Industrial Production In Russia Research Articles

Digitalization of Russian industry: the state and prospects of development in the conditions of sanctions and restrictions

The article presents an assessment of the main statistical indicators related to the efficiency of industrial production growth in various regions of Russia over the past few years. The inclusion of digital achievements in the context of the negative consequences of the recent pandemic and sanctions on the production of industrial enterprises is also considered. The research is devoted to the application of digital technologies in industrial production in Russia in several regions under current circumstances and the potential of their future development. The introduction contains an overview of the scientific literature of economists and researchers dealing with industrial production and digitalization. This section also outlines the goals and objectives of the study. The purpose of the study is to study the current state of industrial production growth in Russian regions, depending on the development of the regional economy under sanctions. The assessment of industrial growth indicators of the main economic indicators of industrial enterprises is carried out. There was also a study of methods and researchers who contributed to the consideration of this issue both at the national and international level. The article considered indicators illustrating the growth of Russian industrial production and its regional variations, as well as evaluating the use of digital technologies in industrial production. At the conclusion of the article, based on the scientific work carried out and a review of the literature of researchers who studied this issue, the result was summed up. The essence of this conclusion suggests that the reorganization of industrial production at the level of regional management should continue in the foreseeable future. Additionally, a long-term forecast for the development of industrial production has been compiled.

Проблемы и направления совершенствования цифровизации промышленного производства

Introduction. Digitalization of the industrial sector in Russia is a priority task aimed at modernizing and optimizing production processes, improving the quality and competitiveness of products, as well as strengthening the country’s position in the world market, which makes it relevant to analyze the problems of introducing digital technologies into industrial production. Theoretical analysis. The main internal and external aspects of the industrial production digitalization that may affect its success are presented, a SWOT analysis is carried out and the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats associated with the digitalization of industrial production in Russia are analyzed. Empirical analysis. The digitalization of industrial production in Russia is under the influence of the following problems: lack of digital infrastructure, lack of qualified personnel, high implementation costs, cybersecurity problems, unprepared legislation. Results. The directions for improving the digitalization of industrial production are determined. In general, the results of improving the industrial production digitalization are associated with improving the efficiency, flexibility, quality and competitiveness of the organization, as well as creating new opportunities for growth and development.

Regional industrial development in the Russian Federation under sanctions and restrictions

The article presents an assessment of the main statistical indicators on the effectiveness of the industrial production process development in the Russian regions in recent years. The development of Russian industrial production in the regions in modern conditions and the prospects for its development are studied. The introduction provides an overview of the scientific literature of research economists studying the problem of industrial production, and formulates the goals and objectives of the study. In the work, the author characterizes the state of development of industrial production in the Russian regions, depending on the regional development of the economy under sanctions. An assessment of the indicators of industrial development, the main economic indicators of the activity of industrial enterprises was carried out, an analysis of the methods of both Russian and foreign scientists who took part in the study of this problem was made. The study focuses on indicators characterizing the development of industrial production in Russia and its regions. At the end of the article, it was concluded that in the future it is necessary to continue the transformation of the industrial production of the regional administration, and a forecast for the long-term development of industrial production in Russia was made.

АНТИКРИЗИСНОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫМ ПРОИЗВОДСТВОМ В УСЛОВИЯХ САНКЦИЙ

This article examines the factors that determine the systemic stability of Russian industry in the context of the imposition of sanctions by foreign countries. The purpose of the article is to identify areas of anti-crisis management of industrial production in modern conditions of sanctions pressure. As a result of the study, the role of anti-crisis management of industrial production in Russia for its restoration was revealed. Overcoming the annual indicators of unprofitable enterprises in Russia since 2016 was not possible until 2023. In addition, the number of bankrupt enterprises in the period 2007–2022. does not decrease. These indicators indicate the significant influence of external factors associated with geopolitical influence on the activities of enterprises. The study identified risks associated with the activities of industrial enterprises: the risk of a global recession, a high probability of increased sanctions pressure, the risk of a reduction in export earnings and the persistence of pro-inflationary risks. The sanctions pressure did not provoke a serious crisis in the regional industry, but created conditions for reducing dependence on imports, localizing production within the region, optimizing the structure and vector of foreign trade activities of industrial enterprises. However, due to the increased sanctions pressure in 2022 in the field of industrial production, it is necessary to formulate additional measures for anti-crisis management. Anti-crisis management under sanctions depends not only on the activities of the enterprises themselves based on internal processes, but also on the activities of the state. To build new supply chains, establish alternative channels for selling products, and actively develop import substitution, large-scale infrastructure investments are required, which depends on significant government participation in the form of investments and the formation of legislation to support the development of domestic industrial production.

МИНИМИЗАЦИЯ РИСКОВ ОФСЕТНОГО ИНВЕСТИРОВАНИЯ

This article reveals the features of the offset transaction as a promising investment mechanism for the development of industrial production in Russia. A comparative description of the offset contract with widely used special investment contracts, agreements on the protection and promotion of investments, concession agreements, agreements on public-private/municipal-private partnership, life cycle contracts is considered. During the analysis of the offset contract model, the main four stages of procurement were identified: procurement planning; determining the supplier conclusion of the contract; performance of the contract. The risks of offsetting organizations during the offset transaction structuring, as well as the risks of inaccuracy and incompleteness of information about the project are described. Measures have been proposed to minimize risks when drawing up and fulfilling an offset agreement.

Sustainable development of Russian industry in the context of a macroeconomic shock and new industrial policy

Aim. The presented study aims to analyze the sustainable development of Russian industry in the context of a macroeconomic shock.Tasks. The authors describe the manifestations and causes of the 2022 macroeconomic shock; assess the impact of the macroeconomic shock on the current level of industrial production in Russia; develop recommendations to ensure the sustainable development of domestic industry based on the implementation of a new industrial policy.Methods. This study uses the methods of comparative and retrospective analysis, generalization, scenario and situational forecasting, and expert assessment.Results. The turbulence of economic processes both in Russia and globally has increased dramatically since the end of February 2022. This gave rise to a situation that can be described as a macroeconomic shock, i.e. a significant and transient change in one or more macroeconomic parameters, disturbing the economy's equilibrium and causing a transition to a new quasi-equilibrium state. At the first stage, the macroeconomic shock caused a decline in industrial output. At the second stage, the decline was genereally stopped, but industrial restructuring was initiated, negatively affecting critical and technologically complex production. The analysis of available data clearly indicates a correlation between the magnitude of production decline in certain industrial sectors and the level of their import dependence. At the same time, the potential of traditional import substitution has largely been exhausted. Therefore, the authors propose a model of a new industrial policy for implementation. Its essence is that the state should organize the production of competitive industrial products rather than ensure it. This is a radical paradigm shift. The expressed conceptual idea will require further in-depth study in case it is adopted. The authors believe that this will happen shortly, and the scientific community will join the constructive discussion and elaboration of the ideas presented in the article.Conclusions. The modern Russian economy in general and industry in particular is developing in the context of a macroeconomic shock caused by the sanctions of the collective West. The production decline caused by the shock is gradually diminishing. However, there is a negative industrial restructuring caused by high import dependence of some industries. To remedy the situation, the idea of a new industrial policy based on a more active role of the state in the economy is proposed.

Industrial policy in the Russian Federation: Analysis of tools

Subject. The study addresses prospects for the growth of industrial production in Russia in the face of sanctions. Objectives. The purpose is to search for the best way to increase the industrial and financial capacity of Russia’s regions. Methods. We employ general scientific research methods. Results. We considered State programs to support industry, defined the procedure for selecting and evaluating investment projects, proved the necessity of financing the most promising projects from Federal and regional funds. Conclusions. The government authorities may use the findings when developing and implementing measures aimed at support to industrial enterprises.

Industrial Production in Russia: Research Methods and Development Tasks

Industrial Production in Russia: Research Methods and Development Tasks

Industrial production in Russia: research methods and development tasks

The purpose of the article is to give a generalized assessment of the methods used to study the performance of Russian industrial production and to analyze the most aggregated indicators, in particular, the qualitative indicators of the process of technological modernization, through the introduction of digital technologies. Using the example of Russian manufacturing industry, it is shown how the overall assessment of the situation depends on the applied criterion of industrialization. It is noted that the task of technological upgrading of Russian manufacturing industry cannot be reduced solely to the introduction of digital technologies, without changing a wide range of production technologies.

Structural changes in Russia's industry: The current situation and forecast

Purpose: The objective of this paper is to analyze the dynamics of change in industrial production in Russia from 2008 to 2019 across a set of indicators characterizing structural changes in industry, specifically its extractive, manufacturing, and production and distribution of electricity, gas, and water sectors. Design/Methodology/Approach: The work provides a forecast of output in the three sectors of industry using methods such as Holt's method and factor analysis, with structural shifts projected using the methods of Szalai, Ryabtsev, Gatev, and Kazinets. Findings: The empirical results show further changes in the structure of industrial production in the Russian Federation and an increase in manufacturing production at the same time due to a decrease in production by the type of activity "Mining". Practical Implications: Investors who plan to invest in the Russian Federation should bear in mind that investments in manufacturing production are advisable. Originality/value: To initiate progressive structural changes, the development and qualitative transformation of the structure of the manufacturing industry is necessary

Metamorphoses of Industrial Statistics in Surveys of the Provinces of the Middle Volga Region at the Beginning of the 20th сentury

Introduction. The statistics collected as part of the preparation of the governor’s reports is an important source array that makes it possible to display individual parameters of the development of industrial production in Russia. Statistical reviews published annually for virtually all Russian provinces contain a general description of industrial development, as well as summaries on the number of industrial enterprises, the number of workers and the cost of production. Leaving the general characteristics of this source outside the scope of the study, we will attempt to analyze the information contained in it on the state of industry, as well as assess the possibilities of using its heuristic potential for statistical analysis of the main parameters of the development of industry in the provinces of the Middle Volga region at the beginning of the 20th century. Methods. The methodological basis is the principle of historicism, on the basis of which the subject of research is considered taking into account the peculiarities of the historical environment and in the context of its evolutionary dynamics within the chosen chronological period. To solve the set tasks, elements of the methods of historical and legal analysis were used, which made it possible to consider the object of research in the context of the development of Russian legislation. Operating with a fairly large amount of digital data has led to the active use of methods of information and statistical analysis. Results. Based on a comparative analysis of the content of the annual reviews of Kazan, Samara, Saratov, Simbirsk and Penza provinces for 1900–1913 the features of the presentation of information on the state of the industrial sphere were identified, the structure and content of the sections devoted to the analysis of industrial statistics were considered. It was concluded that there is no uniformity in the content of the relevant sections between the reviews not only of different provinces, but also of the same provinces over different years. Discussion and Conclusion. As the conducted research shows, the information on the industrial development of the provinces collected in the framework of the preparation of the governor’s reports cannot be regarded as a homogeneous and comparable statistical array. This was largely due to the vagueness of the criteria for industrial accounting, which impeded a clear division of large factories, on the one hand, and small handicraft enterprises, on the other. In addition, there was a lack of uniformity in the compilation of industrial statistics in the practice of preparing surveys of the provinces. The structure and content of the sections devoted to the characteristics of industrial development had significant differences both in reviews of different provinces and in reviews of the same province over different years. Nevertheless, the revealed nuances do not give any reason to write off this source. The use of the data contained in it can reveal rather important aspects of the industrial development of the region.

Definition of factors limiting the growth of industrial production

Issues related to the formation of new types of industrial production have been relevant in recent years, since it is industry that creates new technologies, products, provides human life and the existence of the state, in this regard, the authors of the study present this work. The transition of the industrial structure from one stage to another allows us to offer new scientific and practical solutions that ensure the development of industrial potential. The work revealed that industrial production in Russia is in stagnation and there are no changes in this area of activity. Based on the obtained data, a factor model was proposed, which made it possible to identify factors limiting the development of industrial production.

Industrial development under sanctions pressure: evidence from Russia

One of the most important sectors of the economy in Russia is industry. In this regard, the state seeks to stimulate the development of innovations in this area. Over the past few years, many industrial sectors in Russia have been in a crisis situation, which is caused by several factors: a decrease in the level of real investment, a decrease in the solvent demand of enterprises-customers and public consumers, and the introduction of financial and economic sanctions in 2014 against Russia by the United States and the European Union countries, as well as the effect of other macroeconomic factors independent of the activities of industrial enterprises. This study aims to identify the main trends in the development of industrial production in Russia in recent years, and an explanation of its causes. This topic is relevant in connection with the foregoing and may be of interest to academic economists studying industry development trends in developing countries. The aim of the study is to analyze the state of industry in Russia from 2015 to 2018 during the period of sanction pressure on the industrial and financial sectors of the Russian economy. Having examined the latest data on the results of the activity of Russian industry as a whole, one can note positive trends in the development of industrial production in Russia despite a number of negative internal and external factors. It is concluded that today, for Russia, the strategic tasks in industrial policy are reduced to overcoming technological backwardness and carrying out technological modernization of industries based on the use of innovative achievements, as well as import substitution for the sectors of the economy that are sensitive to foreign sanctions.

Statistics of Industrial Production in Russia: Some Observations of Attentive Users

The paper discusses the most important issues related to the calculation of the industrial production index in Russian statistics. The basic methodological principles of calculating this index and their application in the existing statistical reporting are described. Based on the analysis of a large array of data on the production of the most important types of industrial products, the authors define some of the main problems in the formation of industrial production indices, as well as their manifestation in the final results of official statistics, including in 2019. The priority orientations of work are also proposed to eliminate the identified problems.

Dynamics of employers’ costs for the implementation of the dual model in industrial sectors

The introduction of the dual model of education is one of the promising areas for providing personnel with the necessary qualifications of industrial production in Russia. In the framework of this study, the task was to determine the role of the employer in the process of organizing the dual model. The main research method is the analysis of the structure and cost dynamics of industrial enterprises aimed. The purpose of the article is to analyze the dynamics and cost structure of the implementation of the dual model on the example of the industrial sectors of the Sverdlovsk region.

Основные тенденции развития промышленности Республики Бурятия на современном этапе

Of all the types of economic activity, industry and agriculture are considered the backbone macro industries. As a result, the development of the national and regional economies depends on their state and dynamics. Domestic macroeconomic and political conditions are such that the priorities and development trends of the country's industry as a whole, as well as of individual Russian regions, are predetermined mainly by the interests of business structures, since it is through these resources that the majority of investment and innovation projects are realized. At the same time, it is the state that creates the institutional conditions and develops the industrial development strategy. The paper covers the main current trends in the development of the industry of the Republic of Buryatia. The study featured the sectoral structure of gross value added for 2014–2016 and the leading industries of the republic. The research also included the indices of industrial production in Russia and the regions of the Siberian Federal District for 2015-2017 followed by their comparative analysis. The analysis involved the volume and the sectoral structure of the shipped industrial goods, works, and services produced by the region’s own forces in 2017. The author suggests some directions of further development taking into account the current challenges.

Application of the Method of Pairwise Comparisons When Combining Economic Forecasts

The method of combining forecasts has already proven itself in practice as a reliable and effective way to improve the accuracy of economic forecasting. But this technique has several disadvantages. Today, one of the ways to improve the method of combining forecasts is to find the possibility of attracting expert information as a tool for correcting the obtained forecast results. This article is devoted to the use of an expert method of pairwise comparisons for constructing the weights of the combined forecast as one of the options for which you can use expert information when combining forecasts. The proposed methodology has been applied in practice for the economic time series of some products of industrial production in Russia. An assessment was made of the effectiveness of using the method of pairwise comparisons for combining forecasts, and based on the results obtained, a forecast of the development of the economic indicators under consideration was proposed.

The Main Modernization Directions of the Industrial Complex

The functioning of enterprises in the conditions of economic uncertainty and high risks associated with it, dependence on external economic conjuncture, low competitiveness of domestic goods and services of Russia give determine a range of problems that can be solved only through modernization reforms in industry. They are determined by the formation of a competitive type of industrial production in Russia and high-tech industries that are able to generate high technology and modernize the sectoral system of national reproduction. Modernization of the Russian industry is based on internal growth factors using modern technologies and business methods with a gradual increase of the innovation potential. The purpose of the study is to identify the main directions of modernization for the formation of a modern competitive industry as the basis for ensuring economic growth and improving the quality of life of the population. To achieve this goal, the authors used dialectical, system-functional, economic-statistical, and formal-logical methods. In this contribution, the authors summarized the main directions of the implementation of industrial policy, presented statistical data on the creation of industrial parks. To strengthen the industrial potential of the Russian economy, it is necessary to provide conditions for the development of modern production, increasing production and energy efficiency, and increasing investment in fixed assets. The authors developed measures for the modernization of the industrial complex and predicted results of this program. Among key activities there are the development of affordable investment and innovation infrastructure, the creation of industrial parks and the development of the institutional environment.

LAWS AND INTERESTS: Factory Inspection Relationships with Owners and the Administration of Industrial Enterprises of Russia at the Beginning of the 20th Century (Based on Materials from the Middle Volga Region)

Introduction. Factory inspection was one of the key institutions that influenced the industrial development of Russia in the late XIX – early XX centuries. The factory inspection, closely integrated into the state management system, went through several stages of its formation and development. Being at the very center of social contradictions within the framework of an increasingly acute “work issue”, the factory inspectorate was often criticized by various political forces, as well as by entrepreneurs and the public. Research methods. The range of applied research methods when considering this topic is determined by the intersection of several subject areas: social, economic and legal. In order to reflect all the complexities of their interaction, the methods of socio-institutional analysis were used. The use of the modernization theory made it possible to include the approval of factory-labor legislation in Russia in the trend of industrial modernization. The method of micro-history allows you to see the specific practice of the relationship of factory inspection with the owners and administration of industrial enterprises. Results. In this article, based on the study of predominantly archival sources, an analysis was made of the activities of factory inspection of the provinces of the Middle Volga region in the beginning of the 20th century in the context of confrontation with entrepreneurs, the essence of which was the desire to oblige them to comply with the norms and rules of factory labor legislation. As the study showed, it was not unclouded, it raised many questions and controversial issues, often caused by the frank reluctance of the owners and administrations of industrial enterprises to comply with the requirements of factory-labor legislation, and in some cases the insufficient functioning of the factory’s institute inspection, as well as mechanisms for its implementation. Discussion and conclusion. As the study shows, carrying out mediation in resolving labor disputes and conflicts between workers and entrepreneurs, factory inspectors became essentially the main actors in the formation of the legal space in the sphere of industrial production in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. Gradually, they became an effective force that could resist the desire of the owners and management of enterprises to preserve the so-called “old factory orders”, where the decisive role was played not by the “letter of the law”, but by the will of the owner and a well-established custom. The way in which the new practice of production and labor relations was successfully implemented largely depended on the personality of the factory inspector, on his principledness and desire to resist the entrepreneurs and the administration of factories in their desire not to comply with the norms of factory labor legislation. Keywords: industry, actory inspection, workers, entrepreneurs, Middle Volga region, factory labor legislation

Theoretical Basis for Composition of Economic Strategy for Industry Development

1. Introduction Machine-manufacturing industry, just like other sectors of the Russian economy, is in a situation of permanent influence of long-term systemic challenges that determine not only the global trends, but also internal destabilizing factors. Both financial and political crises have had a negative impact on the economy as a whole, but the industry is a kind of framework of the national economy, which is based on the defense and aerospace industry, and a number of other strategically important industries and areas of production. Also high level of development of machine-manufacturing and engineering industry helps to solve the problems of economic and social character, due to spillover effect. The role of the engineering industry for the country is further enhanced by the solution of such complex tasks, as import substitution, the reform of the military-industrial complex and modernization of manufacturing industries. Thus, the aim of our research is to develop adequate current realities of the economic development strategy of the machine-manufacturing industry, taking into account all the problems as well as offering a balanced solution to them. 2. Base part of research The above challenges necessitate the development of the economic development strategy for the industry, including its long-term investment plan. Challenges can be roughly grouped into the following categories: 1. Strengthening of competition on the global machine-manufacturing market. Prior to the 1990s, the leaders of machine-building were countries such as the USA, the USSR, Germany and Japan (Budik and Schlossberger, 2015). However by the 2000s the picture has changed dramatically, the place of undisputed leader in the production of machine tools was transferred to China, followed by Japan, Germany, Italy, South Korea and Taiwan. Japan, Germany and Italy dominate the production of the most complex and sophisticated machinery. According to Eurostat, the United States went down to 7th place in the world, and Russia is now 21st (Kondratiev). Nowadays, the mechanical engineering and metal processing account for about 20% of the total volume of industrial production in Russia, and the annual turnover of the industry is more than 55 billion US dollars. For comparison, in the US, Japan and Germany the share of engineering products as the total industrial production is around 36-45% (Zavalko). According to forecasts composed by IMF World Economic Outlook for 2025 the top producers will the countries that are now developing, with China, EU, USA and Japan still retaining the leading positions. The total volume of machine-building production will increase by 2025 to reach $ 930 billion, corresponding to an annual growth of 3.8% (Kondratiev). 2. New wave of technological changes in the industry, reinforcing the role and importance of innovations (Dasanayaka and Sardana, 2015; Giannarakis, 2016). A new technological foundation is being formed, based, on utilizing IT and nanotechnology. Each year the US invests, on average 2-2.5% of GDP on scientific research in the sphere of manufacturing and engineering, and in the EU countries this proportion is 3% of GDP. In the US, the share of state financing of engineering projects can reach up to 50%. Given this, the process of adapting the achievements in the military and aerospace industry is then carried out. Germany has also carried out a series of reforms to renew the manufacturing sector, financing the operation through effective fiscal policy. Currently, every third manufacturing plant in Germany is considered innovative, with two-thirds of total engineering production being exported (Zavalko). 3. Increase in importance of role of human capital as the main factor of economic development, the deficit of qualified engineering workers, aging and deterioration of the qualitative composition of staff. 7-10 years ago, this given problem was attempted to be solve by trying to attract foreign staff, however foreign top-managers were not able to solve all the internal problems of the industry, due to not being familiar enough with Russian specifics (Sayfieva, Ermilina). …