It is established that the soil does not prevent the accumulation of mobile forms of nickel, lead, cadmium, zinc, copper and cobalt in it. The ability to resist contamination of the food chain (system barrier), that is, the manifestation of the protective mechanisms of the grain, from nickel, copper and cobalt varies only slightly according to the variants of experience. For lead, cadmium and zinc, the barrier of the system is in the moderate degree of dispersion of data on the variants of experience, showing more effective protective capabilities on the variant with the aftereffect of the lime-organic fertilizer system, where the content of the latter reaches its maximum values.

Вплив різних систем основного обробітку ґрунту та удобрення на вологозабезпеченість посівів пшениці озимої

Вплив різних систем основного обробітку ґрунту та удобрення на вологозабезпеченість посівів пшениці озимої

Архитектоника корневой системы яблони в зависимости от систем содержания почвы в междурядьях сада

The research on the study of the architectonics of the root system of apple trees under the infl uence of different systems of soil maintenance are carried out. Calculation of sections of skeletal and semi-skeletal roots on the vertical wall of the trench was implemented at a distance of 1 and 2 m from the strain of Welsey apple varieties on seed rootstock. The aim of the research was to study the placement of apple roots on the soil profi le on black fallow and continuous turf process. Regardless of the systems of soil maintenance in the rows of the garden, the bulk of the roots is concentrated in the soil layer of 20-60 cm - 61.4-79.6%. On the black follow the yield of roots on the vertical wall of the trench at the distance of 1 m from the bole was to 1.45 times more than at continuous turf process. On the black follow, the roots were a greater extent grow in the aisle compared to turf. In this embodiment, depending on the horizon placement, the roots was more into 3-8 pieces at a distance of 2 m from the trunk compared to the distance from the trunk to 1 m. On continous turf a 230 greater number of roots was observed in bole area regardless of depth. Therefore, on the black follow, the best conditions are created in the aisles of the garden, and on the continuous turf process in the trunk zone, where there is no competition with herbaceous vegetation for the nutrients.

Changes in the Metagenome of Prokaryotic Community as an Indicator of Fertility of Arable Soddy-Podzolic Soils upon Fertilizer Application

The influence of different systems of fertilization and liming on the changes in the taxonomic structure of prokaryotic community in arable soddy-podzolic soil (Albic Retisol (Loamic, Aric, Cutanic, Differentic, Ochric)) was studied in a stationary field experiment of Vologda State Dairy Farming Academy with the use of high-performance sequencing method of gene 16S rRNA. The 25-year-old fallow plot, in which the intensity of microbiological processes was close to that in the virgin soddy-podzolic soils, was used as a control. At the first stage, dominant phyla were identified: Proteobacteria (45.3–56.2%), Actinobacteria (13.6–20.4%), Bacteroidetes (7.2–19.3%), Acidobacteria (7.1–11.5%), and Verrucomicrobia (4.3–10.3%). Several groups of microorganisms-indicators, whose portion changes in the arable soil under the influence of liming, fertilizer application, and soil treatment in comparison with the control, were determined. The applied approach made it possible to relate the taxonomic structure of the soil microbial cenosis with external factors for assessing changes in the structure of soil microbial complex under the impact of different uses of the arable soil.

Influence of different systems of lodging on the quality of the semen of boars

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different housing systems on the sperm quality of boars’ semen. After harvest, we assessed total motility (%), progressive motility (%) (0-5), membrane integrity (%) and percentage of abnormal sperm from semen samples. The animals were subjected to two treatments: treatment I - animals kept in cages housing system; Treatment II - animals kept in pens housing system. For evaluations, the semen samples were placed between slide and coverslip heated to 37°C for analysis of MT (%) MP (%) and vigor (0-5). For the analysis of membrane integrity slides were stained with eosin nigrosin. For pathology, the slides were stained with violet and rose bengal dyes gensiana, which were observed under an optical microscope at a magnification of 40X. The results showed there are effects of housing system on semen quality of the animals.

Porcelain repair - Influence of different systems and surface treatments on resin bond strength.

PURPOSEThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of composite resin on the fracture surface of metal-ceramic depending on the repair systems and surface roughening methods.MATERIALS AND METHODSA total of 30 disk specimens were fabricated, 15 of each were made from feldspathic porcelain and nickel-chromium base metal alloy. Each substrate was divided into three groups according to the repair method: a) application of repair system I (Intraoral Repair Kit) with diamond bur roughening (Group DP and DM), b) application of repair system I with airborne-particle abrasion (Group SP and SM), and c) application of repair system II (CoJet Intraoral Repair System, Group CP and CM). All specimens were thermocycled, and the shear bond strength was measured. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis analysis and the Mann-Whitney test with a significance level of 0.05.RESULTSFor the porcelain specimens, group SP showed the highest shear bond strength (25.85 ± 3.51 MPa) and group DP and CP were not significantly different. In metal specimens, group CM showed superior values of bond strength (13.81 ± 3.45 MPa) compared to groups DM or SM.CONCLUSIONAirborne-particle abrasion and application of repair system I can be recommended in the case of a fracture localized to the porcelain. If the fracture extends to metal surface, the repair system II is worthy of consideration.

Weed infestation on lands withdrawn from agricultural use in Polissia of Ukraine

The author presents the study results concerning the infl uence of different systems of primary soil tillage on weed infestation on lands withdrawn from agriculture in Polissia of Ukraine. It is found that in case of returning such lands to use ploughing leads to depletion of weed seed stock in the layer of 0–10 cm by 36,1%. Surface and combined tillage systems help to reduce pollution of this soil layer with weed seeds by 25,4% and 31,7% respectively. When using surface tillage, a very shallow buriel of vegetative and generative organs of weeds that are close to the soil surface foster their early regrowth and accelerated development.