NOTE: This article is based upon the Australian and New Zealand sections of a paper prepared for the 1961 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, St. Louis, Missouri. For helpful advice and suggestions, the author wishes to express appreciation to J. L. Roberts, Victoria University of Wellington; W. A. Townsley and Myron L. Tripp, University of Tasmania; R. S. Parker and D. W. Rawson, Australian National University; R. M. Martin, University of Sydney; and Bruce Brown, New Zealand Mission to the United Nations, New York. 'Cf. Wilbert E. Moore and Arnold S. Feldman (eds.), Labor Commitment and Social Change in Developing Areas (New York: Social Science Research Council, 1960), p. 8. Stanley Rothman states that trade unions are a product of industrial society in Systematic Political Theory, APSR, 54 (March 1960), 20. Many studies on European trade unions are mentioned in Henry W. Ehrmann (ed.), Interest Groups on Four Continents (Pittsburgh: U. of Pittsburgh Press, 1958), passim; and in Val R. Lorwin, Recent Research on Western European Labor Movements, Proceedings, Industrial Relations Research Association, 7th Annual Meeting (1954), pp. 1-12. Also see Walter Galenson, Trade Union Democracy in Western Europe (Berkeley: U. of California Press, 1961).