Modern adaptive systems of basic main tillage under white mustard

Abstract

Aim. To study the effect of long-term use of the primary soil treatment and fertilization systems on the yield of white mustard. The results of research of the impact of basic soil treatment and fertilizer systems on yield and economic efficiency of white mustard production in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine are presented in order to identify the most effective, adapted to natural and climatic conditions in recent years. Methods. The research was conducted during 2018–2021 in a stationary two-factor field experiment, which includes 4 alternative systems of basic soil treatment (shelf, flat, chisel, disk) and two fertilizer systems: mineral (background 1) – N60P60K60 and organo-mineral ) – predecessor straw + N10 per 1 t of straw + N30Р30К30 in short-rotation 4-field crop rotation with the following alternation of crops: soybean, spring barley, white mustard, winter wheat. Results. It was found that the highest yield of white mustard seeds 1.05 t / ha was provided by the chisel system of basic tillage against the background of organo-mineral fertilizer, which exceeded the control (shelf system) by 0.1 t/ha (11%) and similar to the highest rate against the background of mineral fertilizers by 0.13 t/ha (14%). Conclusion. Flat-cut and chisel systems on the background of organo-mineral fertilizer in terms of yield prevailed control by 11% and 17% and similar on the background of mineral fertilizer by 14%. In terms of economic efficiency and yield of chisel mustard. The system on the background of organo-mineral fertilizer with the predecessor leaving straw + N10 per ton of straw and application of mineral fertilizer at a dose of N30P30K30 can be considered promising and most adapted to production in weather and climatic conditions in recent years. Against the background of organo-mineral fertilizer, the use of any shelf-free main treatment for mustard is more profitable than the most productive against the background of mineral fertilizer. Production of white mustard with the use of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N60P60K60 is unprofitable for all systems of basic cultivation.