Influence Of Climate Warming Research Articles

Influence of Climate Warming on Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Phenology in Conditions of Central Europe (Slovakia).

The impact of warming on the phenology of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in conditions of central Europe was evaluated at the locality of Dolné Plachtince in the Slovakian wine region. In Welschriesling and Pinot Blanc model varieties, the onset of phenophases as defined in the BBCH scale over the period of 1985 to 2018 was observed. Based on the data obtained, the influence of the average and average maximum temperature and GDD on the onset of phenophases was evaluated. The results observed indicate earlier budburst by five to seven days, earlier beginning of flowering by 7 to 10 days, earlier berry softening by 18 days, and harvest dates advanced by 8 to 10 days on average. In both varieties, the highest influence of the average monthly temperature in March on budburst, the highest influence of the average monthly temperature and the average maximum temperature in May on the beginning of flowering, and the highest statistically significant influence of the average maximum temperature in June on the softening of berries was found. Warming observed in moderate climate conditions of northern wine regions in central Europe (Slovakia) has not yet caused changes in the grapevine phenology stable enough to require serious adaptation measures.

Pre-industrial cyanobacterial dominance in Lake Moon (NE China) revealed by sedimentary ancient DNA

Cyanobacterial blooms in water bodies have occurred on a worldwide basis in the last few decades, and knowledge of their occurrence under natural conditions, and of the mechanisms responsible, is important for understanding their origin. However, little is known about the long-term trends in cyanobacterial abundance in the pre-industrial era, and its causes. Traditional microscope analysis of microfossil plankton is widely applied in paleoecology, yet the majority of phytoplankton (e.g., cyanobacteria) are not preserved as microfossils in sediments, although they can leave a fingerprint in the form of sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA). Here, sedaDNA is used for the first time to reconstruct the history of phytoplankton communities in a crater lake in northern China over the past two millennia. Our data show that changes in phytoplankton community structure and diversity were linked to temperature and precipitation variations during ∼0–1400 Common Era (CE). However, after ∼1400 CE the cyanobacterial abundance increased to an unprecedented degree, and cyanobacteria (mainly composed of Synechococcus) became disproportionately dominant relative to other phytoplankton. This rise was concomitant with increased aeolian dust input by winds driven by an intensified Siberian High, which resulted in increased dust transport across the entire mid-latitude region of the Northern Hemisphere. This suggests that dust input can exceed natural climatic variability as the dominant control on lake ecosystems in regions subject to dust deposition. We suggest that future lake ecological management strategies in areas of dust deposition should consider not only the influence of climatic warming but also the impact of nutrient inputs delivered by dust storms.

Predictive Analysis of Characteristic Variation and Evolution of Rainfall Cycle in Guangzhou

Due to the influences of global warming, urban rainfall has changed significantly. Based on the annual rainfall data of Guangzhou from 1952 to 2019, the characteristics of interannual variation are statistically analyzed. The periodic characteristics of rainfall variation and its development trend prediction are studied by using non-parametric Mann-Kendall test, wavelet analysis and neural network methods. The results show that: After 1993, there was an increasing trend of rainfall in Guangzhou, and a sudden change in 2009, and the increasing trend of rainfall became more obvious. The 30a cycle scale of rainfall in Guangzhou shows the most significance. The average cycle of rainfall changes is around 19a. The rainfall in Guangzhou in 2020 is predicted to be 2,628.9mm, and the rainfall will be in “dry water” period from 2021 to 2029. The rainfall characteristics in Guangzhou are continuously changing under the influence of climate warming. This study is of great significance to reveal the recent drought and flood characteristics of the region.

Dynamics of the Onset of White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) Breeding in the Central Part of the Volga–Kama Region and Possible Explanations

This work is aimed at determining the onset of breeding of the White-tailed Eagle and the reasons that affect its breeding phenology in the central part of the Volga–Kama region (Republic of Tatarstan, together with the adjacent areas of the republics of Chuvashia and Udmurtia, as well as Samara and Ulyanovsk oblasts). In the Republic of Tatarstan, the bulk of data were obtained in 2011–2016; in Ulyanovsk and Samara oblasts, in 2012; in the Republic of Chuvashia, in 2013, 2015, 2016; and in Udmurtia, in 2016. An analysis of the onset of breeding was carried out on the basis of photo records of the White-tailed Eagle nests with nestlings primarily at ages of 30–60 days and some younger than 30 days, in 2011–2016. The age of nestlings was determined by the photo tables comparing the degree of development of their plumage. When establishing the date of the first egg laying, the age of the elder (or the only) nestling and the incubation time, which amounts to 37 days, were taken into account. In total, 119 cases of breeding were analyzed. For additional control of calculations concerning the earliest periods of breeding, at the beginning of the breeding season, on February 23, 2015, distant observations of a group of 16 nests were carried out using optical devices along the upper reaches of the Kuibyshev reservoir. More precise data on the dates of egg laying were also obtained using a surveillance camera at an eagle nest in the Volga–Kama Biosphere Nature Reserve. According to the results of calculations, the period of the first egg laying extends from February 22 to April 11 (n = 119). Most of the clutches (70.6%, n = 84) are laid in the period from February 22 to March 15, and the maximum occurs in the first five days of March (26.05%, n = 31). A comparison with previously published data shows that, on average, the eagles start breeding half a month earlier than they did in the 20th century. In our opinion, the shift towards earlier breeding dates is primarily caused by the presence of artificial food supply at local wintering sites and increased species numbers in the Volga–Kama region. The White-tailed Eagle’s status in the region partially changed from the migrating breeder to resident breeder. The distances from the breeding territories to the wintering grounds with abundant of forage shortened significantly. The influence of climate warming on the time of egg-laying cannot be excluded either.

Digital Innovation Strategy for Travel Agents to Combat Climate Warming

Climate warming leads to great opportunities and difficulties for travel agencies. In order to promote the development of travel agencies in the new situation, this paper studies the digital innovation strategy of travel agencies to deal with climate warming. Through in-depth interviews with 13 travel agencies, the impact of climate warming on travel agencies was discussed from multiple perspectives. Investigate the digital innovation response strategies of this group under the influence of climate warming on tourism, analyze and try to give travel agencies' digital innovation strategies to respond to climate warming. In order to provide some help for the sustainable development of travel agencies.

Climate change impact on hydrological characteristics and water availability of the Mountain Pamir Rivers

Abstract. Results of monitoring accumulated snow cover in upstream areas of the Transboundary Pyanj River (Central Asia) are presented. It is found that the formation of the snow cover and the spatial distribution of atmospheric precipitation in the Mountain Pamir is determined by the orography of the terrain. Orography influences air mass movement in mountain areas, which contributes in different climatic zones to a shift in periods when the maximum amount of snow is falling. Completely different scenarios for the development of meteorological variables in the western and eastern parts of the Gunt River Basin were found, due, firstly, to the influence of the mountainous area orography and, secondly, to the penetration of various air masses. It is observed that in the western part of the basin the average annual precipitation remained almost unchanged over the period 1944–2014, whereas there is a decreasing trend in the eastern part. Assessment of the climate change impact on the formation of the Gunt River water flow was made by comparing the trend in the change of discharge using data from two observation periods 1940–1970 and 1986–2016. Calculations show a decrease of the Gunt River discharge by 5 % over a period of more than 70 years. The influence of climate warming on the river flow is indicated by comparison of river hydrograph in two periods 1940–1970 and 1986–2016. The hydrograph of the Vanch River in the earlier-mentioned periods shows a shift in the maximum of the monthly discharge towards the left, indicating an earlier melting of snow and glaciers in the upstream regions of the river and a significant increase in discharge in the period 1986–2016.

FLUORESCENT RESEARCHES OF HUMIFICATION OF SALTED SOILS IN NORTH DAGHESTAN

The dependence of the optical parameters of saline soils of Daghestan on the content of humic substances has been studied. There is a direct correlation between the fluorescence intensity of soils and the content of soil humus. High sensitivity of the method of optical sensing soils from the point of view of differentiation of organic carbon determines advantage of this method over others which sensitivity is constant and, at small differences in the content of humic acids, may be insufficient to detect organic substance in soils. Considering the fluorescence parameters as the state of the soil, it is possible to evaluate and predict stadial changes in soil-plant systems under external influences of environmental factors at early stages in the conditions of soil cover evolution under the influence of climatic warming.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ КЛИМАТА НА ПОТЕНЦИАЛ РОСТА ОПЛАТЫ СЕЛЬСКОГО ТРУДА В РЕГИОНАХ РОССИИ

The paper proposes the methodology for estimating the effect of climate change on the prospects of increasing agricultural workers’ wages and the stocks reserved for wages, providing this capacity is employed. The methodology relies on the scenario analysis, which is conducted using the economic model of partial equilibrium in the agricultural markets of Russia’s regions (federal subjects). The capability of increasing agricultural workers’ wages is measured by means of the shadow prices of regional agricultural labor resources. It has been found that in the majority of the federal subjects the wages in agriculture are economically reasonable and the same situation extends to the modelled warming scenario. However, 21 federal subjects are characterized by the unused capacity of wages increase in agriculture. The prevailing influence of climate warming on this capacity is negative for all but five regions (federal subjects), where the effect is opposite. The largest positive effect is possible in the Orel region and Zabaykalsky krai. The study entails two practical conclusions: it is recommended, first, to eliminate obstacles to the use of the existing capabilities for higher wages, including those that emerge due to the failures in risk management; second, to proactively respond to reduced demand in agricultural workers caused by warming via distributing the funds aimed at developing alternative labor and entrepreneurship opportunities according to the expected labor demand reduction in a particular region.

Influence of climate warming on the strength characteristics of ice in the Ob Bay

The article presents results of investigation of the climate warming effects in the northern polar region of the Earth, in particular on some characteristics of ice in the northern part of the Ob Bay (the area of the most active economic activity of the Russian Federation in the last decade). It is determined that over the past 40 years, morphometric and strength characteristics of ice have significantly changed. Estimates of ice thickness obtained using simple empirical formulas (depending on the sum of the degree-days of frost) show that the ice thickness decreased here by an average of 10 15%. The strength characteristics of ice were analyzed for two periods: the maximum strength of ice (for this area it is March) and the maximum development of ice thickness (usually it is May). It was found that the strength properties of ice (bending and compression) for both periods decreased by 10-12%. Thus, in recent decades, under the influence of climate warming in the Ob Bay, the thickness and strength of the ice cover have significantly decreased. This circumstance will be favorable for further development of the considered water area by Russian oil and gas companies.

Responses and feedback of the Tibetan Plateau’s alpine ecosystem to climate change

The Tibetan Plateau, also known as the “third pole of the Earth”, houses a diverse array of alpine-ecosystem types and serves as a critical ecological security shield for China and even for many other regions of Asia. In recent decades, the rapid climate change in the Tibetan Plateau has led to profound changes in the structure and functioning of its ecosystem. Such changes in the ecosystem of the Tibetan Plateau can not only profoundly impact the environment of the high plateau itself but also extend significant influence over that of surrounding areas. With the continuous growth of data obtained via long-term in situ monitoring, manipulative experiments, satellite remote sensing, and model simulations, scientists have recently made significant advances in the research on the responses and feedback of the Tibetan Plateau’s alpine ecosystem to climate change. Aiming to identify knowledge gaps and to stimulate future research, we provide a comprehensive review of past efforts to understand how climate change has impacted the Tibetan Plateau’s alpine ecosystem, which in turn also provides feedback to the climate. In particular, we focus on the impacts of climate change on the structure and functioning of the ecosystem, including vegetation phenology, treeline position, species biodiversity, ecosystem productivity, and carbon sink, along with feedback involving vegetation changes to the regional climate and hydrology through local and teleconnected biophysical loops. A number of key findings emerge based on cumulative knowledge from old as wells as recent researches. (1) Climate warming during the past several decades has significantly advanced spring vegetation phenology in the Tibetan Plateau. (2) Further, warming has significantly shifted the treeline upward with varying amplitudes that may have been regulated by other factors such as precipitation and interspecific interactions. (3) The plant-community structure of the Tibetan Plateau’s alpine steppe ecosystem is sensitive to climate change, with climate warming considerably reducing its biodiversity and species abundance. However, for the alpine-meadow ecosystem, the impact of climate warming on the diversity and species abundance is still inconclusive. (4) Furthermore, warming has significantly increased vegetation productivity, which can consequently lead to an enhanced carbon sink. Such warming-induced carbon accumulation by vegetation is higher in alpine meadows than in alpine steppes. However, the effect of climate change on soil carbon stock remains highly uncertain mainly because of the high spatial heterogeneity of soil properties and lack of information regarding deep-layer soil processes. (5) Warming-induced vegetation greening of the Tibetan Plateau provides an overall cooling effect countering the local warming and modulates the local and far-reaching precipitation patterns through teleconnected feedback to the East Asian monsoon. In particular, the modeling results suggest that this greening trend of the Tibetan Plateau increases precipitation in South China but reduces precipitation in the region between the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. Even with the recent significant progress in the study on the ecosystem-climate interaction in the Tibetan Plateau, many knowledge gaps remain. These gaps provide opportunities for future research, which needs to expand and optimize long-term ecological observation networks to improve the understanding of key ecological processes and deepen the comprehension of the response and acclimation mechanisms of the alpine ecosystem under the influence of climate warming. The knowledge enhancement thus obtained will provide important guidelines for improving ecosystem management and safeguarding the ecological security in the Tibetan Plateau.

Development of FBG salinity sensor coated with lamellar polyimide and experimental study on salinity measurement of gravel aquifer

Under the influence of climate warming, sea level rise and human activities, seawater intrusion has become a significant problem. Seawater intrusion salinates groundwater and impacts on ecological environment and society. It needs to be monitored to scale to environment in order to develop and implement preventive or remedial measures. In-situ large-scale monitoring of groundwater salinity is a key step in the prevention of seawater intrusion. However, current monitoring technologies are either too labor-intensive or excessively expensive when used in large-scale in-situ monitoring. Optical fiber techniques that are presently used in measurements of salinity are mostly limited to laboratory experiments. Herein, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) salinity sensor for in-situ monitoring of groundwater salinity is proposed. The sensor is composed of a FBG coated with polyimide (PI) and an uncoated FBG for salinity sensing and temperature compensation. On the basis of feasibility test and analyses using water diffusion model, a mathematical matrix for calculating salinity and temperature is proposed and applied to salinity measurement in gravel aquifers. The results indicate that the sensitivity coefficients of FBG coated with lamellar polyimide, to water salinity and temperature, are −0.0358 nm/%, 0.0321 nm/°C, respectively. The uncoated FBG is only sensitive to temperature, and the sensitivity coefficient is 0.0095 nm/%. The results of gravel aquifer measurements show that the FBG salinity sensor has good repeatability and consistency with measurements obtained with an electronic salinity meter. The absolute and RMS errors of the salinity measurements are −0.16 to 0.21%, 0.1048%, respectively, and the absolute and RMS errors of temperature are −0.31 to 0.33 °C, 0.1917 °C, respectively. The FBG salinity sensor provides a new means for in-situ monitoring of seawater intrusion.

Study of permafrost distribution in Sikkim Himalayas using Sentinel-2 satellite images and logistic regression modelling

In this study, Sentinel-2A (S-2A) Multi-Spectral Instrument (MSI) Level 1C (L1C) products are used for identification and mapping of rock glaciers within a transect under observation in Sikkim Himalayas. The mapped rock glaciers were classified on the basis of their activity (intact or relict) and their origin (glacier-derived or talus-derived). Logistic regression models were applied to calculate the probability of permafrost distribution within transect under observation. We observed that freely available high resolution S-2A MSI L1C products are a valuable addition to the already existing freely available high resolution satellite images that can be exploited to study rock glaciers in Himalayan region. The distribution of rock glaciers in Sikkim Himalayas is found to be strongly controlled by elevation and aspect. Topoclimatic conditions above 5000 m a.s.l. are favourable for the presence of permafrost in Sikkim Himalayas. More glacier-derived rock glaciers than talus-derived rock glaciers were observed within transect under observation. Outputs from logistic regression models were capable to reasonably estimate the spatially-distributed probability of permafrost occurrence in the region. However, outputs from these models depended upon the selection of the initiation line location points of rock glaciers and topoclimatic and topographic variables used as predictors for model computation. Based on probability distribution maps, more than 60% (>800 km2) area of transect under observation could contain permafrost. This high areal abundance of permafrost in Sikkim Himalayas suggests increased risks of thawing permafrost under the influence of climate warming in future.

Simulation analysis of temperature field of permafrost roadbed

The finite element analysis model of roadbed temperature field in permafrost region is established with finite element software platform. By using this model, the temperature field of roadbed is compared and analysed, and the freezing-thawing depth and variation rule of roadbed are studied. The results showed that the actual freezing depth was 1.8m. With the increase of the climate warming temperature, the temperature field in the roadbed changes slowly, and the temperature at different depths increases. Due to the influence of climate warming, the roadbed was in a complete positive temperature state when the maximum freezing depth appeared after 20 years. The result shown that the time of the roadbed appeared in the maximum freezing depth was earlier, the time of the roadbed in the seasonal freezing area became shorter, and the maximum freezing depth decreased.

Research progress on the responses of soil respiration components to climatic warming.

Global carbon cycle is being profoundly altered by climate change. As an important component of the global carbon cycle, soil respiration is tightly linked to the carbon transfer among plants-soil-microbes. Soil respiration can be divided into the heterotrophic respiration and root-derived respiration (i.e., actual root respiration and rhizomicrobial respiration). Responses of soil respiration to climate warming may be different, since its components differ in occurrence sites and sources of soil organic carbon. However, the current literatures can not fully clarify the precise partition and quantification of soil respiration components. The influences of climate warming on soil respiration and related mechanisms are still unclear, which greatly limits our understanding of the accurate assessments of soil carbon cycle as well as the changes in the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems under climate change. We systematically summarized the progress of partitioning techniques of soil respiration components, and compared the results of partitioning of soil respiration components using different techniques. We further discussed the progress on the responses of soil respiration components to climate warming. To exactly distinguish and quantify soil respiration components, we proposed that the present techniques should be modified. Furthermore, future studies should focus on how to accurately partitioning root-derived respiration in the field for comprehensively understand soil carbon cycle and the changes of carbon budget in terrestrial ecosystems under global change. Moreover, more attention should be paid on the responses of soil respiration components to various environmental factors.

Sedimentary biogeochemical record in Lake Gonghai: Implications for recent lake changes in relatively remote areas of China

Owing to rapid socio-economic development and climate warming, lakes even in remote areas have experienced marked changes in the last century. However, there are few studies revealing the multi-faceted biogeochemical changes and disentangling impacts of human and climate in relatively remote lakes in China. In this study we reconstructed historical changes of geochemistry, nutrition, primary production, ecology, and pollution in an alpine lake (Gonghai) in central North China, and revealed coherent changes and drivers in relatively remote Chinese lakes by compiling other records. Results show that Lake Gonghai has experienced considerably biogeochemical changes since the 1980s induced mainly by increased regional human activities, with detected human-related changes occurring in the 1950s–70s. The most important change is a shift of diatom primary producers in the 1980s, caused mainly by an increase of regional atmospheric N and P deposition associated with rapid socio-economic development. Another remarkable change is the increase of pollution levels since the 1980s, represented by heavy metals, also caused by atmospheric deposition. Compiled sediment records demonstrate similar biogeochemical changes in most lakes from relatively remote areas of China since the 1970s–80s, associated closely with increased inputs of human-induced atmospheric N, P and pollutants, whereas the influence of climate warming is likely limited. This study highlights markedly human-related biogeochemical changes in relatively remote Chinese lakes during the Anthropocene epoch.

Predicting the distribution of Stipa purpurea across the Tibetan Plateau via the MaxEnt model

BackgroundThe ecosystems across Tibetan Plateau are changing rapidly under the influence of climate warming, which has caused substantial changes in spatial and temporal environmental patterns. Stipa purpurea, as a dominant herbsage resource in alpine steppe, has a great influence on animal husbandry in the Tibetan Plateau. Global warming has been forecasted to continue in the future (2050s, 2070s), questioning the future distribution of S. purpurea and its response to climate change. The maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modeling, due to its multiple advantages (e.g. uses presence-only data, performs well with incomplete data, and requires small sample sizes and gaps), has been used to understand species environment relationships and predict species distributions across locations that have not been sampled.ResultsAnnual mean temperature, annual precipitation, temperature seasonality, altitude, and precipitation during the driest month, significantly affected the distribution of S. purpurea. Only 0.70% of the Tibetan Plateau area included a very highly suitable habitat (habitat suitability [HS] = 0.8–1.0). Highly suitable habitat (HS = 0.6–0.8), moderately suitable habitat (HS = 0.4–0.6), and unsuitable habitat (HS = 0.2–0.4) occupied 6.20, 14.30 and 22.40% of the Tibetan Plateau area, respectively, and the majority (56.40%) of the Tibetan Plateau area constituted a highly unsuitable habitat (HS = 0–0.2). In addition, the response curves of species ecological suitability simulated by generalized additive model nearly corresponded with the response curves generated by the MaxEnt model.ConclusionsAt a temporal scale, the habitat suitability of S. purpurea tends to increase from the 1990s to 2050s, but decline from the 2050s to 2070s. At a spatial scale, the future distribution of S. purpurea will not exhibit sweeping changes and will remain in the central and southeastern regions of the Tibetan Plateau. These results benefit the local animal husbandry and provide evidence for establishing reasonable management practices.

Структура годичных колец древесины сосны обыкновенной в зоне аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС в связи с густотой древостоев

RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE, 2018, No. 4, P. 285-291 LINKAGES BETWEEN STRUCTURE OF ANNUAL RINGS OF SCOTS PINE AND STAND DENSITY IN THE REGION OF CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT A. A. Belov All-Russian Research Institute of Silviculture and Mechanization of Forestry Institutskaya st. 15, Pushkino, Moscow Oblast, 141202, Russia E-mail: belov@roslesrad.ru Received 29 September 2016 We studied features of annual rings development in the stands of Bryansk Oblast polluted by radionuclides from Chernobyl accident. The evidence of relationships between zverage annual radial increment, average width of spring and summer layers of timber within an annual ring and stand density was observed in 80-years old blueberry pine forests. We found direct links between annual increment, and its spring and summer components, with average distance between trees. The stand density had the most pronounced effect on the spring growth of timber with the increment gradient from 0.204 to 0.244 mm m -1 . While in summer it varied from 0.038 to 0.066 mm m -1 . The contribution of the late timber in a tree-ring increased from 50.4-54.8% in the least dense to 72.5-75.8% in the densest stands. However chronic irradiation did not differ across the stand density gradient. Stimulation of the annual growth increment by irradiance was estimated from 50.4 to 51.9%. It contributed from 39.1 to 46.1 of the spring increment to 43.2-58.6% of the summer increment with 95% confidence. Keywords: Scots pine, stand density, radiocaesium soil pollution, radial increment, tree-ring structure. DOI: 10.1134/S0024114818040046 REFERENCES Antanaitis V.V., Zagreev V.V., Prirost lesa (Forest yield), Moscow: Lesnaya promyshlennost', 1981, 100 p. 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Vole abundance and reindeer carcasses determine breeding activity of Arctic foxes in low Arctic Yamal, Russia

BackgroundHigh latitude ecosystems are at present changing rapidly under the influence of climate warming, and specialized Arctic species at the southern margin of the Arctic may be particularly affected. The Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), a small mammalian predator endemic to northern tundra areas, is able to exploit different resources in the context of varying tundra ecosystems. Although generally widespread, it is critically endangered in subarctic Fennoscandia, where a fading out of the characteristic lemming cycles and competition with abundant red foxes have been identified as main threats. We studied an Arctic fox population at the Erkuta Tundra Monitoring site in low Arctic Yamal (Russia) during 10 years in order to determine which resources support the breeding activity in this population. In the study area, lemmings have been rare during the last 15 years and red foxes are nearly absent, creating an interesting contrast to the situation in Fennoscandia.ResultsArctic fox was breeding in nine of the 10 years of the study. The number of active dens was on average 2.6 (range 0–6) per 100 km2 and increased with small rodent abundance. It was also higher after winters with many reindeer carcasses, which occurred when mortality was unusually high due to icy pastures following rain-on-snow events. Average litter size was 5.2 (SD = 2.1). Scat dissection suggested that small rodents (mostly Microtus spp.) were the most important prey category. Prey remains observed at dens show that birds, notably waterfowl, were also an important resource in summer.ConclusionsThe Arctic fox in southern Yamal, which is part of a species-rich low Arctic food web, seems at present able to cope with a state shift of the small rodent community from high amplitude cyclicity with lemming dominated peaks, to a vole community with low amplitude fluctuations. The estimated breeding parameters characterized the population as intermediate between the lemming fox and the coastal fox ecotype. Only continued ecosystem-based monitoring will reveal their fate in a changing tundra ecosystem.

Human-environment dynamics in European treeline ecosystems: a synthesis based on the DPSIR framework

CR Climate Research Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials CR 73:17-29 (2017) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01454 Human-environment dynamics in European treeline ecosystems: a synthesis based on the DPSIR framework A. P. Kyriazopoulos1, O. Skre2,*, S. Sarkki3, F. E. Wielgolaski4, E. M. Abraham5, A. Ficko6 1Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, 193 Pantazidou str., 68200 Orestiada, Greece 2Skre Nature and Environment, Fanaflaten 4, 5244 Fana, Norway 3Cultural Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities, PO Box 1000, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland 4Department of Bioscience, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway 5Laboratory of Range Science, Department of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece 6Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 83, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia *Corresponding author: oddvar@nmvskre.no‑Advance View was available online May 18, 2017 ABSTRACT: The state of, and changes to, altitudinal and polar treeline ecosystems and their services in selected mountain regions in Europe were analyzed using the drivers-pressures-state-impacts-responses (DPSIR) framework. The analysis was based on 45 responses of experts from 19 countries to 2 semi-structured questionnaires on treeline ecosystem services (ESs), stakeholders and the DPSIR factors, and 11 case study descriptions of best management practices. The experts recognized climate and land-use changes as the main drivers, resulting in various pressures that contrasted among the regions. The impacts of the pressures were mainly considered as negative (e.g. loss of biodiversity, root rot diseases, moth and bark beetle outbreaks, wild fires, decrease of (sub)alpine grasslands, browsing), but also as positive (e.g. increase in forested area). The influence of climate warming, altered precipitation regimes, a longer growing season, annual variation in winter climate and increased ground-level ozone concentrations were considered less critical for recent treeline dynamics than land abandonment, increased tourism and livestock pressure. Current policy responses to emerging pressures and stakeholder demands were considered insufficient and incoherent. Mitigation, adaptation and restoration actions were rare and with no evident long-term impact. We conclude that (1) locally-specific human-environment interactions have greater influence on treeline dynamics than global warming; (2) ecological and social sustainability of the treeline areas can be enhanced by simultaneously promoting traditional land use and regulating tourism development; (3) ES users should look for new opportunities arising from environmental change rather than trying to sustain current levels of ESs indefinitely; and (4) to safeguard the unique ecological and social values of treeline areas, more coherent and proactive policies are needed. KEY WORDS: Mountain forests · DPSIR framework · Climate change · Land-use change · Ecosystem services · Disturbances · Biodiversity Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Kyriazopoulos AP, Skre O, Sarkki S, Wielgolaski FE, Abraham EM, Ficko A (2017) Human-environment dynamics in European treeline ecosystems: a synthesis based on the DPSIR framework. Clim Res 73:17-29. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01454 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in CR Vol. 73, No. 1-2. Online publication date: August 21, 2017 Print ISSN: 0936-577X; Online ISSN: 1616-1572 Copyright © 2017 Inter-Research.

Erratum to: Influence of climate warming and resin collection on the growth of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) in a subtropical forest, southern China

Influence of climate warming and resin collection on the growth of Masson pine. Using tree-ring analysis coupled with the resin tapping history and climate data, we investigated the effects of climate warming and resin collection on the radial growth of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) in southern China. Fifty Masson pine trees from untapped (LDC) and tapped (WLS) stands were sampled from Changting, southern China. The radial growth of Masson pine at the LDC site was positively influenced by previous November and current February temperature and current July precipitation. There is an abrupt change point of the LDC series in 2002, which may be linked with regional climate warming. An increasing trend in the LDC series over the last 20 years is also found. Resin collection had a negative effect on the radial growth of Masson pine at the WLS site, especially on old trees. The positive effect of climate warming on the radial growth of Masson pine was offset by the negative effect of the resin collection. Therefore, in order to keep timber production, the unplanned resin collection should be forbidden.