Influence Of Copper Nanoparticles Research Articles

Synthesis, Characterization and Influence of Copper Nanoparticles on Growth of Vigna mungo L. Hepper CO-7 Variety

The copper nanoparticle was synthesized by employing Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill) leaf extract. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV, FTIR and SEM studies. The SEM image showed a spherical structure. The bio-stimulant effect of green synthesized copper nanoparticles on Vigna mungo L. Hepper was investigated. Seed germination, biochemical, antioxidant, and enzyme activities of the copper nanoparticles were studied. The germination and morphological characteristics were superior at 100 mg/L copper nanoparticle-treated seeds. The biochemical parameters such as chlorophyll (0.701±0.107 mg/g), carbohydrate (4.657±0.090 mg/g), protein (4.396±0.335 mg/g), amino acid (18.557±0.638 mg/g), phenol (10.824±0.53 mg/g), flavonoid (3.644±0.171 mg/g), alkaloid (6.529±0.45 mg/g), and tannin (12.159±0.218 mg/g) were higher at a nanoparticle concentration of 100 mg/L. As far as the enzymatic activities, the maximum activity of nitrate reductase (4.505±0.203 mg/g) and α-amylase (13.195±0.285 mg/g) were observed with 100 mg/L copper nanoparticle-treated seedlings. The in vitro antioxidant activities were also studied.

The Influence of Copper Nanoparticles on Neurometabolism Marker Levels in the Brain and Intestine in a Rat Model.

The aim of this study is to assess the effect of different forms and dosages of copper on the levels of markers depicting the neurodegenerative changes in the brain and the jejunum. The experiment was performed using 40 male Wistar rats fed a typical rat diet with two dosages of Cu used as CuCO3 (6.5 and 13 mg/kg diet) and dietary addition of two CuNP dosages (standard 6.5 and enhanced 13 mg/kg diet), randomly divided into four groups. The levels of neurodegenerative markers were evaluated. Nanoparticles caused a reduction in the level of glycosylated acetylcholinesterase (GAChE), an increase the level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), a reduction in β-amyloid (βAP) in the brain and in the intestine of rats and a reduction in Tau protein in the brain of rats. The highest levels of AChE, the ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC) and LRP1 and lower levels of toxic GAChE, β-amyloid, Tau, hyper-phosphorylated Tau protein (p-Tau) and the complex of calmodulin and Ca2+ (CAMK2a) were recorded in the tissues of rats receiving a standard dose of Cu. The neuroprotective effect of Cu can be increased by replacing the carbonate form with nanoparticles and there is no need to increase the dose of copper.

Агрохимические аспекты применения медьсодержащих наноструктур: влияние на рост и развитие растений, антибактериальный эффект (обзор)

Copper is an essential trace element for plant organisms, but in high concentrations it can be toxic to plants. Copper nanoparticles (NPs) are less toxic, and their use in plant treatment appears to be safer, more effective, and more economical than copper salts. The mini-review provides basic information about the mechanisms of action of copper-containing NPs on the plant organism and provides examples of research in this area. The main directions of influence of copper-containing NPs on plants are the processes of growth and development of the plant organism (organogenesis, mitosis, biomass accumulation), biochemical processes (the intensity of photosynthesis, antioxidant status and the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes), the effect on gene expression in the cell, the effect on plant resistance abiotic and biotic stress factors. The promise of using copper NPs as mineral fertilizers has been shown by stimulating seed germination, plant growth and development, and increasing plant resistance to stress factors under the influence of copper NPs. The protective effect of copper-containing NPs is often explained by their antioxidant activity. At the same time, there are a number of studies demonstrating the negative impact of copper-containing NPs on the growth and development of plants and the intensity of photosynthesis. The second part of the article is devoted to a description of the mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of copper-containing NPs. The antibacterial effect of copper-containing NPs is associated with the attachment of copper NPs to the surface of the bacterial cell with subsequent disruption of the membrane potential, which further leads to the development of oxidative stress and damage to vital biomolecules. Copper-containing NPs have a pronounced antibacterial effect against bacterial phytopathogens of cultivated plants Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas axonopodis, Erwinia amylovora, as well as against a number of bacteria pathogenic to humans and animals. Thus, copper NPs are promising agents for agriculture, but their effect on plants requires careful selection of optimal concentrations and comprehensive studies to avoid toxic effects.

Influence of copper nanoparticles on the growth characteristics of tumors in white outbreed rats

Purpose of the study. To study the effect of copper nanoparticles on the characteristics of the transplanted tumors of rats, as well as to assess the dependence of the effect on the method of administration of nanoparticles.Materials and methods. In experiments on 163 white outbred male rats, 160–200 g, the size and growth rate of transplanted sarcoma 45 and Pliss' lymphosarcoma were determined in dynamics when a suspension of copper nanoparticles in physiological saline was injected intratumorally or intraperitoneally in a total dose of 10 mg/kg. Nanoparticles had a "core-shell" structure with variable diameter in the range of 30–75 nm. Contrary to other researches, we started the exposure to metal nanoparticles only when the tumors had become visible and had grown up to the sizes at which their spontaneous regression was unlikely.Results. In most animals (up to 89 %), significant antitumor effects of copper nanoparticles were obtained up to complete regression of tumors with large volumes. The effects of nanodispersed copper differed in tumors with different histological structures and growth patterns. Experiments on a transplantable, slowly growing sarcoma 45 showed a decrease in the specific tumor growth rate after a single injection of nanoparticles (1.25 mg/kg), a decrease in tumor size could be observed after 4 injections (a total dose of 5 mg/kg). In the case of a rapidly growing tumor model (Pliss' lymphosarcoma), a decrease in tumor growth rates caused by copper nanoparticles occurred at later stages of exposure, after the animals received nanoparticles at a total dose of 5–10 mg/kg. The efficiency depended on the approach of nanoparticles injection.Conclusion. In case of sarcoma 45, intraperitoneal injection of copper nanoparticles was more effective than intratumoral one, while in rats with Pliss' lymphosarcoma intratumoral injection of the nanoparticles had some advantages. The results indicate that nanodispersed copper is a promising antitumor factor. The mechanisms of regression of large transplanted tumors under the influence of copper nanoparticles are discussed.

Flexural strength and anti-fungal activity of copper nano-particles on poly-methyl methacrylate denture base resins

Poly-methyl methacrylate is the most common dental material used for removable dental prosthesis. With copper nano-particles known for their inherent anti-microbial nature, influence of copper nano-particles on flexural strength and the anti-fungal properties on Poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) based denture base resins was evaluated. Copper nano-particles were prepared from cupric nitrate and samples were prepared as parts per million of copper to the control, 12.5 ppm (D12.5), 25 ppm (D25) and 50 ppm (D50). Three-point bending test was evaluated using a universal testing machine and anti-fungal property was evaluated using crystal violet staining. The results reveal flexural strength of PMMA was affected by the incorporation of copper nanoparticles. Addition of 25 ppm of copper nano-particles (D25) to denture base resins showed highest flexural strength and has an inhibitory effect on Candida albicans biofilm formation.

Abatement of the Stimulatory Effect of Copper Nanoparticles Supported on Titania on Ovarian Cell Functions by Some Plants and Phytochemicals.

The application of nanoparticles has experienced a vertiginous growth, but their interaction with food and medicinal plants in organisms, especially in the control of reproduction, remains unresolved. We examined the influence of copper nanoparticles supported on titania (CuNPs/TiO2), plant extracts (buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and vitex (Vitex agnus-castus)), phytochemicals (rutin and apigenin), and their combination with CuNPs/TiO2 on ovarian cell functions, using cultured porcine ovarian granulosa cells. Cell viability, proliferation (PCNA accumulation), apoptosis (accumulation of bax), and hormones release (progesterone, testosterone, and 17β-estradiol) were analyzed by the Trypan blue test, quantitative immunocytochemistry, and ELISA, respectively. CuNPs/TiO2 increased cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and testosterone but not progesterone release, and reduced the 17β-estradiol output. Plant extracts and components have similar stimulatory action on ovarian cell functions as CuNPs/TiO2, but abated the majority of the CuNPs/TiO2 effects. This study concludes that (1) CuNPs/TiO2 can directly stimulate ovarian cell functions, promoting ovarian cell proliferation, apoptosis, turnover, viability, and steroid hormones release; (2) the plants buckwheat and vitex, as well as rutin and apigenin, can promote some of these ovarian functions too; and (3) these plant additives mitigate the CuNPs/TiO2’s activity, something that must be considered when applied together.

Primary and secondary instabilities in Rayleigh-Bénard convection of water-copper nanoliquid

A study of primary and secondary instabilities in Rayleigh-Bénard convection of water-copper nanoliquid is made using a generalized two-phase model. Boussinesq approximation and small scale convective motion are assumed to be valid. The Brownian motion effect is assumed to be negligibly small and a weak thermophoretic effect is included in the investigation. The parameter regimes for the existence of pitchfork, Takens-Bogdanov and Hopf bifurcations are reported. Small-amplitude modulation is considered to derive the Newell–Whitehead–Segel equation and using its phase-winding solution the condition for the occurrence of Eckhaus and zigzag secondary instabilities are obtained. The influence of copper nanoparticles on the secondary instability region is reported. The travelling wave solutions for the Newell–Whitehead–Segel equation are also presented. Oscillatory convection is not, in general, preferable in the problem yet in those cases where it can exist the necessary condition for the occurrence of Benjamin-Feir instability is discussed. The present investigation sheds light on useful parameters’ ranges wherein a desired instability can be made to manifest depending upon the need of an engineering application. The Rayleigh-Bénard convection can also be used as a rheometric tool for the measurement of viscosity and thermal diffusivity of the nanoliquid in a dynamic situation.

Effect of metal nanoparticles on the accumulation and structure of rapeseed carbohydrates

The purpose was to conduct field tests of the most active metal nanoparticles of iron, cobalt and copper to realize the maximum accumulation of polysaccharides in plants; to develop a method for obtaining and studying the structure of polysaccharides obtained from plants treated before sowing with metal nanoparticles; to study the physical-chemical characteristics of polysaccharides and the monosaccharide composition under the influence of metal nanoparticles. Before sowing, seed treatment was carried out with suspensions of nanoparticles with a concentration of 0.5 g/ha (hectare seed sowing rate). Observed under the influence of copper nanoparticles, the yield increased by 15 % comparison to the control one. When determining the monosaccharide composition, in addition to changing the quantitative content of monosaccharides, a high concentration of galacturonic acid was observed, especially when treating seeds with copper nanoparticles before sowing.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ASSOCIATES OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES

Abstract—The physicochemical parameters of associates of unstabilized copper nanoparticles (NPs) obtained by the plasma-chemical method were studied. Optical methods were used to determine the size of NP associates, including atomic force microscopy, spectrophotometry, and fluorometry. The sizes of copper NPs varied from 30 to 75 nm, and the sizes of NP associates, from 481.1 to 1037 nm. The phase composition of copper NPs was analyzed by X-ray diffractometry using a Rigaku Ultima IV multifunctional X-ray diffractometer. An oxide film without an admixture of organic molecules was found on the surface of NP associates. The effect of copper NPs on an A549 cell culture was studied. A change was observed in the biochemical parameters of blood serum of outbred mice under the influence of copper NPs. The antitumor effect of copper NPs was revealed, and its intensity was compared to different methods of administering NP to animals with fibrosarcoma (S-45) and Pliss lymphosarcoma.

The Effect of Copper And Zinc Nanoparticles on the Growth Parameters, Contents of Ascorbic Acid, and Qualitative Composition of Amino Acids and Acylcarnitines in Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae).

The paper covers the research of copper and zinc nanoparticle effect on the content of ascorbic acid, and quantitative and qualitative composition of amino acids and acylcarnitines in Pistia stratiotes L. plants. Plant exposition to copper nanoparticles led to the decrease in (1) the amount of ascorbic acid, (2) the total content of amino acids (by 25 %), and (3) the amount of all studied amino acids except for the glycine amino acid. At this, the amount of 5-oxoproline, arginine, leucine, ornithine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, and tyrosine was two times lower than in control plants. The reduction of the contents of 8 out of 12 investigated acylcarnitines (namely C0, C2, C3, C5, C6, C8, C16, C18:1) was observed in plants under the influence of copper nanoparticles. The result of plants incubation with zinc nanoparticles was the decrease in (1) the amount of ascorbic acid, (2) the total content of amino acids (by 15 %), (3) the content of leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, and tyrosine (more than twice), and (4) the content of 10 acylcarnitines (C0, C2, C3, C4, C5, C10, C16, C18, C18:1, C18:2). The observed reduction in amino acid contents may negatively affect plants adaptive reactions associated with de novo synthesis of stress proteins. At the same time, the decrease in the content of acylcarnitines, responsible for fatty acid transportation, may lead to the changes in the activity and direction of lipid metabolism in plants and reduce plant’s ability to use free fatty acids as the oxidation substrate for cell reparation.

Application of copper nanoparticles as additions to a grinding fluid to increase the quality of grinding of magnetic ceramic materials

The influence of copper nanoparticles in a grinding fluid (GF) used for grinding on the characteristics of the surface layer of ferrite parts and their service properties is studied. Profilograms of the ground surfaces and their roughness are measured. The electromagnetic losses of 10000NN ferrite parts ground in an GF medium with copper nanoparticles are estimated. The use of metal nanoparticles as additions to a grinding fluid is shown to be useful for processing of brittle nonmetallic materials.

Copper-induced change in the ESR signal of hemoglobin nitrosyl complexes in wound by the action of copper nanoparticles

The results concerning changes in the ESR signal of hemoglobin nitrosyl complexes in wound tissues in the course of healing by the action of ointments with copper nanoparticles (patent N2460532, Russia) are presented. It is shown that the wound healing process modified by the influence of copper nanoparticles demonstrates the increase in the ESR signal amplitude for :hemoglobin nitrosyl complexes as compared with controls (the ointment base without nanoparticles). Planimetric measurements of wound area through reparation course indicate an active process of wound healing for injuries treated with copper nanoparticles in the ointment, resulting in lessening half-reparation time up to 5.0 times as compared with controls (treatment with the ointment base). The paper discusses the role of copper nanoparticles, NO and their potential synergistic effect on the skin wound regeneration.

The influence of physical-chemical characteristics of surface modified copper nanoparticles on E. coli cell population growth suppression and on electrostatic properties of their membranes

The biological activity of copper nanoparticles, able to suppress growth of E. coli cells population under contact interactions, was explored. Three types of samples with oxide layers of various sizes, thickness and composition were used in experiments. It was found out, that an increase in electron density on the external membrane of E. coli correlated with copper nanoparticles suppression capability and with lower activation energy of electron transfer on bacteria. The analysis of experimental data helps to correct conditions for obtaining nanoparticles with certain properties of their surface oxide layers. The character of temperature dependence of electron density reveals the electron type of conductivity in contact area of E. coli and nanoparticles. These results help to find approach to understanding the nature of toxic influence of copper nanoparticles on E. coli cells under contact interaction.

Influence of copper nanoparticles on copper requiring enzyme

This study describes the influence of copper nanoparticles (CNPs) on activity and kinetic properties of a Cu2+ requiring sorghum oxalate oxidase (OxO). CNPs were synthesised by citrate-induced reduction of CuCl2 and their size (range 13–58 nm) was determined by transmission electron microscopy. The CNPs were characterised by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies. These CNPs enhanced OxO activity by 30%. Thermal and storage stability were increased, while Km value for oxalate decreased in the presence of CNPs. CNPs protected OxO against chelation by diethyldithiocarbamate, a Cu2+ specific chelator. The analytic use of OxO in the presence of CNP for determination of oxalate in food stuff is demonstrated.