Industrial Power Grid Research Articles

Fast RC Reduction of Flip-Chip Power Grids Using Geometric Templates

Realizable power grid reduction becomes a key to efficient design and verification of nowadays large-scale power delivery networks. Existing state-of-the-art realizable reduction techniques for interconnect circuits, such as the TICER algorithm, cannot be well suited for effective power grid reductions, since reducing the mesh-structured power grids by TICER's nodal elimination scheme may introduce excessive number of new edges in the reduced grids that can be even harder to solve than the original grid due to the drastically increased sparse matrix density. In this paper, we present a novel geometric template-based reduction technique for reducing large-scale flip-chip power grids. Our method first creates geometric template according to the original power grid topology and then performs novel iterative grid corrections to improve the accuracy by matching the electrical behaviors of the reduced template grid with the original grid. In addition, a multilevel grid correction scheme has been proposed to achieve faster convergence during the grid reduction process, which allows for effectively handling very large-scale power grids with millions of parasitics components and thousands of ports. Our experimental results show that the proposed reduction method can reduce industrial power grid designs by up to 95% with a very satisfactory solution quality obtained in dc and transient analysis.

On the Deployment of On-Chip Noise Sensors

Runtime noise management systems can enforce power integrity without significantly increasing design margins. These systems typically respond to on-chip noise sensors to accurately capture voltage emergencies. Unfortunately, it remains an open problem in the literature how to optimally place a given number of noise sensors for best voltage emergency detection, or how to best set the threshold voltage for these sensors. In this paper, we formally define the problem of noise sensor placement along with a novel sensing quality metric to be maximized. We then put forward an efficient algorithm to solve it, which is proven to attain the best result in the class of polynomial complexity approximations. We further solve the problem to minimize the system failure rate subject to a given runtime performance loss (RPL) constraint. Experimental results on a set of industrial power grid designs show that, compared to a simple average-noise based heuristic and two state-of-the-art temperature sensor placement algorithms aimed at recovering the full map or capturing the hot spots at all times, the proposed method on average can reduce the miss rate of voltage emergency detections by 7.4x, 15x, and 6.2x, respectively. The trade-off between the system failure rate and the RPL is also presented. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the very first in-depth work on noise sensor deployment.

Digital Detection, Control, and Distribution System for Co-Phase Traction Power Supply Application

Unbalance and reactive power currents of electric railway will result in poor power quality of three-phase industrial power grid. A co-phase traction power supply system is introduced in this paper to solve these problems by adopting single-phase ac-dc-ac converter. The converter is connected between two secondary windings of traction transformer with abilities of active power transmission and reactive power compensation. Because of the power conversion, the co-phase supply system can utilize single-phase feeding connection scheme instead of traditional two-phase feeding scheme. An actual 10 MVA/27.5 kV co-phase system with impedance-matching balance transformer is designed, developed, and tested. Its real-time detection, control, and distribution algorithms with field programmable gate array-based implementation are introduced. Some test running results validate the performance of the digital controller and demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed co-phase power supply system.

Research on TWACS Interference Suppression Based on the RLS Algorithm

TWACS (Two Way Automatic Communication System) has advantages such as economical and practical use, strong interference capability, long transmission distance and so on. But the noise in China's industrial distribution power grid owns the characters of strong interference randomness and even annihilation of the modulated signal. So the noise has a negative impact on power line communication performance. While the adaptive filter does not need to know in advance on the statistical characteristics of the input signal and noise, and has nothing to do with the spectral characteristics of the input signal. Based on this, it’s premised that the modulation signal is basically known, and the signal beyond modulation domain is regarded as reference signal to design an adaptive filter applied to TWACS by referring to the block diagram of the adaptive filter model to adjust the variable parameters of the RLS algorithm. Finally, the field test signal simulations show good effect of the adaptive filter design