Industry In South Korea Research Articles

Comparative Study in Software and Healthcare Industries between South Korea and US Based on Economic Input–Output Analysis

In the modern era, software technology is being used not only as a core technology for manufacturing but also in various industries, such as telemedicine services, and the importance of the healthcare industry is being emphasized due to the demand for improved quality of life from the increase in the general level of earnings. However, if the industry emits a lot of carbon dioxide (CO2), it is questionable whether it is a sustainable industry. This study aimed to analyze the economic linkage effect of software and healthcare industries in South Korea and the United States by applying input–output analysis and examine whether these industries are sustainable in terms of CO2 emissions. The input–output tables and CO2 emissions from 2005 to 2015 were used for analysis from OECD. As a result of the analysis, CO2 emissions from the software and healthcare industries were less than 1% in both South Korea and the United States, suggesting that these industries are well-suited for low-carbon development in these countries. The forward and backward linkage effects of the software industry are different between South Korea and the United States. Specifically, the backward linkage effect of the software industry is large in South Korea, and the forward linkage effect is large in the United States. The forward linkage effect of the healthcare industry is different in the two countries, but the backward linkage effect is not. It means that there are differences in the industrial structure of the two countries. The software and healthcare industries need to devise strategies to drive production in other industries while maintaining current low carbon emission levels.

Reduction of NOx Emission from the Cement Industry in South Korea: A Review

As climates change around the world, concern regarding environmental pollutants emitted into the atmosphere is increasing. The cement industry consistently produces more than 4000 million metric tons of cement per year. However, the problem of air pollutants being emitted from the calcination process is becoming more critical because their amount increases proportionally with cement production. Each country has established regulatory standards for pollutant emission. Accordingly, the cement industry is equipped with facilities to reduce air pollutants, one of which is the NOx removal process. NOx reduction processes under combustion conditions are modified to minimize NOx generation, and the generated NOx is removed through post-treatment. In terms of NOx removal efficiency, the post-treatment process effectively changes the combustion conditions during calcination. Selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) processes are post-treatment environmental facilities for NOx reduction. Accordingly, considering the stringent NOx emission standards in the cement industry, SNCR is essential, and SCR is selectively applied. Therefore, this paper introduces nitrogen oxide among air pollutants emitted from the South Korean cement industry and summarizes the technologies adapted to mitigate the emission of NOx by cement companies in South Korea.

Exploring South Korea’s Ocean Economy : the Korea National Ocean Economy Survey 2017-2019

As the economic contribution of the ocean and fisheries industry increases, it is essential to identify industrial characteristics and propose specialized strategies based on data. However, there has been a lack of research on the establishment of an industrial classification system that reflects the characteristics of the ocean and fisheries industry in South Korea. Therefore, this study aims to introduce the specialized classification system of the ocean and fisheries industry and, further intends to analyze industry trends using the survey data based on the classification system. For the past three years (2017-2019) 9,000 businesses were surveyed annually to estimate industry revenues, number of businesses and workers, annual labor costs, and business outlook. As a result, this study proposed the need for government support for the shipbuilding and offshore plant construction & repair industry which has great economic ripple effects, and the need to strengthen the labor supply chain of the fishery industries that are easily affected by external shocks.

Impact of inland waters on highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in neighboring poultry farms in South Korea.

BackgroundSince 2003, the H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype has caused massive economic losses in the poultry industry in South Korea. The role of inland water bodies in avian influenza (AI) outbreaks has not been investigated. Identifying water bodies that facilitate risk pathways leading to the incursion of the HPAI virus (HPAIV) into poultry farms is essential for implementing specific precautionary measures to prevent viral transmission.ObjectivesThis matched case-control study (1:4) examined whether inland waters were associated with a higher risk of AI outbreaks in the neighboring poultry farms.MethodsRivers, irrigation canals, lakes, and ponds were considered inland water bodies. The cases and controls were chosen based on the matching criteria. The nearest possible farms located within a radius of 3 km of the case farms were chosen as the control farms. The poultry farms were selected randomly, and two HPAI epidemics (H5N8 [2014–2016] and H5N6 [2016–2017]) were studied. Conditional logistic regression analysis was applied.ResultsStatistical analysis revealed that inland waters near poultry farms were significant risk factors for AI outbreaks. The study speculated that freely wandering wild waterfowl and small animals contaminate areas surrounding poultry farms.ConclusionsPet birds and animals raised alongside poultry birds on farm premises may wander easily to nearby waters, potentially increasing the risk of AI infection in poultry farms. Mechanical transmission of the AI virus occurs when poultry farm workers or visitors come into contact with infected water bodies or their surroundings. To prevent AI outbreaks in the future, poultry farms should adopt strict precautions to avoid contact with nearby water bodies and their surroundings.

Redesigning and Implementing the Public Game Information and Rating System in South Korea

Rating reviews in the game industry aim to enhance the protection of young users, promote game ethics, and prevent negative use of it as a gambling but recent studies and public opinions have reported that the current rating system in South Korea is excessively regulative. To address this issue, this study was conducted to redesign the public game rating system on the Game Ratings and Administration Committee (GRAC) for the public data usage based on the comparison with other better structured media rating systems. The redesigned system utilized a parsing technique to easily access specific data or items, and a Jsoup library was utilized in the Java environment. The system consists of a URL collection module, connection module, detailed collection module, and storage module. If a user requests information from a game rating database through the proposed system, the requested information is arranged sequentially and provided to the user in XML and JSON forms. The designed and implemented collection data were comparatively inclusive and structural to satisfy the public for the better and easier public data usage. This study is expected to help build an environment where game users can obtain information both easily and correctly, and it will eventually lead to a better understanding of the current game industry in South Korea and its clear way to go.

The Economic Impact of the Logistics Industry in South Korea: Based on an Input-Output Approach

Abstract Using input-output analysis, this study investigates the economic impact of the logistics industry and its four sub-sectors: land freight, water freight, air freight and logistics facilities. The inter-industry linkage model shows that land freight and logistics facilities have large pull effects on the economy. Estimates from the production-inducing model indicate that investments in the logistics industry have considerable effects on both upstream and downstream industries. The employment-inducing model suggests that although employment-inducing effects have fallen over time, total induced employment has risen, particularly for permanent jobs. Lastly, estimates from the supply-shortage model indicate large effects for land freight which highlights the need for greater diversity in transportation modes. The findings and their implications may be useful to formulate effective policies in Korea.

What Makes Employees Behave Innovatively? Empirical Evidence from South Korea

Although the value of a supportive organizational strategy has been recognized over time, there is a need to better understand its relationship with employees’ psychological and behavioral responses. This study focuses on employees’ innovative behavior as a result of their perceptions of internal market orientation in the organization. It proposes a sequential process model that examines the impact of internal market orientation on employees’ innovative behavior through the ethical climate, psychological ownership, and employee stewardship toward the organization. Using data collected from 310 employees of small and medium-sized enterprises in various industries in South Korea, a linear sequential relationship among the constructs is confirmed. The findings of this empirical study, therefore, suggest that the ethical climate, psychological ownership, and stewardship mediate the effects of internal market orientation on employees’ innovative behavior. The research thus offers a conceptual framework that shows the sequential process of the effect of internal market orientation on innovative behavior. Further, it shows that the perception of an ethical climate can be influenced by management and can develop an employee’s psychological ownership. Implications for managers and directions for future research are also discussed.

글로벌 금융위기 전·후 외식기업의 자본구조 결정요인에 관한 연구

This study examined what factors affect the capital structure and how the global financial crisis affects the relationship between the factors and capital structure for the food service industry in South Korea. Sample firms are composed of 39 firms belonging to the food service industry among those listed on the KOSPI and KOSDAQ markets of the Korea Exchange. The sample period is 20 years from 2000 to 2019 and sample is composed of 701 firm-year observations. We employed the panel regression model, where the dependent variables are the debt ratios measured by total debt ratio (total debt to equity), current debt ratio (current debt to equity), and non-current debt ratio (non-current debt to equity). And independent variables of the model are firm characteristics variables such as firm size, asset intensity, growth, non-debt tax shield, liquidity, operating profit on total assets, stock return, risk, and firm age. We found that firm size, growth, asset intensity, liquidity, operating profit on total assets, and firm age had a significant impact on total debt ratio in the analysis for entire sample period. We also showed that firm size, asset intensity, operating profit on total assets, and firm age impacted on non-current debt ratio. In the analysis of the sub-periods before and after the financial crisis, we showed that the financial crisis affects the relationship between the firm characteristic variables and capital structure of out-food firms. The results of the study are expected to be useful information for managers and investors of the food service firms, and government officials in charge of policies for the industry in South Korea.

Development of Golf Industry in China and Evolution of Policies and Regulations

Purpose – Golf industry, as a high-tax industry, has gradually become an important economic source for local governments, and at the same time, it can promote the development of surrounding industries and the appreciation of real estate. Form a variety of golf club-centered resorts and make outstanding contributions to local tourism. Driven by high profits, China’s modern golf started late, but it developed rapidly. Although the rapidly developing golf industry brought a lot of tax revenue and promoted the surrounding industries, in the process of rapid development, it was inevitable that there were problems such as fighting for farmland and destroying the environment, which not only hindered the development of golf, but also caused people’s dissatisfaction due to illegal land occupation. Establish the future development direction through the research of existing problems. Design/Methodology/Approach – By combing China’s policies and regulations, this paper can intuitively show the Chinese government’s most direct attitude towards the golf industry in various periods, and can also reflect the development situation of golf in China from the side. Compared with the western countries, Japan and South Korea, the development of China’s golf industry is still relatively backward. By comparing the literature of the golf industry in Korea and China, this paper also draws on the problems in the development process of the golf industry in South Korea, draws lessons from it, sums up the problems existing in China’s golf industry at present, and thus better establishes the future development direction. Make China’s golf industry develop in the right direction. Findings – As long as China reasonably controls the development of the golf industry and adopts the policy of parallel dredging and blocking, golf will develop healthily in China and bring a lot of benefits to China to achieve a win-win situation. Research Implications – Golf industry can not only bring revenue to China, but also reduce environmental damage and find a reasonable development direction.

Comparing and Identifying Influential Factors of Technological Innovation Efficiency in Manufacturing and Service Industries Using DEA: A Study of SMEs in South Korea

Although technological innovation is critical for growth and future survival, small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) are at a disadvantage compared to larger organizations given the resources available. It is important to examine the possible methods for making research and development more efficient. This study analyzes the technological innovation efficiency of SMEs in the manufacturing and service industries in South Korea and determines the factors affecting efficiency. The models of data envelopment analysis and Tobit regression analysis were used. According to the analysis results, the technical and pure technical efficiencies were higher in the service industry than in the manufacturing industry. The factors affecting efficiency were also different between the two industries. This study is significant because it evaluates the innovation activity efficiency of small and medium manufacturing and service companies in South Korea and provides specific criteria and a rationale to improve the efficiency.

Effect of corporate social responsibility perception on job satisfaction

This study empirically examined the effect of the perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities on job satisfaction, as mediated by compassion and positive emotions toward work. Data were collected from 232 employees working in manufacturing, financial, telecommunications, transportation, and service industries in South Korea. The results confirm that (a) there were positive relationships between the perception of CSR activities and compassion, and between compassion and job satisfaction; (b) there were positive relationships between positive emotions toward work and job satisfaction, and between the perception of CSR activities and job satisfaction; and (c) there was a serial multiple mediation effect of compassion and positive emotions toward work on the pathway from the perception of CSR activities to job satisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Classifying apartment defect repair tasks in South Korea: a machine learning approach

ABSTRACT Managing building defects in the residential environment is an important social issue in South Korea. Therefore, most South Korean construction companies devote a large amount of human resources and economic costs in managing such defects. This paper proposes a machine learning approach for investigating whether a specific defect can be autonomously categorized into one of the categories of repair tasks. To this end, we employed a dataset of 310,044 defect cases (from 656,266 validated cases of 717,550 total collected cases). Three machine learning classifiers (support vector machine, random forest, and logistic regression) with three word embedding methods (bag-of-words, term frequency-inverse document frequency, and Word2Vec) were employed for the classification tasks. The highest yielded results showed more than 99% accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-scores for the random forest classifier with the Word2Vec embedding. Finally, based on these findings, the implications and limitations of this study are discussed. Representatively, the findings of this research can improve the defect management effectiveness of the apartment construction industry in South Korea. Moreover, to contribute to future research, we have made the dataset publicly available.

Promissory shock, broken future: COVID-19 and state-led speculations in biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries in South Korea

This research examines institutional responses to shocking events, in this case, the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. I argue that our analysis should consider state-led nationalism in finance and financialization especially when new modes of financial accumulation can be correlated with state projects of crisis management. Also, in dealing with shocking events, which are an inevitable aspect of capitalism, I claim nationalistic deregulations and speculation stimulated by institutional discourse can put ordinary people into permanently unpayable debt and reshape social exclusion. Drawing from interpretative policy analysis, I examine how early COVID-19 management by the Korean government took advantage of sloganeering of upper-K words, initiated by the Korean Wave, as discursive tools in invoking nationalistic sentiments. The instutional nationalism in the upper-case K as prefix is examined in promoting Korean biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies and their stocks. Further, I demonstrate how the accumulation strategies of this nationalistic COVID-19 management regarding bio and pharma industries were already practiced before COVID-19 in Korea, by the regulatory sandbox policy along with the Korean legitimation crisis. This set of practices has eventually accelerated the financialization of everyday life and Othering. I call for a critical lens to analyze the pressing agenda of discursive practices in institutional crisis responses.

Digital Transformation and Disruptive Management

The digital transformation disruptive on music industry in South Korea expresses objectives are to study risk and disruptive technology on an impact in the music businesses; also, how Korean music industry manages during in the digital era. Besides, using risk theory, demand and supply theory, including disruptive information to support. Methods are used mostly via qualitative data. The result finds from risk that has affected both consumers and producers. Companies and labels in music industry may lose incomes and powers to control the market. Consumers may pay much costs to consume products. On the other hands, consumers have varieties of channels to access in music. Moreover, South Korea adopts and creates the developed technological products to survive in digital age. Technology and digital transformation in music industry have both advantages and disadvantages to the role of people who play in this field. To cope with the changes, industry needs to develop and adapt itself on surviving and handling the competition from more competitors and technology. They should find an approach to adapt, continue and develop an efficiency in the manufacturing sector such as seeking strategies to grasp market, generate another source of revenues by viewing both competitors and partners. Opening minds to challenges for deploying, launching, digitizing, and modernizing the new digital capabilities deeply on how distribution network be integrated into the music industry transformation process to interact with the customers. Because the digital transformation has appeared as a key press in society rather than an option from now on. Keywords: Digital, Disruptive, Music, South Korea, Transformation

Vernacular Technical Practices Beyond the Imitative/Innovative Boundary: Apple II Cloning in Early-1980s South Korea

This article seeks to reinstate the significance of microcomputer cloning in the history of computing, seeing it as a vernacular technical practice that is outside of the institutional domain yet entangled with it. While exploring the practices of Apple II cloning at the Cheonggyecheon electronics market, and its contribution to promoting the computer industry in South Korea during the early 1980s, the study examines how the vernacular technical practices of cloning moved beyond the imitative/innovative boundary. It has two parts. First, the cloning of Apple II computers is traced with a focus on cottage industry technicians at the electronics market and their East Asian translocal connections. Second, the entanglements of the vernacular with the institutional are analyzed in relation to how clones were sometimes superior to the original while retaining compatibility with it, which in turn made large firms rely on such vernacular practices. Arguing that the boundaries of copy/original, imitative/innovative, or vernacular/institutional were permeable, this study concludes that vernacular technical practices of cloning, although outside formal institutions and official histories, constitute a critical part of the computer industry and the history of computing.

Comparative Analysis of Predictive Models for Fine Particulate Matter in Daejeon, South Korea

Air pollution is a critical problem that is of major concern worldwide. South Korea is one of the countries most affected by air pollution. Rapid urbanization and industrialization in South Korea have induced air pollution in multiple forms, such as smoke from factories and exhaust from vehicles. In this paper, we perform a comparative analysis of predictive models for fine particulate matter in Daejeon, the fifth largest city in South Korea. This study is conducted for three purposes. The first purpose is to determine the factors that may cause air pollution. Two main factors are considered: meteorological and traffic. The second purpose is to find an optimal predictive model for air pollutant concentration. We apply machine learning and deep learning models to the collected dataset to predict hourly air pollutant concentrations. The accuracy of the deep learning models is better than that of the machine learning models. The third purpose is to analyze the influence of road conditions on predicting air pollutant concentration. Experimental results demonstrate that considering wind direction and wind speed could significantly decrease the error rate of the predictive models.

A Study on the Reinforcement of Supply Chains Corresponding to Global Value Chain Reforms in the Automobile Parts and Component Industry

Global value changes continued to expand until the late 2000s. On the other hand, regional value chains have formed around major regional hubs due to the expansion of domestic demand in emerging economies, such as China, and strengthened trade protectionism since the global financial crisis. Such changes lead to the reorganisation of value chains, focusing on domestic markets (reshoring) or neighbouring countries (nearshoring). In particular, the importance of supply chain risk management has been highlighted following disruptions to the supply network due to the COVID-19 outbreak in December 2019. In this regard, major countries such as the USA and the EU are rapidly shifting to regional value chains for stable and sustainable production, rather than primarily aiming for production efficiency targeted at reducing costs. Industries in particular are more exposed to such supply chain risks under the existing structure and it now has become extremely important for businesses to take reaction to such risks. This is especially important for major industries in a country such as automobile or semiconductor manufacturing industries in South Korea. The aim of this study, therefore, is to establish the basis for the simultaneous growth of ports and linked industries by examining the existing structure of the global value chain for the automotive industry, which has a strong presence in South Korea’s domestic economy. In this regard, this research carries out a supply chain analysis focusing on the imports and exports of automotive parts. It also analyses the current structural risks and suggests risk management measures to secure a stable supply chain.

Developing Sustainable Competitive Strategies in the Beauty Service Industry: A SWOT-AHP Approach

The purpose of this study is to provide concrete growth strategies and practical development methods in the beauty service industry. This study consists of a SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat) analysis from the literature review and in-depth interviews with experts of the beauty service industry in South Korea. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to the finalized SWOT matrix to incorporate experts’ ideas. The combined high priority factors present four types of strategic alternatives: Strength–Opportunity (SO), Strength–Threat (ST), Weakness–Opportunity (WO), and Weakness–Threat (WT). This study applies an environmental analysis framework from the management strategy field to construct a sophisticated SWOT matrix. Furthermore, this study quantifies the importance of SWOT components through AHP to determine priorities to lay the groundwork for timely and sustainable strategy development in the beauty service industry. Based on the SWOT-AHP analysis, this study suggests that beauty service companies should pay attention to the lack of profitability and employee stress with high turnover rates caused by poor working conditions and emotional labor. In addition, the Korean government should gradually shift away from the lack of an effective legal system to grow the beauty industry.

Historical Uses and Breeding Technologies of Protaetia brevitarsis surensis (Larvae for Food) for the Edible Insect Industry in South Korea

We aim to review Protaetia brevitarsis surensis (PBS) with a specific focus on its historical uses and characteristics, making it one of the most viable food sources or medicinal materials. Ordinary PBS and food insects are characterized by low-emission, especially greenhouse gas, insect farming technologies in Republic of Korea. In addition, PBS is considered essentially acceptable for alternative insect food for human and effective environmental conservation in the near future.
 Generally, PBS larvae have long been studied the most widely as edible and medicinal insects in Korea compared to the other countries. Almost one thousands farmers are breeding the PBS and the productivity range are very variable from 0.3 to 5.0 tons/person·per year.

Improvement Plan for Problems of Franchise Industry in South Korea

Abstract In this paper, the various problems of the franchise industry in South Korea are discussed and analyzed, and solutions to these based on the research results are presented and discussed. In this study, hypotheses were formulated for creating a model. Conflict, management, fairness, and performance were designated as variables, and how these variables affect one another was investigated. A research was conducted to verify the research model, reliability analysis was conducted through the Cronbach’s coefficient, and the study hypotheses were verified using factor and regression analyses. The conflicts between and the achievements of franchisors and franchisees were examined, along with the relationships among conflict, management, fairness, and performance. Management was subdivided into the overall management by the franchisor and the franchisee’s self-management and autonomy while fairness was subdivided into distribution, procedure, and interaction fairness between the franchisor and franchisee.