The influence of main tillage and fertilizer systems on the yield of cultures of the four-field crop rotation in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest Steppe

Abstract

Aim.To determine the influence of different systems of basic tillage and fertilization on the yield of field crops in a four-field crop rotation. Methods. Field, statistical (statistical processing of research results), comparative and calculation (determining the economic efficiency of growing crops). Established and conducted research in accordance with generally accepted methods in agriculture. Results. The highest yield of white mustard (0.91 t/ha) was provided by the chisel system of the main tillage against the background of organic-mineral fertilizer, which was 0.12 t/ha (15%) of the increase compared to the control (shelf system). In general, the background of organo-mineral fertilizer provided a significant increase in productivity compared to the mineral background (13–25%) for all systems. The highest yield of winter wheat (6.51 t/ha) was provided by the flat-cut system of the main tillage against the background of organic-mineral fertilizer, which was 0.2 t/ha (3%) increase compared to the control. In general, the background of organo-mineral fertilizer provided an increase in productivity compared to the mineral background by 0.3–8%. The highest yield of soybeans (2.55 t/ha) was provided by the chisel system of the main tillage against the background of organic-mineral fertilizer, which was 0.25 t/ha (11%) of the increase compared to the control. In general, the background of organo-mineral fertilizer provided an increase in productivity compared to the mineral background (1–4%) for all systems, except for the shelf system. The highest yield of spring barley (5.31 t/ha) was provided by the shelf (control) system of the main tillage against the background of organic-mineral fertilizer. In general, the background of organo-mineral fertilization provided a significant increase in spring barley productivity compared to the mineral background (9–15%) for all systems. Conclusions. Based on the results of research, it was determined that the best option for the main tillage against the background of organo-mineral fertilizer for white mustard is a chisel system with chiselling under the crop at 25–27 cm, for winter wheat - flat-cut with flat-cut tillage at 22–25 cm, for soybeans – chisel with chiselling at 25–27 cm, for spring barley - shelf with plowing at 20–22 cm. In terms of profitability, the background of organic-mineral fertilizers is dominated by mineral by 19–25%.