Industry Linkages Research Articles

How automated machines influence employment in manufacturing enterprises?

This paper theoretically analyzes and empirically examines the impact and mechanisms of automated machines on employment in manufacturing enterprises, drawing on task-based model and using micro data from listed Chinese manufacturing enterprises between 2012 and 2019. Our findings reveal that: (1) Automated machines in manufacturing enterprises leads to a substitution effect on the total labor force, with a substitution effect on low-skilled labor and a creation effect on high-skilled labor in terms of employment structure. (2) Further analysis indicates that automated machines primarily have a positive effect on R&D and technical staff, a non-significant effect on sales staff, and a negative impact on production, administrative, and financial staff. (3) The primary influencing mechanisms of automated machines on employment in manufacturing firms are productivity effects and output scale effects, based on the mediation effect model. (4) Considering the industry linkage effect, we employ the input-output method and the Input-Output Table and find that automated machines for upstream (downstream) manufacturing enterprises will result in a substitution effect on employment for downstream (upstream) enterprises. The novelties and research contributions are as follows: (1) we conduct a structural decomposition of total employment, and further decompose employment positions into production, R&D, sales, finance, and administration. (2) We try to investigate the industry linkage effect about the impact of automated machines on the employment of upstream and downstream enterprises. (3) We use data from listed manufacturing companies, and the data of existing research are about provincial and industry-level data.

부울경 내 산업연계의 동태적 분석과 광역적 산업정책에 대한 함의

부울경 내 산업연계의 동태적 분석과 광역적 산업정책에 대한 함의

Declining Enrollment in Long-Term Engineering Programs: Stakeholders’ Perspectives

This study investigates the declining enrollment in long-term engineering programs under the Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT) in Nepal, a critical issue affecting the development of skilled human resources and socio-economic transformation. The study analyzes enrollment data over the past 4 to 5 years and assesses enrollment trends. It also incorporates insights from focus group discussions and interviews with various stakeholders, identifies underlying causes of low enrollment, and proposes actionable recommendations. The findings reveal a multifaceted decline influenced by contextual factors, such as socio-economic conditions, the allure of foreign education, and the diminishing value of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). At an institutional level, issues include haphazard extension of TVET institutions, weakened instructional quality and inadequate industry linkages. Personal perceptions also contribute that vocational education is often seen as a less prestigious alternative to general education. The study's comprehensive analysis culminates in recommendations as suggested by the research participants focused on curriculum revision, strengthening industry linkages and enhancing the overall perception and quality of TVET programs. These insights are crucial for policy formulation, educational reforms, and aligning TVET with industry needs and student aspirations in Nepal.

A pathway to coordinated regional development: Energy utilization efficiency and green development - Evidence from China's major national strategic zones

According to the new economic geography hypothesis, this study establishes an analytical framework to assess the efficiency of energy use and the progress of green development. The framework is based on panel data collected from 254 cities at the prefecture level in China. The spatial Durbin model is employed to examine the influence and spatial spillover effect of energy utilization efficiency on green development in major national strategic zones. The results show that: improving energy utilization efficiency promotes green development in major national strategic regions, with a stronger intra-regional transfer effect than inter-regional. This is confirmed by robustness and endogeneity analyses. The spillover intensity of energy utilization efficiency on green development varies across regions. It shows an inverted U-shape curve in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, a U-shape curve in the Yellow River Basin and Yangtze River Delta region, a diminishing margin in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and a growing margin in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. There is significant spatial heterogeneity within these regions. Different mediating mechanisms affect green development in different regions. The knowledge spillover effect mediates energy utilization efficiency's impact on green development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the industry linkage effect in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the environmental improvement effect in the Yellow River Basin, and the market linkage effect in the Yangtze River Delta region. To promote regional coordinated development with energy utilization efficiency, the country should not only consider differences between national strategic areas but also focus on the effects of different paths to realize the complementarity between energy utilization efficiency and green development.

The shaping of inter-regional industrial linkages by institutional and cultural division in China: Characteristics and differences

This paper contributes to distinguish different impact of institutional and cultural division on patterns of inter-regional linkages from the evidence of China. Institutional division hinders the inter-regional interactions mainly through the transaction costs mechanism, which leads to negative impact on both the horizontal and vertical linkages between regions. Cultural division hinders the industrial horizontal linkages between regions, but do not limit the formation of industrial vertical linkages. The cultural segmentation effect is mainly attributed to information mechanism. Regions with common culture have the comparative advantage of knowledge diffusion to form horizontal linkages. The expansion of industrial cooperation networks across regions needs to build up institutional trust rather than cultural proximity.

Triple Helix Model for Retrofitting Technical and Vocational Education Training in Transition to Green Economy in Tanzania

Tripartite relationship between academia, industry and the government establishes the simplest and sustainable framework to address challenges in transition to green economy. This paper focus on application of Triple Helix Model to enable the transition to green economy in Tanzania. The aim is to analyze setup of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Tanzania and identify existing collaboration and gaps between the three parties. Strategies to bridge the gaps and strengthen the relation in order to achieve transition to green economy in the country are proposed. The study analyzes key processes for curricula development, training delivery, and industrial linkages in the three main technical institutions in the country: Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology (DIT), Arusha Technical College (ATC) and National Institute of Transport (NIT). Qualitative analysis of the three processes is carried out with the aim of assessing industry and government involvement. Best practices to be adopted in order to address the inevitable transition to green economy are identified. The study concludes that sustainable transition to green economy requires deliberate effort to forge triple helix collaboration between academia, industry and the government. TVET institutions stand at a better position to bridge the existing gaps and broken linkages. However, this requires TVET institutions to consolidate their training and set both long and short term strategies to be implemented with flexibility and some degree of divergence from the business as usual conduct. Monitoring and evaluation plan need to be set in order to continuously assess dynamics and forces affecting collaboration between the three parties.

Challenges and Prospects of Private Higher Education in Pakistan

Private Higher Education (PrHE) in Pakistan has experienced significant growth in recent decades, contributing substantially to the nation's educational landscape. This study explores the multifaceted challenges and prospects confronting PrHE in Pakistan. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature, the research aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the current state of PrHE and its potential trajectories. The desk research was used to gather information and data from books, journals, reports, databases, and online resources, including relevant websites related to PrHE in Pakistan. The challenges facing private Higher Education Institutions (PrHEIs) in Pakistan encompass diverse dimensions. Financial sustainability emerges as a prominent concern, with institutions grappling with funding constraints, tuition fees, and students' economic realities. Quality assurance and accreditation processes pose inherent challenges, necessitating a robust framework to uphold educational standards and credibility. Furthermore, issues related to governance, regulatory frameworks, and equity in access underscore the complex landscape within which PrHE operates. Despite these challenges, the prospects for PrHE in Pakistan present opportunities for innovation, collaboration, and positive contributions to national development. The sector has demonstrated adaptability, responding to evolving demands by introducing diverse programmes and modes of delivery. The potential for public-private partnerships, industry linkages, and global collaborations offers avenues for enhancing educational quality and relevance. Moreover, the role of PrHEIs in fostering entrepreneurship and addressing specialised educational needs is critical for addressing the evolving demands of the job market. This research underscores the need for a strategic and collaborative approach to address the challenges while capitalising on the prospects within PrHE in Pakistan. By identifying key areas of improvement and fostering a conducive environment for growth and innovation, policymakers, educators, and stakeholders can contribute to the continued development and sustainability of PrHEIs in the country. Keywords: Growth, Challenges, Prospects, Private Higher Education, Pakistan

University–industry linkages in China from the agency perspective of university engagement: a systematic literature review

Abstract China’s specific developmental context defines the need to understand its state logic of knowledge transfer, particularly from the agency perspective of universities. This paper proposes the new term ‘university engagement with industry’ (UEI) to highlight the active role of universities in university–industry linkages. A structural method is adopted to collect relevant literature and to provide a systematic and critical review of China’s UEI. This paper makes four key contributions: (1) it illustrates a structural approach to collect literature via precise and transparent identification for a targeted topic from an interdisciplinary research field; (2) it systematically presents the China-specific external institutional environment and internal governance of universities for knowledge transfer and captures influential factors for university’s embeddedness in multiscalar innovation systems; (3) it identifies China-specific UEI in comparison to Western findings; and (4) it suggests a research agenda on China’s UEI for future studies.

University- Creative Industry Linkages in Art and Design Higher Education: Insights From Indonesia and Taiwan

This article presents a study of the university-industry linkages in art and design higher education, focusing on the collaborative efforts between universities and the creative sector in Indonesia and Taiwan. Using a qualitative approach, in-depth interviews and literature reviews were conducted. An automated content analysis of seven semi-structured interviews with lecturers, designers, and the government stressed the importance of university and industry linkages. This study found that despite the prevalent practice of industrial cooperation with universities in the Indonesian higher education system, challenges persist in effectively connecting graduates with employment opportunities in the creative industry sectors. In response, the Indonesian government and universities have implemented policies to support collaboration programs to address these challenges. Conversely, Taiwan has recognized the potential of its creative industry assets to create a promising market and has placed significant value on the benefits derived from industry-university collaboration. Consequently, Taiwan has proactively developed its creative industries, receiving substantial encouragement and support from the local government.

Drivers of carbon intensity decline during the new economic normal: A multilevel decomposition of the Guangdong case

The New Economic Normal is a revolutionary change in China's economic development model, and it is of great significance to understand the characteristics and drivers of carbon intensity (CI) under the New Economic Normal at multiple levels for formulating carbon mitigation plans. By coupling subsystem analysis and structural decomposition analysis, this study examines the characteristics and drivers of Guangdong's CI from 2007 to 2017 from multiple demand-side perspectives. It reveals in detail the impact of economic structural changes on CI during the New Economic Normal, especially demand transformations. Moreover, it outlines a methodology for providing further insights into the mechanisms of drivers in reducing CI from an industrial linkage perspective. The results show that 1) Interprovincial trade has replaced investment as the demand type with the highest CI during the New Norm. 2) Production restructuring has replaced energy efficiency improvement as the largest driver of CI decline. In contrast, changes in consumption patterns and demand conversion within the economic inner-cycle strategy impeded CI decline. 3) Production or demand restructuring has differential impacts on CI of different sectors or demand types, with offsetting effects even sometimes leading to insignificant overall impacts. 4) In industrial linkage, restructuring promoted CI associated with internal linkages and suppressed CI associated with cross-sectoral linkages, further altering the linkage characteristics of CI. The findings and research methodology will provide theoretical support for the formulation of carbon mitigation strategies in Guangdong and other regions.

Development and innovations in technology and vocational education in Nigeria

The development and innovations in technology and vocational education could be a veritable instrument for national economic development in Nigeria. The growing awareness of the need to adapt technology and vocational education to meet the rapid global economic requirement is absolutely essential. Thus, technology and vocational education is a mechanism that could help for improving the quality of workforce by humanizing their mobility, adaptability and productivity. Technology and vocational education indirectly could contribute to the enhancement of firms' competitiveness in the globalized world. This is so because one of the most important features of technology and vocational education is its orientation towards the world of work and the emphasis of its curriculum on the acquisition of employable skills. It is important that government should focus on acquisition of employable skills for the youths so as to divert their attention from these social vices that have bedevil the nation. Thus, it is absolutely essential to examine the development and innovation achievable in technology and vocational education in Nigeria. It is concluded amongst others, that Nigeria government should look inward and recognize the fact that technology and vocational education as the bedrock for meaningful technological growth and national development. It is recommended that the government, stakeholders, policy makers in Nigeria should focus on technology and vocational education, quality assurance and best practices that have worked in advanced countries around the world. Also the government should adequately fund, plan, implement, and manage technology and vocational education programmes in technical institutions in Nigeria. Finally there should be a synergy between the school industry linkages and where students are trained must be a replica of the environment in which the students must subsequently work.

Cultural proximity and interregional industrial linkages: knowledge diffusion or transaction costs?

ABSTRACT This paper explores the impact of cultural proximity on interregional industrial linkages using evidence from China. The results show that cultural distance hinders horizontal industrial linkages between regions, but does not limit the formation of vertical industrial linkages. Cultural proximity affects interregional industrial cooperation strategies primarily through knowledge diffusion rather than transaction costs. Cultural proximity favours the formation of transregional social networks and the cognition of localised tacit knowledge. Consequently, regions that are culturally similar to one another have a comparative information advantage in forming horizontal industrial linkages.

Unpacking the Role of Higher Education Institutions in Accelerating Women’s Progressive Education in Kenya

Due to unprecedented global challenges, labour market dynamics, and uncertainties, higher education institutions have no options but to adopt new approaches to enhance adaptability. In Kenya, despite many efforts made to accelerate women's empowerment, only 29 percent of women between the ages of 15 and 49 are empowered. The universities have a unique capacity and potential to develop skills, foster knowledge, and mobilize educational resources. Hence, accelerating an inclusive socio-economic recovery starts with a solid foundation of human capital which entails: health, education, skills, jobs, and growth to boost progressive education. The significance of the study is to: expand access to progressive quality education for girls and women; inform policies; enhance capacity to upscale women’s holistic learning and most importantly promote resilience and innovativeness among higher education institutions to emerge stronger. The main objective of the study was to analyse the role of higher education institutions in accelerating women’s progressive education in Kenya. The study was anchored on John Dewey's theory and women's empowerment framework, which cuts across and support both dependent and independent variable. The study adopted a mixed-method research design and, a pragmatic and constructive research philosophy. The researcher adopted a triangulation approach in sampling techniques where stratified, purposive, and random sampling techniques were applied. The study sample size comprised 129 - degree students and 26 lecturers. Questionnaires were adopted as the data collection tool. Based on the regression results, the study findings reveal that the R-squared is 0.62, the Adjusted R-squared is 0.61, the F-statistic of 31.94, and a p-value of 0.0000. This implies that the model explains 61% of changes in women’s progressive education. The study concludes that the public-private nexus, blended learning, digitalization, and student retention explain a 61% percent change in women’s progressive education. The study recommends: First, strengthening of public-private nexus through institutional industry linkages, upscaling support through adequate funding of women’s education, and considering Students as Partners in their learning. Second, embracing a blended learning approach to reduce the dropout rate of female students and upscale women empowerment through the integration of ICT skills training. Third, institutions should commit adequate resources to promote effective digitalization and improvement in ICT infrastructure that facilitates learning and is user-friendly to lecturers, learners, and administrators. Lastly, promoting students’ retention through mentorship, semester check-ins, workshops, and effective lecturers, to enhance student enrollment and acceleration which increases completion rate and school-to-work transition, and embracing transformative and sustainable leadership.

University–industry linkages and agendas for future studies: a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis

PurposeThis study aims to theoretically and experimentally investigate the literature on university–industry linkages (UILs) through a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis. Seven research questions were addressed in the present study: (1) descriptive characteristics of the literature on UIL, (2) trends of annual scientific publications on UIL, (3) the most relevant and high-impact sources on UIL, (4) the most globally cited articles on UIL, (5) the most relevant countries on UIL, (6) outcomes of Bradford's Law of Scattering and Lotka's Law of scientific productivity and (7) the trending research areas and avenues for future studies on UIL.Design/methodology/approach Systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis mapping techniques were applied to the present study to analyze 907 articles extracted from the Scopus database. Analysis tools used were Biblioshiny software and VOSviewer software.Findings Findings show that the UIL is a progressively growing discipline with a record of a 5.71% average annual growth rate in scientific production each year from 1970 to 2023. The United States, China and the United Kingdom were the most productive countries in the field of UIL in terms of total scientific production and citations. Academic entrepreneurship, industrial ecology, social network analysis, active learning, engineering education, health economics, public health, university–industry relationships, communication, causal layered analysis and competitiveness are the potential avenues for future researchers in the field of UIL based on the thematic map of keywords analysis.Originality/value This study contributes to the debate on UIL by offering a comprehensive literature review. The findings of the current study will benefit graduates, universities, industries and the community at large.

AHP를 활용한 경기 북부 로컬 창업 활성화 방안 연구

The purpose of this study was to determine the priorities of experts, local entrepreneurs, and support organizations to revitalize local entrepreneurship and set policy directions. The study was conducted in northern Gyeonggi-do, which has a lower Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) than southern Gyeonggi-do, and a higher proportion of small businesses and self-employed entrepreneurs than ICT and manufacturing industries. Previous studies and surveys have shown that northern Gyeonggi-do lacks infrastructure to support entrepreneurship, and the revitalization of local entrepreneurship is helpful in terms of revitalizing the local economy and linking with ICT and manufacturing industries. In this study, in order to structurally analyze the factors for revitalizing local entrepreneurship, sub-factors were subdivided into local cluster perspectives of economic activity localization, industry linkages, and establishment of support systems, and AHP analysis was conducted by experts. The results showed that social factors, physical factors, and institutional factors are the most important factors for local entrepreneurship in the northern part of Gyeonggi-do. In particular, it is necessary to discover specialized brands through local councils and to activate consumption through policy.

The Cold-store Industry of Jammu and Kashmir: Beginning, Growth and Linkages

One of the most dynamic and sustainable channels of attaining steadfast development is through the process of industrialisation. Nations across the world have shown positive returns accruing to the whole economy by setting in place a well-thought-of, well-planned industrialisation. Drawing instance and inspiration from the same, the hitherto colonialised nations have endeavoured upon the same process. India on the same lines has sought to go for planned industrialisation. Being central to its developmental goals, the unions of India have also had a decentralised focus on industrialising. On the same lines, the region of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) has been attempting to industrialise as well. One of the latest developments in this channel is the growth of the horticulture industry, creating a number of forward linkages. The development of an indigenous cold-store industry is one of the most significant ones. This study by collecting data from the field brings forth the nature, characteristics, prospectus and linkages of the cold-store industry of J&K. The study concludes by giving some policy recommendations to strengthen the industrialisation process of J&K.

Quality of communications infrastructure, local structural transformation, and inequality

Abstract We estimate the causal impact of communication infrastructure quality on growth and structural transformation. We use variation across US counties’ Internet speeds in 2018 and build an instrument using ARPANET, a military network that preceded the modern Internet, with its location documented in historical government reports. We find that doubling Internet speeds increases the 4-year employment growth by 3.3–6.1 percentage points. Faster Internet shifts economic activity toward high-skilled services and away from non-tradeable services while increasing inequality. Industry linkages, capital-skill complementarity, and information and communication technology workers’ sorting rationalize our results. Medium and small cities and rural areas drive our results.

Examining the relationship between meteorological disaster economic impact and regional economic development in China

Economic impact of disaster is closely related to regional economic development, and the relationship between the two has been summarized as Kuznets or inverted-U curve. In this curve, direct and indirect economic loss (DEL, IEL) are the two key indicators to quantify the economic impact of disasters. However, due to the lack of input-output analysis, existing studies often ignore the importance of IEL. Therefore, based on the regional DEL of meteorological disasters in China from 2003 to 2019, this study quantitatively assesses the IEL due to the ripple effects of inter-regional industrial linkages by constructing the multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model. Study found that: (1) Economic impact of disasters is more severe in less developed inland areas and half as severe in more developed coastal areas. (2) Agriculture in less developed inland areas is more vulnerable and its DEL is higher than IEL, i.e., agricultural IEL in northwest is 41.6 % of DEL; while the secondary industry in more developed coastal areas has a more severe IEL. (3) Economic impact of disasters and economic development in China conform to the inverted-U curve, and has exceeded the peak of the curve and began to decline, economic impact has decreased by 77.8 % during study period with economic level increased by 6.6 times. In conclusion, China's economic development is conducive to reducing disaster economic impact, but regional differences need to be made clear in the formulation of policies, reducing the indirect impact should be more of a regional disaster reduction priority in more developed areas.

Industrial Linkages and Digital Synergy: The Input-Output Analysis of Chinese Cultural Industries

This article probes the industrial linkages and corresponding structures of Chinese cultural industries from the perspective of demand and supply by combining input-output analysis with social network analysis. It finds that the significant economic contribution of Chinese cultural industries lies in creating productive demand for other sectors. Benefitting from industrial standardization, cultural manufacturing industries possess intensive demand and supply linkages and directly participate in national economic activities. The demand and supply linkages of cultural-content industries present internal complexity and are generally deficient in reflexivity. Digital cultural industries, spanning structural holes, show synergistic structures in the demand and supply linkages. These findings offset the paucity of industrial linkage analysis in extant research on cultural industries while unveiling the linkage structures of cultural industries, providing evidence for policymakers and practitioners to effectively guide the development of cultural industries.

Role and Effectiveness of the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark in Acceleration Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals Pillars of Economic Development

Geoparks are developed areas for sustainable development, both from social, economic, and environmental aspects. The Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark, Sukabumi Regency, West Java Province, which has been recognized as a UNESCO Global Geopark, is believed to be able to contribute to building the local community's economy with the geotourism activities it offers. It is hoped that improving the local economy will help improve the quality and welfare of people's lives. It will accelerate the achievement of SDGs targets in the pillars of economic development, especially SDGs 8. This research aims to analyze the role and effectiveness of the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark as an agent for accelerating the achievement of SDG 8. The method used is a combined method, statistical descriptive and qualitative with structured interviews with business actors and tourism community members. The research results show that three indicators have been achieved: increasing the number of tourists, workers, and industrial linkages, but sub-indicators in industrial linkages, namely restaurants and travel services, have yet to be maximized. In general, the Geopark has been proven to function as a means of contributing to the achievement of SDG 8. Still, it requires particular strategies to increase growth in economic sub-indicators to achieve the SDG 8.