Inferential Analysis Research Articles

Digital Teaching Materials to Improve Students' Reading Skills Based on Ruddell Taxonomy in Senior High School

Digital teaching materials are essential in language learning, helping students understand reading. Reading comprehension can be obtained through the process of reading comprehension. Ruddell's taxonomy classifies reading comprehension levels into three groups, namely factual, interpretative, and applicative comprehension. This study uses Ruddell's taxonomy to determine the improvement of each reading comprehension level of public high school students in Bandung City after being treated using digital modules. This research used a quantitative method with a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects in this study were 10th-grade students in three public high schools in Bandung City, namely SMAN 1 Bandung, SMAN 19 Bandung, and SMAN 20 and non-test. Data analysis techniques in this study used quantitative analysis, which consisted of descriptive statistical analysis and inferential analysis. The data were tested for normality prerequisites, then continued with the nonparametric technique of the Wilcoxon test using the SPSS 24 application. The improvement of students' reading ability was known through the Normalized Gain test. The results showed a high-category increase in interpretative comprehension, a medium-category increase in applicative comprehension, and a low-category increase in factual comprehension. The treatment, with the help of digital teaching materials, caused a rise in students' reading skills.

The Relationship between Gender, Smartphone Addiction, and Sleep Quality among High School Students at Adventist Schools in Jakarta

Smartphone addiction is one of the crucial problems that is happening among teenagers. This habit may lead to various problems such as lower sleep quality. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction and sleep quality. This study applied quantitative analysis to investigate the correlation between gender, smartphone addiction, and sleep quality among 270 students in levels 10-12 from 8 Adventist High Schools in Jakarta. The study used simple random sampling technique. The study used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). Both descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical program. The hypotheses of the study were tested using Pearson correlation. The study found a correlation between high school students' sleep quality and smartphone addiction, as well as a higher rate of smartphone addiction among female students than male students. The study found that students' rates of smartphone addiction decreased with improved sleep quality. Addressing smartphone addiction and inadequate sleep is essential for raising high school students's academic achievement.

Renewable Energy and Sustainability Convergence

The change to renewable energy in the development of senior citizens homes is crucial as professionals in the built environment and organizations are getting more conscious of environmental conservation. The need to cut energy billing costs, raising energy efficiency, and emit little or no greenhouse gases known to be dangerous to human living makes this very imperative. Solar, wind, and geothermal energy sources are gaining ground. This study seeks to examine the benefits of incorporating renewable energy in housing facilities that accommodate senior citizens. The survey research design, employing qualitative and quantitative data from respondents, was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis. The study revealed that structures integrated with solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, solar panels and wind power can reduce dependence on conventional power systems, having a notable positive influence on the greenhouse effect through a reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases, providing satisfactory indoor conditions to have a positive impact on elderly health. Favourable government policies and regulations in terms of subsidies, grants and regulation enforcement of regulations would help greatly. The research concluded that in addition to improving the quality of care for elderly residents, the generation of renewable energy promotes the concept of sustainability.

Development of Web-Based Learning Media Using Google Sites to Improve Learning Outcomes of IPAS

This research aims to develop a website-based learning media using Google Sites so that it can improve student learning outcomes in science learning grade V elementary school. This development research is carried out according to the ADDIE model. Data collection techniques through interviews, observations, questionnaires, and tests. The data analysis technique uses qualitative and quantitative descriptive and inferential analysis techniques. At the media implementation stage, two trials were carried out, namely a small-scale trial with 5 students and a large-scale trial with 15 students. The result of this research is that the media that has been developed is classified as a very feasible qualification from media experts and material experts. The results of the t-test showed a significant increase in the results of the pre-test and post-test. The results of the N-Gain test showed an increase in the moderate category. Thus, it can be concluded that web-based learning media using Google sites that have been developed can be one of the solutions to improve student learning outcomes

Performance dynamics in professional padel: winners, forced errors, and unforced errors among men and women players

ABSTRACT The study aimed to analyse the number of satisfactory shots, the effectiveness of the last shot, and the winners, forced errors, and unforced errors in men’s and women’s professional padel. Data were collected from 41 professional matches at the World Padel Tour Finland Padel Open tournament, focusing on variables such as “set result, effectiveness and typology of the last shot, and number of successful shots”. Descriptive and inferential analyses, including chi-square tests and Z-tests with Bonferroni corrections, were performed. Results indicate that in the men’s padel, the serving pair wins more points than the returning pair. Similarly, in the women’s padel, the serving pair generally wins more points, but in long rallies (20+ shots), the returning pair wins slightly more. A significant association exists between the type of shot and its effectiveness in both winning and losing pairs (p < 0.001). In both men’s and women’s padel, smashes (24.6%–45.7%), bandejas (12.6%–20.2%), and volleys (24.0%–36.0%) are the most effective shots to secure winners. Backhand volleys (18.3%–25.1%) account for the most forced errors, while the most unforced errors are made with bandejas (19.2%–27.0%). These findings are crucial for coaches and players, helping to tailor training to improve match performance based on shot type and sex.

THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING MODEL ON STUDENTS' PHYSICS LEARNING OUTCOMES

The purpose of this study is to measure student learning outcomes using problem-based learning models on students' physics learning outcomes. The research method is using experimental research. The research design used is Posttest-Only Control Design. The sampling technique used in the study was simple random sampling, so one class was obtained as a control class, namely class X mathematics science 2 and one class as an experimental class. With Data Analysis Techniques using Descriptive Analysis and inferential analysis. The results of the study showed that students who were taught with problem-based learning models had high average physics learning outcomes scores, while students who were not taught with this model had average physics learning outcomes scores that were in the low and sufficient categories. This study also found a significant difference in physics learning outcomes between the two groups, indicating that problem-based learning models have a positive effect on students' physics learning outcomes. This study provides a new perspective in measuring the effectiveness of problem-based learning models, especially in improving students' physics learning outcomes, which have not previously been widely studied in the context of physics learning in Indonesia.

PENGARUH ETIKA PROFESI, PROFESIONALISME, INDEPENDENSI, DAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA AUDITOR INTERNAL

This research was conducted with the aim of determining the influence of professional ethics, professionalism, independence and organizational commitment on the performance of internal auditors. This research uses primary data using a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The respondents in this research were the Auditors of the Main Inspectorate of the Central Jakarta National Narcotics Agency (BNN). The sampling technique uses a saturated sampling technique with a total of 60 auditors as respondents. The analysis used is Descriptive Statistical Analysis and Inferential Statistical Analysis using the SmartPLS 4.0 program. The results of this research show that Professionalism and Organizational Commitment have a positive effect on Internal Auditor Performance, while Professional Ethics and Independence have no effect on Internal Auditor Performance

Farmers’ traditional knowledge on seasonal frost management and their tree preferences in frost affected highlands of Amhara region, Ethiopia

Extreme environmental conditions, such as high temperature, frost, low humidity and desiccating winds, are the main causes for the failure of plantation forests in Ethiopia. Frost damage contributes to the low seedling survival and plantation success in frost affected highlands of Amhara region Ethiopia. Research outputs on farmers' traditional knowledge on frost management and technologies that curb frost related problems are limited in the country. This study was conducted to document the farmers’ traditional knowledge on frost management and their tree preference in frost affected highlands of Amhara region. Sinan, Guna-begemder and Meket districts were selected purposively in 2020. One representative sample Kebele was selected in each district with a total of 204 households selected with systematic random sampling technique for interview. In addition to interview focus group discussion was also conducted. Both descriptive and inferential statistics data analysis method were employed. In this study, frost was found to be an important limiting factor for plantation development in the study area. Frost occurs, mainly, from September to January. The local community applies traditional frost management techniques. The seasonality of frost occurrence and type of traditional frost management practices varied among the studied Kebeles. Eucalyptus globulus, Oldeania alpina, Rhamnus prinoides and Chamaecytisus palmensis were preferred trees species due to their frost resistant performance. The effectiveness of identified traditional frost management techniques needs to be investigated before they can be promoting and disseminating. Farmers should also be trained in proper techniques to protect planted seedlings from frost damage. Adjusting the timing of planting may also help to mitigate the effect of frost damage.

Planning, Operation and Supervision of Energy Renewal through Cooling Load and Thermal Comfort of Hotel Buildings

Abstract. The research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive, inferential and SEM statistical analysis using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The results of the study found that energy management starting from planning, operation and supervision showed a target cooling load of 25°C and a humandity of 60% for hotel buildings. The results of the calculation of external and internal cooling loads indicate that the hotel building has implemented an energy strategy using low wattage air conditioners and inverters. The results of SEM-PLS analysis obtained that the variables of planning, operation and supervision directly have a significant influence on cooling load, thermal comfort and energy renewability. Cooling loads and thermal comfort directly have a significant effect on energy renewability. For the analysis of the overall specific indirect effect, the planning, operation and supervision variables have a significant effect on energy renewability through cooling load and thermal comfort. This means that energy renewability is determined by the implementation of energy management starting from planning, operation and supervision as well as the calculation of cooling loads and thermal comfort.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL ATTITUDE AND ETHICS OF ASSOCIATION WITH THE MORALS OF PHYSICS EDUCATION STUDENTS

This study aims to describe how social attitudes, ethics of socializing, and noble morals, and whether there is a significant relationship between social attitudes and ethics of socializing with noble morals of physics education students. This study is a quantitative descriptive study. The sample of this study was 88 physics education students. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistics and inferential statistics for hypothesis testing. Based on the results of the study and descriptive analysis, the average score of social attitudes was 60.23 and the average score of social ethics was 65.26, each score was in the sufficient category, where seen from the most dominant assessment indicators, attitudes can be learned, and attitudes can change with an average value of 289.25, for social ethics, the most dominant assessment indicator was understanding and applying ethics with an average value of 297.75, and the average score of morals of physics education students was 65.67 which was also in the sufficient category, where seen from the most dominant assessment indicators, it was education with an average value of 317. The results of the inferential analysis showed that the Fcount value was 2624.45 while the Ftable at a significance level of 5% was 3.13. Thus, the Fcount value is much greater than the Ftable value, meaning that there is a significant relationship between social attitudes and social ethics with the morals of physics education students.

Benchmarking the Determinants of Nutritional Status among Community Schools’ Children in Nepal

The government of Nepal initiated the Mid Day Meal Program (MDMP) to reduce hunger and increase educational outcomes, including health status. However, limited studies have been conducted on these issues covering the nutritional status of students at the lower basic level at community schools in Nepal. The main objective of the study is to determine the factors associated with malnutrition among children from community schools in Nepal. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 98 (46 basic and 52 secondary) community schools from 44 municipalities in Nepal. Altogether, 2727 students participated in the questionnaire survey and anthropometric measurement. Data collection was performed on May 10-31, 2023. WHO Anthro plus and LMS (Lambda Mu and Sigma) parameters were used: weight for age for national health and nutrition survey recommended by CDC/National Center for Health Statistics for ages older than ten years to analyze nutritional status, including z scores. Descriptive analysis, including inferential analyses such as the chi-square test and logistic regression, was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics v25. The prevalence of weight-for-age Z-score[WAZ], height-for-age Z-score [HAZ], and body mass index-for-age Z-score [BAZ] were 72%, 75%, and 82%, respectively. Students with z-scores outside the range of ±2 were classified as malnourished. Of them, 27.3%, 23% and 16.6% were assessed as underweight, stunted and thin, respectively. Students' sociodemographic characteristics such as age, asex, family size and type, source of income, wealth status were significantly associated with malnutrition, while age group, gender, wealth status, residence setting, and geographical location were noted as significant predictors of nutritional status. The study found no statistical relationship between school feeding and good nutrition, questioning the quality of the midday meal program. The study concludes that existing school-based nutritional interventions need to be re-evaluated and re-designed since it is less potent to minimize malnutrition among students substantially. Policymakers could consider these findings when planning and implementing nutrition-related policies and programs.

The relationship analysis of the traditional medicine knowledge level and self-medication knowledge level on the practice the use of traditional medicine at the University of Darussalam Gontor

The use of traditional medicine aims to provide preventive, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative measures against a disease. Self-medication is one of the curative health efforts that is often carried out by the community to prevent the disease they are suffering from, as an act of selecting and using medication without a doctor's prescription to treat disorders and symptoms of disease. This research aims to increase understanding, knowledge, and practice of traditional medicine self-medication. This type of research is observational-quantitative, using a cross-sectional approach, which is a research design to study correlation techniques between risk factors and the factors that influence them. Data collection used questionnaires distributed directly with a sample size of 481 respondents. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the entire research sample data in the form of sociodemographic data, level of knowledge, self-medication, and practice of using traditional medicine. The inferential analysis used is the Spearman rank correlation test to see the relationship between variables. The results of the research show that there is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge of traditional medicine and the practice of using traditional medicine by respondents of (p value=0.001) and r value = 0.146 and there is a significant relationship between knowledge of self-medication and the practice of using traditional medicine of (p value= 0.005) and r value = 0.128 so this research is in the same direction. Keywords: knowledge, practice, self-medication, traditional medicine

The Influence of Implementing the Project Based Learning Model on Students’ Geography Learning Motivation at SMA N 1 Tanjung Mutiara Agam Regency

This research is motivated by the problem of low motivation to study geography, no concentration and low activity during learning, there is no student feedback when learning takes place. The purpose of this study was to find out and analyze data that had the effect of applying the Project Based Learning learning model on increasing students' motivation to learn Geography at SMA N 1 Tanjung Mutiara, Agam Regency. The type of research used was a quasi-experimental research, the research design used was a non-equivalent Control Group Design. The population of all class X students of SMA N 1 Tanjung Mutiara, Agam Regency who were registered in the 2022/2023 school year consisted of 6 classes and the sampling in this study was conducted by random sampling, the instruments in this study were warm and the data analysis techniques were descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Research results: Is there an effect of applying the Project Based Learning learning model to increasing students' motivation to learn Geography at SMA N 1 Tanjung Mutiara, Agam Regency, research. Based on the descriptive analysis of the experimental class (Project based learning) which obtained a percentage value of 84% in the High category while students in the control class (Conventional) obtained a percentage value of 78% with High. Based on the independent sample t-test regarding student questionnaire answers, it can be concluded that the sig value is 0.002 &lt; 0.05 which states that the coefficient value is significant because tcount &gt; ttable = 3.298 &gt; ttable 1.670, thus it can be interpreted that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. so, there is an influence of the project based learning learning model on student learning motivation in the subject of Geography at SMA N 1 Tanjung Mutiara, Agam Regency.

THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL LITERACY AND INCOME ON CONSUMPTIVE BEHAVIOR WITH FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE ON GAMERS IN PALANGKA RAYA CITY

Objective – This researcher aims to determine the effect of financial literacy and income on financial behavior with financial behavior as an intervening variable. Design/Methodology/Approach – This type of research is quantitative. The population of this study is Mobile Legends: Bang-Bang gamers in Palangka Raya City with a sample of 96 respondents using non-probability sampling techniques obtained through questionnaires. Data analysis methods are descriptive analysis and inferential analysis using SmartPLS 4.0 analysis tools. Findings – The results of the study is Financial literacy does not have a significant effect on consumptive behavior on gamers in Palangka Raya City. Income has a significant effect on consumptive behavior on gamers in Palangka Raya City. Financial literacy and income has a significant effect on financial behavior. Financial literacy and income does not affect on consumptive behavior through financial behavior as an intervening variable on gamers in Palangka Raya City. Conclusion and Implications – This study is expected to be a reference for future researchers and further developed, such as looking for other variables that have a possible influence on financial behavior and consumptive behavior.

The Influence of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Models on the Biology Learning Outcomes of High School Students

Abstract. This research aims to determine the effect of the problem-based learning model on the biology learning outcomes of high school students in the circulatory system topic. This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. The study was conducted at SMA Negeri 9 Makassar. The population in this study comprised all eleventh-grade students of SMA Negeri 9 Makassar. The research sample included class XI Biology 5 as the control class and XI Biology 7 as the experimental class, selected through random sampling. The research instrument consisted of a multiple-choice test with 25 questions. Data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis, including normality tests, homogeneity tests, and hypothesis tests in the form of ANCOVA tests. The analysis results showed that the learning outcomes of students in the class taught using the PBL model, with an average pretest score of 31.12, categorized as poor and very poor, significantly improved, marked by an average posttest score of 86, categorized as very good and good. The ANCOVA test results showed a sig. value of &lt; 0.05, indicating that the problem-based learning model has an effect on the biology learning outcomes of high school students.Keyword: learning outcomes, problem-based learning

Striking a Balance: Evaluating Credit Risk with Traditional and Machine Learning Models

This research assesses machine learning models' validity, clarity, and equity, compared to classical models and especially logistic regression in credit risk evaluation. In the traditional model of data management, efficiency and the accuracy of information are challenges; an issue of machine learning models is model selection and multicollinearity. The study intends to help financial institutions establish the best strategy for their needs. Furthermore, it delves into the effect of heterogeneous data sources on the credit risk model using machine learning. The research analyses the implications of using machine learning in assessing credit risk. Interestingly, focusing on peer-to-peer lending platforms, the research aims to deal with the need for more attention to combining machine learning and traditional models in the literature. The deductive method is the application of inferential analyses, the Traditional model is logistic regression, and the Machine Learning model is a neural network (CNN model) based on secondary data from the Kaggle peer-to-peer lending dataset. With likely findings expected to comprise prediction of the probability of default and better availability of loans, risk analysis leads to formulated lending decisions managing a financial portfolio.

The Relationship between Incorrect Body Posture in Elementary School Children on Idiopathic Scoliosis

Idiopathic scoliosis is a condition of spinal deformity characterized by abnormal lateral curvature. The factor that is thought to play a role in the development of idiopathic scoliosis is incorrect body posture. This research is a correlation study which aims to determine the significant relationship between incorrect body posture and the incidence of idiopathic scoliosis in elementary school children. This research approach uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive quantitative research type with a correlational model. Research data was obtained through questionnaires, documentation and measurements using a scoliometer. The population in this study were all sixth grade students at SDIT Bangkinang Elementary School, totaling 35 students. Independent variable is a sitting position using the Questionnaire on Body Awareness of Postural Habits in Young People (Q BAPHYP) measurement tool. The dependent variable is scoliosis measured using the Adam's Forward bending test. Data analysis techniques are descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. After analyzing the research results, it shows that incorrect body posture has a significant relationship with the incidence of idiopathic scoliosis in elementary school children as proven by the results of data analysis, p= 0.000 or p&lt; 0.05. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between incorrect body posture and the incidence of idiopathic scoliosis in elementary school children.

Der Zusammenhang zwischen Adipositas, sozialer Isolation und psychischer Gesundheit – Ergebnisse der LIFE-Adult-Studie

ZusammenfassungHintergrundBevölkerungsbasierte Studien zum Zusammenhang von sozialer Isolation und Adipositas, die auch jüngere Erwachsene einschließen, fehlen in Deutschland bisher. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Untersuchung der Prävalenzen sozialer Isolation bei Menschen mit und ohne Adipositas. Zudem werden sozial Isolierte mit und ohne Adipositas hinsichtlich soziodemografischer und sozioökonomischer Faktoren sowie depressiver Symptomatik untersucht.MethodenGrundlage waren die Baseline-Daten der LIFE-Adult-Studie (18–79 Jahre) aus dem Studienzeitraum 2011–2014. Die untersuchte Stichprobe umfasste n = 8350 Teilnehmende. Erhoben wurden neben soziodemografischen Charakteristika und dem sozioökonomischen Status (SES), Daten zur sozialen Isolation (LSNS-6), zu Depressivität (ADS) und Body-Mass-Index (BMI). Die Auswertungen erfolgten mittels inferenzstatistischer Analysen und linearer Regression.ErgebnisseInsgesamt waren 13,1 % der Gesamtstichprobe von sozialer Isolation betroffen. Teilnehmende mit Adipositas (20,4 %) wiesen eine signifikant (p < 0,001) höhere Prävalenz als jene ohne Adipositas auf (11,4 %). Eine bessere soziale Einbindung war signifikant mit jüngerem Alter (p < 0,001), weiblichem Geschlecht (p < 0,001), einem verheirateten (und zusammenlebenden) Familienstand (p < 0,001), einem höheren sozioökonomischen Status (p < 0,001) sowie einer geringeren depressiven Symptomatik (p < 0,001) assoziiert.DiskussionEin höherer BMI ging nicht per se mit einer schlechteren sozialen Einbindung einher. Es zeigte sich jedoch, dass sozial isolierte Menschen mit Adipositas im Vergleich zu jenen ohne Adipositas eine besondere Risikogruppe für eine eingeschränkte psychische Gesundheit darstellen und eine doppelt so hohe Prävalenz von sozialer Isolation aufwiesen.

The Effects of Digital Technologies on Green Logistics Performance in Tanzania: A Moderation and Mediation Analysis Using PLS-SEM

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of digital technologies on the green logistics performance of Tanzanian procuring entities. The study was guided by the technology-organization-environment model, the Schumpeter theory of innovation, and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. A total of 427 respondents were included in the study, and data were collected using the stratified sampling technique. The study employed post positivism research paradigm and involved the use of explanatory cross-sectional surveys in data collection. The data were collected by administering questionnaires and examining relevant documents. The inferential statistics analysis of data collected was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling with the help of SmartPLS 4 software. The data collected on respondents' profiles was analyzed using descriptive statistics with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics Version 26. The results suggest that the use of augmented reality, predictive analytics, information and communication technology (ICT) specialists, and the intention to use robots all have a beneficial impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of green logistics. The study recommends that suppliers and buyers in Tanzania and other developing countries should use robots, augmented reality, ICT specialists and predictive analytics to improve the green logistics performance.

Predictors of Delayed Antenatal Care Initiation in a Rural District of Ghana: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study

Aim: Pregnancy complications significantly affect health, making timely antenatal care (ANC) essential for early detection and skilled delivery. Despite WHO guidelines, some pregnant women in Ghana's Offinso North District delay their first ANC visit. This study explored intrapersonal and interpersonal factors contributing to this delay. Methods: Conducted from October 2021 to March 2022, this institutional cross-sectional study collected data from 397 pregnant women through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS version 20. Results: Approximately 47% of pregnant women booked their antenatal care late. Key personal reasons hindering early ANC initiation included financial constraints, busy schedules, and insufficient knowledge about early ANC. Interpersonal barriers included pregnant women’s difficulty in initiating antenatal care (ANC) on their own, inadequate support from partners and family, and a lack of information about the importance of ANC in the media. Lower educational attainment (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI [1.13, 3.08], p = 0.016), lower income levels (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI [1.00, 5.85], p = 0.049), lack of knowledge about early ANC (AOR = 0.59, 95% CI [0.36, 0.99], p = 0.045) and busy schedules (AOR = 0.09, 95% CI [0.05, 0.17], p &lt; 0.001) were significant predictors of late ANC initiation. Conclusion: The study identifies a high prevalence of delayed antenatal care (ANC), primarily linked to educational and income levels, with financial constraints, demanding schedules, and insufficient knowledge as major contributing factors. Recommendations: To improve early antenatal care (ANC) uptake and health outcomes, targeted interventions such as financial support and ongoing health education through outreach are crucial. Future research should evaluate the long-term effects of these interventions and explore additional support mechanisms.