Yield of common bean depends on the effect of agrotechnical measures in the conditions of the Forest Steppe of the right bank

Abstract

Aim. To study the peculiarities of the formation of grain productivity of new varieties of common beans depending on the method of sowing and the density of plants. Methods. Field, measuring­weighing ­ for crop harvest accounting, mathematical and statistical. Results. The results of research on the study of the peculiarities of the formation of grain productivity of new varieties of common bean under different methods of sowing and plant density on typical low­humus chernozems, conducted during 2020­2022 at the experimental field of the SE « RF Salivonkivske» of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, are presented. Conclusions. All varieties of common beans studied in the experiment formed the highest grain productivity under wide­row sowing with a row width of 45 cm and a plant density of 600 thousand/ha ­ 2.72­3.24 t/ha.With the same density and the usual row method of sowing with a row width of 15 cm, crops formed no more than 2.33­2.75 t/ha of grain. With both methods of sowing, both a decrease and an increase in the density of plants on the area negatively affected the formation of the yield of bean crops. Under the optimal technological model of cultivation, the maximum grain productivity ­ at the level of 3.24 t/ha ­ was provided by the bean variety of ordinary Bilosnizhka. Ros and Slavia varieties were inferior to it, respectively by 0.44 and 0.52 t/ha. According to the results of pairwise correlation, a correlation dependence was established for the culture between the amount of grain yield of common bean and hydrothermal conditions during its growing season in relation to: the sum of active temperatures (r = 0.56) and the amount of precipitation (r = 0.57).