Агрохимические аспекты применения медьсодержащих наноструктур: влияние на рост и развитие растений, антибактериальный эффект (обзор)

Abstract

Copper is an essential trace element for plant organisms, but in high concentrations it can be toxic to plants. Copper nanoparticles (NPs) are less toxic, and their use in plant treatment appears to be safer, more effective, and more economical than copper salts. The mini-review provides basic information about the mechanisms of action of copper-containing NPs on the plant organism and provides examples of research in this area. The main directions of influence of copper-containing NPs on plants are the processes of growth and development of the plant organism (organogenesis, mitosis, biomass accumulation), biochemical processes (the intensity of photosynthesis, antioxidant status and the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes), the effect on gene expression in the cell, the effect on plant resistance abiotic and biotic stress factors. The promise of using copper NPs as mineral fertilizers has been shown by stimulating seed germination, plant growth and development, and increasing plant resistance to stress factors under the influence of copper NPs. The protective effect of copper-containing NPs is often explained by their antioxidant activity. At the same time, there are a number of studies demonstrating the negative impact of copper-containing NPs on the growth and development of plants and the intensity of photosynthesis. The second part of the article is devoted to a description of the mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of copper-containing NPs. The antibacterial effect of copper-containing NPs is associated with the attachment of copper NPs to the surface of the bacterial cell with subsequent disruption of the membrane potential, which further leads to the development of oxidative stress and damage to vital biomolecules. Copper-containing NPs have a pronounced antibacterial effect against bacterial phytopathogens of cultivated plants Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas axonopodis, Erwinia amylovora, as well as against a number of bacteria pathogenic to humans and animals. Thus, copper NPs are promising agents for agriculture, but their effect on plants requires careful selection of optimal concentrations and comprehensive studies to avoid toxic effects.