Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important components of the soil microbiota in terrestrial ecosystems, under the influence of various factors such as soil use and management, and can be adapted to a structure and diversity of fungal communities. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the influence of different systems of land use and management on AMF diversity in the Roraima State, Brazil. We collected soil samples in agroforestry, conventional soybean planting, conventional corn and native forest. After 150 days of incubation in a greenhouse, we extracted the spores in order to evaluate AMF, volume and to determine taxonomic identification. We found 16 species of AMF and the genus Acaulospora was the most frequent, followed by Glomus. Soil under agroforestry system had the highest species richness and the native forest, the lowest. On the other hand, soybean and corn areas presented greater density values than agroforestry system and native forest. In the agroforestry system, SOM attributes, Al3+ and H + Al had influence in AMF species richness. Thus, agroforestry constitute sustainable alternative influencing AMF communities in these ecosystems.
Highlights
The term “soil quality” includes different functions: ecosystem management, water maintenance and air quality to promote life and health of animals and plants
In the chemical characterization of the different land use and management systems, the higher pH values in soil under soybean and corn when compared to the Agroforestry System (AFS) area can be explained by the chemical correction of the soil that preceded the planting of these crops (Table 1)
The richness of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species varied between systems and low diversity found in nature forest highlight the stability of the natural ecosystems
Summary
The term “soil quality” includes different functions: ecosystem management, water maintenance and air quality to promote life and health of animals and plants. The soil quality can be improved with the incorporation of vegetal cover (for example to provide natural leaf-fall), because it assures an incorporation of nutrients into the soil, so aiding the maintenance of soil productivity. Intensification of anthropic activities can decrease key biological processes, promoting physical degradation of the soil, with impacts on populations of organisms that potentiate soil aggregation, compaction and stability. Such actions may interfere with plant nutrition and growth (Trindade, Grazziotti & Tótola, 2000). Spore numbers were reduced in soil on land where the forest had been cleared (118 spores/100 g of soil), while areas that were cleared planted with legumes had a spore (179 spores/100 g of soil) similar to the one of the original forest
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