Abstract
The application of nanoparticles has experienced a vertiginous growth, but their interaction with food and medicinal plants in organisms, especially in the control of reproduction, remains unresolved. We examined the influence of copper nanoparticles supported on titania (CuNPs/TiO2), plant extracts (buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and vitex (Vitex agnus-castus)), phytochemicals (rutin and apigenin), and their combination with CuNPs/TiO2 on ovarian cell functions, using cultured porcine ovarian granulosa cells. Cell viability, proliferation (PCNA accumulation), apoptosis (accumulation of bax), and hormones release (progesterone, testosterone, and 17β-estradiol) were analyzed by the Trypan blue test, quantitative immunocytochemistry, and ELISA, respectively. CuNPs/TiO2 increased cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and testosterone but not progesterone release, and reduced the 17β-estradiol output. Plant extracts and components have similar stimulatory action on ovarian cell functions as CuNPs/TiO2, but abated the majority of the CuNPs/TiO2 effects. This study concludes that (1) CuNPs/TiO2 can directly stimulate ovarian cell functions, promoting ovarian cell proliferation, apoptosis, turnover, viability, and steroid hormones release; (2) the plants buckwheat and vitex, as well as rutin and apigenin, can promote some of these ovarian functions too; and (3) these plant additives mitigate the CuNPs/TiO2’s activity, something that must be considered when applied together.
Highlights
Nanotechnology and the applications of metal nanoparticles have rapidly developed in recent years [1,2,3,4]
We examined the influence of copper nanoparticles supported on titania (CuNPs/TiO2), plant extracts (buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and vitex (Vitex agnus-castus)), phytochemicals, and their combination with CuNPs/TiO2 on ovarian cell functions, using cultured porcine ovarian granulosa cells
This survey reveals that CuNPs/TiO2 can boost some of the aforementioned ovarian cell functions, as buckwheat, vitex, rutin, and apigenin do
Summary
Nanotechnology and the applications of metal nanoparticles (i.e., particles with a diameter < 100 nm) have rapidly developed in recent years [1,2,3,4]. The main biological effects of medicinal and food plants are related to the presence of polyphenols with antioxidant and phytoestrogen activity One of these polyphenols is the flavonoid rutin, which is able to promote bone cell proliferation [43]. We compared the activity of these treatments on cultured porcine ovarian granulosa cells by studying cell viability, the accumulation of bax (a cytoplasmic apoptosis marker) [53,54], PCNA (a proliferation marker) [55], and the release of the steroid hormones testosterone, progesterone, and 17β-estradiol, the regulators and markers of ovarian cell functions [56] This survey reveals that CuNPs/TiO2 can boost some of the aforementioned ovarian cell functions, as buckwheat, vitex, rutin, and apigenin do. The activity CuNPs/TiO2 is significantly depleted in the presence of these plant additives
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