Development Of Industrial Processes Research Articles

Integration development processes in the wood industry based on clusterization

The research is aimed at substantiating a mechanism for the formation of interregional clusters. In order to identify the current state and development prospects for the Russian wood industry, we conducted an analysis of its functioning on the basis of official statistics. We substantiated the advantages of a cluster form of integration and made an assessment of the foreign and domestic clustering experience in the wood industry on the basis of an in-depth study of the related literature, analysis and synthesis of the data taken from certain specialized Internet portals of the Russian wood industry. To implement into practice our approach to the formation of interregional wood industry clusters in the Central Federal District (CFD), we carried out a research into these territories’ resource potential for clusterization (a rating-and-score method, methods of localization and concentration, a method of territorial proximity, a method of formalization, etc.). The obtained results showed that is it possible to form 4 wood industry clusters in the CFD of Russia, allowing to concentrate a resource capacity of several territories for the purpose of strengthening the interregional interaction of the timber industry enterprises, to create opportunities for the implementation of large-scale innovative projects in the industry.

Chemical Kinetics of the Alkylation of Xylenol for the Separation of Their Close-Boiling Isomers from Coal Tar

To support the industrial design and process development for the separation of xylenol isomers from coal tar, the present work was focused on 2,4/2,5-xylenol mixture as 2,4-xylenol and 2,5-xylenol have very close boiling points. Specifically, the kinetics of the alkylation of 2,4/2,5-xylenol mixture was investigated that formed the first step of the alkylation-distillation-dealkylation separation strategy. By quantifying the influence of various key factors on the reaction rate, the rate equations of 2,4-xylenol and 2,5-xylenol alkylation were determined as $${{r}_{{2,4}}} = 1538{{e}^{{{{ - 39{\kern 1pt} 360} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{ - 39{\kern 1pt} 360} {RT}}} \right. \kern-0em} {RT}}}}}c_{{2,4}}^{{1.1}}P_{{{\text{PIB}}}}^{{1.0}}c_{{{\text{PTSA}}}}^{{0.4}}$$ and $${{r}_{{2,5}}} = 516{{e}^{{{{ - 32{\kern 1pt} 241} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{ - 32{\kern 1pt} 241} {RT}}} \right. \kern-0em} {RT}}}}}c_{{2,5}}^{{1.0}}P_{{{\text{PIB}}}}^{{0.8}}c_{{{\text{PTSA}}}}^{{0.7}}{\text{,}}$$ respectively. The alkylation rate of 2,4-xylenol was notably higher than that of 2,5-xylenol. The influence of temperature, xylenol concentration and isobutylene partial pressure on the reaction rate of 2,4-xylenol was also greater than that of 2,5-xylenol, whilst the influence of catalyst dosage on the alkylation rate of 2,5-xylenol was found to be greater than that of 2,4-xylenol. The results can be potentially used for reactor design and process development for the separation of 2,4/2,5-xylenol mixture from coal tar.

Management of the Development of Metallurgy and the Global Metal Market

The imbalances of the metal market and conflicts between market participants, which are intensifying under the influence of macroeconomic factors, are considered in the article. The interrelation of the processes of the development of metallurgy and the features of the management of industrial flows of products, resources, capital was shown. The specifics, advantages and disadvantages of the determinants of the industrial development processes are highlighted. We note that the solution of constructive problems faced by the Russian metallurgy industry is closely related to the need to improve the managing of its development.

Analysis of Green Chemical Industry in Synthesis and Application of Polymer Materials

<p>With the continuous improvement of economic level and living standard in recent years, people’s concept of environmental protection has become stronger and stronger. Developing green production in an all-round way will improve the contradiction between environmental protection and economic development. For the chemical industry, its production activities are a very critical link for the society, but at the same time, it is also the link that produces the most “three wastes”. However, in the future development process of the chemical industry, green industry will be the most important development direction.</p>

A Review of Technical Advances, Barriers, and Solutions in the Power to Hydrogen (P2H) Roadmap

Power to hydrogen (P2H) provides a promising solution to the geographic mismatch between sources of renewable energy and the market, due to its technological maturity, flexibility, and the availability of technical and economic data from a range of active demonstration projects. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the status of P2H, analyze its technical barriers and solutions, and propose potential opportunities for future research and industrial demonstrations. We specifically focus on the transport of hydrogen via natural gas pipeline networks and end-user purification. Strong evidence shows that an addition of about 10% hydrogen into natural gas pipelines has negligible effects on the pipelines and utilization appliances, and may therefore extend the asset value of the pipelines after natural gas is depleted. To obtain pure hydrogen from hydrogen-enriched natural gas (HENG) mixtures, end-user separation is inevitable, and can be achieved through membranes, adsorption, and other promising separation technologies. However, novel materials with high selectivity and capacity will be the key to the development of industrial processes, and an integrated membrane-adsorption process may be considered in order to produce high-purity hydrogen from HENG. It is also worth investigating the feasibility of electrochemical separation (hydrogen pumping) at a large scale and its energy analysis. Cryogenics may only be feasible when liquefied natural gas (LNG) is one of the major products. A range of other technological and operational barriers and opportunities, such as water availability, byproduct (oxygen) utilization, and environmental impacts, are also discussed. This review will advance readers’ understanding of P2H and foster the development of the hydrogen economy.

Architecture of the agent-based model for the region’s industrial complex digital transformation

The study of the transformation of the industrial complex and industrial products markets, due to its complexity, involves the use of tools that can adequately simulate elaborate systems of interconnections. The paper aims at developing an agent-based model of digital transformation of the regional industrial complex. The research methodology relies on regional economics, game and contract theories, the network approach, as well as the concepts of new industrialisation and the fourth industrial revolution. The author uses simulation modelling to study the individual behaviour of agents. As one of its outcomes, the article provides a methodological rationale for modelling industrial development processes by simulating the behaviour of interacting agents. The structural elements of the proposed model include an interaction environment, four classes of agents with individual parameters, strategies and rules of behaviour, a complex of external stimulating factors and a set of indicators of a phased digital transformation of an industrial complex. The model development algorithm consists of three parts: setting the initial state; determining the specific number of model runs corresponding to the time horizon of calculations; making final calculations and visually presenting simulation outcomes. The author proposes one of the possible methods to formalise behaviour rules of heterogeneous agents that includes the choice of the digitalisation strategy and operational decision-making. The results of the study can offer support for the practical implementation of the simulation model within a specific computer environment and lay the foundations for the control system of a region’s industry digitalisation.

Methane Hydrate Formation and Dissociation in Sand Media: Effect of Water Saturation, Gas Flowrate and Particle Size

Assessing the influence of key parameters governing the formation of hydrates and determining the capacity of the latter to store gaseous molecules is needed to improve our understanding of the role of natural gas hydrates in the oceanic methane cycle. Such knowledge will also support the development of new industrial processes and technologies such as those related to thermal energy storage. In this study, high-pressure laboratory methane hydrate formation and dissociation experiments were carried out in a sandy matrix at a temperature around 276.65 K. Methane was continuously injected at constant flowrate to allow hydrate formation over the course of the injection step. The influence of water saturation, methane injection flowrate and particle size on hydrate formation kinetics and methane storage capacity were investigated. Six water saturations (10.8%, 21.6%, 33%, 43.9%, 55% and 66.3%), three gas flowrates (29, 58 and 78 mLn·min−1) and three classes of particle size (80–140, 315–450 and 80–450 µm) were tested, and the resulting data were tabulated. Overall, the measured induction time obtained at 53–57% water saturation has an average value of 58 ± 14 min minutes with clear discrepancies that express the stochastic nature of hydrate nucleation, and/or results from the heterogeneity in the porosity and permeability fields of the sandy core due to heterogeneous particles. Besides, the results emphasize a clear link between the gas injection flowrate and the induction time whatever the particle size and water saturation. An increase in the gas flowrate from 29 to 78 mLn·min−1 is accompanied by a decrease in the induction time up to ~100 min (i.e., ~77% decrease). However, such clear behaviour is less conspicuous when varying either the particle size or the water saturation. Likewise, the volume of hydrate-bound methane increases with increasing water saturation. This study showed that water is not totally converted into hydrates and most of the calculated conversion ratios are around 74–84%, with the lowest value of 49.5% conversion at 54% of water saturation and the highest values of 97.8% for the lowest water saturation (10.8%). Comparison with similar experiments in the literature is also carried out herein.

Research on the Visual Interaction Design of Tourism Destination Brands Based on Regional Features

In the process of rapid development of my country’s tourism industry, there are serious problems in the homogeneity of tourist destinations and tourism projects, which will affect the brand building effect of tourist destinations to a certain extent. Through the analysis of the design theory and design model of tourism destination image in the current development process of tourism industry, we can find that regional brand is the main core in the design process of tourism destination. Visual design plays an important role in shaping the brand image of tourist destinations. Therefore, we need to pay attention to the effective connection between the image design of regional tourism destinations, and explore the methods and approaches of image design for regional tourism destinations. Only in this way can the brand design level of the tourist destination be improved.

New product development process in apparel industry using Industry 4.0 technologies

PurposeThe main purpose of this paper is to assess the technological view of apparel new product development (NPD) process through a framework for improving the efficiency of NPD process in Sri Lankan apparel industry.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses literature review, a survey and in-depth interviews of industry experts for data collection. Descriptive analysis and correlation analysis are used to identify the relationship between NPD process performance and Industry 4.0 (I4) technology components.FindingsAll technology components are enablers of NPD process, yet the relative importance of technology components varies within the NPD life cycle. Technoware is identified as the most significant, while Humanware component is the least significant for the advancement of I4 technologies in the NPD process.Research limitations/implicationsDespite the novelty of research investigation into NPD process using I4 technologies in apparel industry, it is limited to one geographical location and a small segment of the industry.Practical implicationsThis paper assists apparel industry practitioners to better understand and prioritize I4 technology components in the NPD life cycle for their successful adoption and for reaping the benefits.Originality/valueThis research generates new knowledge on the adoption of I4 technologies using industry insights into technology components mapped/aligned with key stages of NPD life cycle.

Особенности исследования экономики с использованием показателей металлопотребления

<span>В статье рассматриваются подходы к оценке долгосрочных результатов экономического развития на основе показателей накопления материального капитала. Проанализированы тенденции на мировом рынке металла в их взаимосвязи с процессами индустриального развития. Рассмотрены различные варианты ресурсного обеспечения инвестиционного роста новых индустриальных стран (Китай, Индия, Южная Корея, Вьетнам и др.). Показаны современные особенности формирования взаимосвязи между динамикой потребления металла и валовым накоплением основного капитала. Выявлены дисбалансы в российской экономике, связанные с инвестиционным ростом, и предложены возможные пути их устранения. Представлены количественные прогнозные оценки, характеризующие ресурсное обеспечение экономического роста в России. Обоснована необходимость формирования и запуска механизма накопления капитала в стране.</span>

Improving new product development innovation effectiveness by using problem solving tools during the conceptual development phase: Integrating Design Thinking and TRIZ

The objective of this research is to improve innovation effectiveness during new product development (NPD) processes in industry by using problem‐solving techniques during the conceptual development phase. The concept phase of physical NPDs is widely recognized in the literature as the time when the target market is identified, alternative product concepts are created and evaluated for further development and testing, also called the “fuzzy front end” or “discovery stage”. Design Thinking (DT) and TRIZ were the chosen problem‐solving techniques to support this stage because of their complementariness. While DT is most recognized as an approach that drives project teams toward the end‐users, TRIZ has its main strength during idea generation and selection processes where it has a robust set of analytical tools to drive NPD teams to a final product concept. After conducting a literature review to understand the strengths and limitations of both techniques, a framework is proposed by integrating them into the conceptual development phase of an industrial NPD process. The proposed framework is then tested and validated after being applied successfully in an NPD process in the automotive industry. The automotive industry is a good example of an incremental type of industry when designing its components for new vehicle models, and is therefore a very appropriate laboratory for validating the proposed framework.

A Modelling Approach of the Catalytic Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds in the SCR-DeNOx Monolithic Reactor

Monolithic reactors play an important role in the integrated approach to environmental protection, especially in air pollution abatement. Mathematical modelling of catalytic reactors has become a key procedure in the design, development and optimisation of many industrial processes. The objective of this study was the modelling and simulation of the catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds by a commercial V2O5-WO3/TiO2 honeycomb catalyst, specific for the SCR-DeNOx process in high-dust flue gases from stationary incineration. The mathematical model is developed for the numerical simulation of a tubular plug flow reactor, using mass balance equation to predict results for benzene conversion under isothermal conditions.

Rationale and economic feasibility of improving the technology of long-term storage of meat products

The article considers modern problems of meat processing industry development, new approaches in the field of meat technology and healthy human nutrition. Based on the analysis, the factors influencing the production and sale of products in this industry were identified. The influence of improvement of technology of production of meat products of long term of storage on indicators of activity of the enterprise which introduces it is considered. The article draws attention to the problems of relevance of creating functional products based on meat and vegetable raw materials, which can make human nutrition rational and balanced, as well as increase resistance to adverse and extreme life factors, restore and maintain normal metabolic processes. The economic estimation of efficiency of introduction of new technology of manufacture is given and expediency of perfection of technology of meat products of long term of storage is proved.

Digital Transformation Reduces Costs of the Paints and Coatings Development Process

An essential characteristic of the new product development process is to develop a new marketable product in the shortest possible time with the lowest reasonable costs. Therefore, the key factor of the process is efficiency. The paints and coatings industry development process contain numerous laboratory tests to determine the appropriateness of new formulation. It is proven that digital transformation can reduce the number of laboratory tests and consequently shorten the throughput time of the development process. This raised the question of whether the faster development process also reduces the process’ cost, or they even increase due to information and communication technology implementation. Therefore, the research’s purpose was to determine whether reducing the number of laboratory tests, based on the implementation of information and communication technology (ICT), affects reducing costs in the paints and coatings development process. The conventional process and the redesigned process of paints and coatings development were used as the basis of the research. The comparative analysis of the costs incurred during the development process was made. The analysis compares the types and amount of incurred costs. The article proves that digital transformation has a significant impact on up to 48% on reducing costs of the paints and coatings development process.

DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES IN THE INDUSTRY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA DURING THE FIRST DECADE OF THE 21st CENTURY

The first decade of the 21st century in the Republic of Serbia is characterized by numerous changes of the economic nature. It was a period of accelerated reform based on the neoliberal concept, i.e. a period of transition to the spontaneous unfolding of economic flows. This concept should have guided the economy of the Republic of Serbia towards the market economy, enabled relatively high rates of economic growth, has raised its level of competitiveness and, has ultimately, prepared it for the market competition. However, it can be concluded that the ten-year application of this concept has directed the economy of the Republic of Serbia in a completely different direction: towards foreign savings, disproportionate growth of the sector of non-tradable goods and services and overheating of domestic demand as the main driver of growth. The inability to autonomously or partially autonomously create their own sources of growth, on the one hand, and the continuation of the foreign borrowing spiral, on the other, were key synthetic indicators of the current state of the economy. Therefore, the Republic of Serbia was forced to change its economic growth model. According to many opinions, development processes in industry, its position in the newly formed economic structure of the country, as well as structural changes within the industry itself, has been one of the key causes of the negative developmental trends in the economy of the Republic of Serbia during the first decade of the 21st century. With this in mind, this paper analyzes the development processes in the industry of the Republic of Serbia during the first decade of the 21st century, that is, the results of the aforementioned processes, namely: changes in the structure of industry, results of privatization of industry, trends in employment in industry, and developments in foreign trade industry.

Unprecedented reactive electro-mixing reactor: Towards synergy between micro- and macro-reactors?

Over the last century, electrochemistry has contributed to societal progress through the development of electrochemical industrial processes. Since the first battery was proposed by Alessandro Volta in 1799, the vision of the electrochemical cell has not changed significantly: static electrodes (or semi-static in rotating disk and cylinder systems) are immersed in an electrolyte while the solution is either stirred for better homogenization or pumped between or through the electrodes. This work intends to induce a paradigm shift in the design of electrochemical cells that could have tremendous positive impacts on the mechanisms (e.g. transfers), the process efficiency and the scalability of electrochemical processes. It is proposed to set whole thin film electrochemical cells in motion within a stirred tank macro-reactor, with the aim of synergistically combining the properties characteristic of the micro-scale in thin film reactors with those of the macro-reactor.This paper highlights the superiority of the unprecedented “reactive electro-mixing” reactor in water treatment, i.e. 1.32 times higher degradation efficiency and 20 times lower energy requirement than a conventional filter-press cell. It further announces the birth of a new “reactive electro-mixing” sub-discipline that should lead to many other scientific studies and industrial applications.

Construção de maquetes de processos industriais: inovação no processo ensino-aprendizagem

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a possibilidade de uma estratégia criativa de aprendizagem para as aulas da disciplina Processos Industriais do Curso de Engenharia Ambiental da Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG). Essa disciplina é vista por muitos discentes como de difícil entendimento, visto que aborda o ensino de processos e o conhecimento de equipamentos, além de cálculos envolvendo dimensionamento, ainda que simples, mas que não são rotineiros no Ensino Superior. Assim, uma alternativa para melhor compreensão dos conteúdos dessa disciplina foi a realização de uma “Mostra de maquetes para ilustrar Processos Industriais” e teve como objetivo proporcionar uma aproximação dos conteúdos ministrados em classe, de modo mais dinâmico, facilitando o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Nesse evento, os discentes, utilizando a criatividade, deveriam confeccionar maquetes para ilustrar um processo industrial escolhido pelo grupo. Esse trabalho possibilitou aos graduandos conhecer o desenvolvimento de processos industriais, além de permitir a familiarização e a identificação das diversas operações unitárias envolvidas em processos tecnológicos de caráter fabril. Ainda, as atividades proporcionaram a compreensão de questões tecnológicas, despertando a curiosidade de docentes, discentes e visitantes de diversas áreas.

Description of the basic activities for the realization of a new waste disposal scheme in Russia

In some regions of Russia new waste management scheme is coming into operation in 2018. The Voronezh Region was one of the first to approve all the program documents necessary for this. In the framework of Voronezh region state program “Environmental Protection and Natural Resources”, the Voronezh Region Government Decree No. 524 of 30.06.17 allocated the subprogram “Regional program for waste management, including municipal solid waste”, the implementation of which is planned for 2018-2021. The main objective of the subprogram is to increase the proportion of waste that can be recycled, reused or disposed with minimal environmental damage. The article describes the main activities for the implementation of this subprogram and main trends of waste processing industry development in the conditions of digitalization. The article also describes the experience of waste sorting in Italy and some other countries, where this problem has been solved for more than 30 years.

Challenges and opportunities to include patient-centric product design in industrial medicines development to improve therapeutic goals.

In the past, drug developers in industry chose approaches mainly focusing on the drug product's efficacy, safety and quality according to the level required by regulatory expectations stipulated in guidelines, pharmacopoeia and other regulatory provisions. By putting more focus on the patient perspective, regulatory authorities are currently raising their requirements regarding successful product submissions. The increasing involvement of patients in the product development process (e.g. conduction of human factor use tests, integration of feedback from patient and patient advisory groups into clinical programmes) requires adaptations to the existing and established industrial drug development processes without compromising fast patient access to innovative therapies. This review provides an expert opinion on the emerging challenges and opportunities to implement a patient-centric approach into new drug development programmes. The aim is to better understand the challenge of finding the right balance between bringing innovative drugs fast to the patients and to develop these in parallel in a patient-centric product form as well as why this is an opportunity and how stakeholder parties (e.g. patients, clinicians, pharmacists, caregivers, regulators) can provide support to achieve desired outcomes.

IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITY DIRECTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS IN THE NORTHERN REGION

The arcile descuites the features of the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Komi Republic, including based on the SWOT analysis of its agro-food sector. The study identifies the strengths and weaknesses of integration in the conditions of the Northern region, identifies opportunities and threats, formed the principles for the formation and functioning of a product cluster. The algorithm determining the priority directions of development of clusters in the Northern region, allows to deepen the system displays the development of agricultural production in rural areas and includes the following areas: analysis of the status and dynamics of development of agricultural production in the region; the allocation of typological groups; assessment of the influence of the main values of the factors on agricultural production; analysis of the development of processing industries; matrix analysis definition of priority directions of development of the cluster; the formation of potential product clusters.