Industrial Effluent Water Research Articles

Biodegradation of P-nitro phenol using a novel bacterium Achromobacter denitrifacians isolated from industrial effluent water.

In the present investigation, Achromobacter denitrifacians was isolated from industrial wastewater and used in the degradation of para nitro-phenol. Experiments were made as a function of different carbon sources, organic and inorganic nitrogen sources and metal ions to analyse the removal efficiency of para nitro-phenol present in the industrial wastewater sources. Observations revealed that the rate of phenol biodegradation was significantly affected by pH, temperature of incubation, glucose, peptone and metal ion concentration. The optimal conditions for phenol removal were found to be pH of 7.5, temperature, 35 °C and 0.25 gL-1 supplemented glucose level, 0.25 gL-1 supplemented peptone level, and 0.01 gL-1 zinc ion. The key importance of the present study is the utilization of a native bacterial strain isolated from the industrial effluent water itself having an impending role in the bioremediation process of phenol.

Reductive photocatalytic degradation of toxic aniline blue dye using green synthesized banyan aerial root extract derived silver nanoparticles

Herein we are reporting the reductive degradation of aniline blue dye using banyan aerial root extract derived silver nanoparticles (B-AgNPs) as catalyst. We have synthesized B-AgNPs by green root method. The characterization of synthesized B-AgNPs was done using HR-TEM, UV–vis spectral, Total Organic Carbon, FT-IR and XRD techniques. The SPR band was obtained around 445 nm. Crystal structure of B-AgNPs was observed using XRD pattern. The stability of 25.6 nm sized B-AgNPs was found to be beyond four months. Finally, the synthesized B-AgNPs was applied as a photocatalytic degradation catalyst of aniline blue dye with NaBH 4 as a reducing agent. The catalytic activity was systematically monitored using UV–Visible spectrophotometry. The catalytic efficiency was calculated to be 91.76%. Moreover, the synthesized B-AgNPs were used as a catalyst for the efficient degradation of dye effluent in the dye industry. We have applied the synthesized B-AgNPs as a catalyst for the effective degradation of industrial dye wastewater. Moreover, we have proposed the possible degradation mechanism. • A facile synthesize of AgNPs using banyan aerial root extract by green method. • B-AgNPs was used as photocatalyst for the degradation of toxic aniline blue dye. • The degradation mechanism was well discussed. • B-AgNPs was applied for the degradation of aniline blue dye containing industrial effluent water.

Testing Water Quality Based on Genetic Diversity Analysis of Protein Banding Pattern

This study was conducted to analyze water quality from different resources using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to separate protein bands as a biomarker system for evaluating water quality. Onion roots were used as a bioindicator for testing water quality , in addition to different water resources included Nile water, agricultural drainage water from Khafr El- Sheikh Governorate and Menyet EL- Nasr center and industrial water effluents resulted from chemical fertilizer industry. All treatment of water demonstrated a great variations in the number of polymorphic bands such appearance and disappearance, staining intensity and relative electrophoretic mobility of bands. The Nile water treatment showed two specific bands which do not appeared in all of drainage water. The intensity of protein bands was decreased in high quality water from the Nile river in relation to other water resources which showed intensity response to less quality water. This indicated that intensity of protein bands was responded to less water quality. The maximum intensity was shown in the treatment with industrial drainage water. The results suggested that protein pattern separated by SDS – PAGE can be used a biomolecular marker for testing water quality. Therefore, protein profile seemed to be a suitable tool for screening water quality depending on the number of specific bands appeared in the treatment of high water quality which disappeared in less water quality. In addition to the intensity of bands which showed response to less water quality as seen in industrial wastewater which appeared more intensity of protein bands than other water resources tested in this study.

A Validated SPE-UPLC-DAD Method for Quantification of Parabens in Industrial Waste Effluent Water Samples by Using Activated Carbon Nanofiber Modified Filter Paper

The present work describes a sensitive, simple, cost-effective and fast analytical procedure to detect the parabens in industrial waste effluent water samples using novel activated carbon nanofiber (CNF) modified filter paper based solid phase extraction technique coupled with liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (UPLC-PDA). The carbon nanofiber coated filter paper was used as an adsorbent and also characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) showed superior porous structure. Various factors effecting the adsorption and desorption process were studied. The optimum parameters which improve the efficiency are paper length 1 cm × 2 cm, adsorption time 15 min, eluent methanol, eluent volume 5 mL, sample pH 7, desorption time 2 min, 2% salt addition and 300 rpm stirring rate respectively. The parabens exhibited superior linearity ranging from 0.1-50 ng mL-1. The regression coefficient (R2) value ranging from 0.9981-0.9989. This method exhibited good sensitivity with the quantification limit (LOQ) between 0.5-0.75 ng mL-1 and detection limit (LOD) over the range of 0.1-0.25 ng mL-1. The precision was expressed from the RSDs values from 0.74-0.97 %. The spiked analytes revealed excellent recoveries in the range of 95.30-116.72 % with RSD less than 5.72 % for all the water samples also applied for real samples.

Methods of Reactive Red 141 Dye Decolorization, Treatment, and Removal from Industrial Wastewaters: A Critical Review

Reactive Red 141 (RR141) is a diazo reactive dye with bright red color, high molecular weight (1,774.15 g/mol), large molecular structure (C52H26Cl2N14Na8O26S8), and several reactive groups. It is a source of water contamination, because of its wide use in industry and potential toxicity. The purpose of this work is to compare different treatment methods applied to industrial water effluents polluted, especially, by this dye. Recently, several research articles have been published on decolorization of RR141 in wastewater effluents. From this survey, nanofiltration membranes prepared through single bilayer polyelectrolyte deposition and electrocoagulation appeared to be the best method, being able to ensure the highest percentage removal (99.9%) of RR141 within an application time of only about 11 min under optimum operating conditions. Nonetheless, other treatments appeared to be quite promising because of their ability to destroy the contaminant rather than simply remove it. Among them, the photo–Fenton reaction was shown to ensure the most effective chemical degradation (98%) of RR141 from aqueous solution within 30 min using CuFeO2 as a catalyst, and Bacillus lentus BI377 its best biodegradation (99.1%) within 6 h. Further development of these methods is expected to allow more effective full-scale applications than the current ones to remove or degrade these contaminants from wastewater in the future, with a focus on RR141.

Assessment of Industrial Influent and Effluent Water Quality at a Bottling Company in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria

his study assessed water sources (treated water, pond water and harvested rain water) and effluents discharge from a bottling company, Aba, Abia State. A single factor experiment in randomized complete block designs with three replications was used to assess the physicochemical properties of water at various sources. The result shows that pond water and rain water gave significantly the highest and least N and P contents respectively (N: 33.60-5.60 mg/L; P: 12.40-10.30 mg/L). The K contents of the various water point sources were significantly higher as follows: Pond water > Effluent water > Rain water > Treated water (6.50 > 0.30 > 0.20 > 0.20). Pond water was statistically highest in Mg contents when compared to other sources. The Fe contents were significantly higher as follows: Effluent water > Rain water > Treated water > Pond water, while Fe content in pond water wasn’t significantly higher when compared to its content in Rain water. Pond water and treated water were significantly the highest and least (P<0.05) in organic matter (OM) and Organic Carbon (OC) contents respectively. No significant differences existed between color intensity and turbidity values of the various water point sources. Effluent water from the industry and pond water were significantly the least in DO values respectively. Rain water and pond water were significantly the least in BOD concentrations. Effluent water was significantly the highest in TSS values, while the least TSS values were significantly recorded for Treated water and Rain water.

Resolving unknown isomers of emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in environmental samples using COSMO-RS-derived retention factor and mass fragmentation patterns

Chromatographic retention factors (k) and mass spectral fragmentation patterns of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were determined using the optimized parameters in liquid chromatography with tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis. Characteristic fragment ions obtained at various collision energies (MS2 fragmentation) were used to determine the structures of newly discovered (emerging) PFASs detected from industrial effluent and surface water samples. Moreover, COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Realistic Solvents (COSMO-RS) derived octanol-water partition coefficients (Kow), along with mean isotropic polarizabilities calculated from Density Functional Theory (DFT), of known PFASs were plotted against their experimental k values (kexp) to obtain a multivariable regression model that can be used to predict k values of unknown PFASs. The k values of different structural isomers of unknown PFASs were calculated and compared to kexp. The predicted k value for the isomer that matches the MS2 fragmentation observed was found to be within 4.2 % of kexp. This study demonstrates the applicability of an approach that combines the observed MS2 fragmentation patterns and k values, together with computationally-derived log Kow and polarizabilities, in assigning the structures of unknown PFASs at environmentally relevant conditions when no reference standards are available.

Utilization of Treated Industrial Effluent Water (TIEW) in Concrete Technology for Construction Purpose Instead of Using Tap/Fresh Water(TW)

Utilization of Treated Industrial Effluent Water (TIEW) in Concrete Technology for Construction Purpose Instead of Using Tap/Fresh Water(TW)

Photocatalytic Degradation of Aqueous Rhodamine 6G Using Supported TiO2 Catalysts. A Model for the Removal of Organic Contaminants From Aqueous Samples.

As a model for the removal of complex organic contaminants from industrial water effluents, the heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamin 6G was studied using TiO2-derived catalysts, incorporated in water as suspension as well as supported in raschig rings. UV and Visible light were tested for the photo-degradation process. TiO2 catalysts were synthesized following acid synthesis methodology and compared against commercial TiO2 catalyst samples (Degussa P25 and Anatase). The bandgap (Eg) of the TiO2 catalysts was determined, were values of 2.97 and 2.98 eV were obtained for the material obtained using acid and basic conditions, respectively, and 3.02 eV for Degussa P25 and 3.18 eV for anatase commercial TiO2 samples. Raschig rings-supported TiO2 catalysts display a good photocatalytic performance when compared to equivalent amounts of TiO2 in aqueous suspension, even though a large surface area of TiO2 material is lost upon support. This is particularly evident by taking into account that the characteristics (XRD, RD, Eg) and observed photodegradative performance of the synthesized catalysts are in good agreement with the commercial TiO2 samples, and that the RH6G photodegradation differences observed with the light sources considered are minimal in the presence of TiO2 catalysts. The presence of additives induce changes in the kinetics and efficiency of the TiO2-catalyzed photodegradation of Rh6G, particularly when white light is used in the process, pointing toward a complex phenomenon, however the stability of the supported photocatalytic systems is acceptable in the presence of the studied additives. In line with this, the magnitude of the chemical oxygen demand, indicates that, besides the different complex photophysical processes taking place, the endproducts of the considered photocatalytic systems appears to be similar.

Neural network model of the process of supercritical water oxidation of utilization of industrial effluent water

In order to create a complex of control and prediction of optimal reaction conditions with a minimum value of chemical oxygen demand, a neural network model of supercritical water oxidation of industrial effluent water utilization process of hydroperoxide epoxidation of propylene at PJSC “Nizhnekamskneftekhim” was created. A full application Windows Forms, which implemented functions of loading a training sample from a file, setting the necessary training accuracy, entering a vector for obtaining results of neural network operation and graph plotting, was created.

EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT: A CASE STUDY OF PATTOKI, DISTRICT KASUR, PAKISTAN

Pakistan being an agricultural country greatly depends on the water. Intense agriculture and ever-increasing population growth have created stress on the limited water resources of the country. Therefore, use of industrial discharge effluent and sewage water for irrigation is a common practice. Realizing the situation of safe disposal of wastewater in Pattoki to minimize the public risks of indiscriminate disposal of wastewater, Punjab government and Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) constructed a wastewater treatment plant at Pattoki district Kasur. The purpose of this study is to check the efficiency of wastewater being treated by the treatment plant in compliance with the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) and to check the efficiency of functional components of treatment plant. Water samples were collected from various points of the treatment plant in order to perform various onsite and laboratory test (DO, BOD5, COD, Chloride, TSS, and PH) to check the efficiency of the wastewater treatment plant. The results obtained for each water quality parameters (physical, chemical, and biological) were compared with National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS). The recommended value of DO was greater than 2 mg/liter, BOD5, COD, Chlorides, TSS and PH by PEQS were less than 80 mg/liter, 150 mg/liter, 1000 mg/liter, 150 mg/liter and 6.5-9 respectively. The measured values of DO, BOD5, COD, Chlorides, TSS and PH were 0.3 mg/liter, 310 mg/liter, 48 mg/liter, 1760 mg/liter, 204 mg/liter and 8.3 respectively. The values of DO, BOD5 and TSS are not within PEQS recommended range. More facultative and anaerobic ponds should be constructed in order to treat total wastewater generated in Pattoki, as present plant is treating almost one fourth of total wastewater generated in Pattoki. Aerators should be provided at the aerobic ponds for improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment plant. Effluent from the treatment plant can be used for floriculture conjunctively with fresh water. Moreover, the concentration of physio-chemical parameters in the effluent also decreases after mixing the water available in drain. To some extent it also reduces the infiltration of dangerous components (as drain is not lined with concrete) present in wastewater that may contaminate the ground water or may have hazardous effects on quality of soil present in field. However, further studies are required to evaluate chemical parameters or heavy metals like arsenic, fluorides, chromium, zinc etc.

A model free dissolved oxygen controller for industry effluent using hybrid variables measuring technique

<p>The present scenario of the world relays on water scarcity, enormous amount of water is needed for people but the world has pollution which makes a great effect. Water is polluted due to various reasons such as industrial waste, sewage, and global warming and oil pollution and mainly polluted due to industrial effluent waste water. The main objective of this paper is to control the dissolved oxygen of the industrial waste water by measuring turbidity and dissolved oxygen (DO). Turbidity is measured through the intensity of the light through the medium in Nephelometric unit (NTU) and dissolved oxygen is measured in PPM through amperometic electrode method. The controller is designed to improve the quality of the effluent water through the aeration process. The very low concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) level is too harmful to the aquatic ecosystem and it pollutes the water to the maximum extent. This measurement method of turbidity has an enhanced idea which processed with the software and it is monitored. The controller is designed as such with the condition of inverse proportionality of water turbidity and dissolved oxygen, which contributes an additive advantage to the concept design.</p>

Sensitive and selective heavy metal ion, Mn2+ sensor development based on the synthesized (E)-N′-chlorobenzylidene-benzenesulfonohydrazide (CBBSH) molecules modified with nafion matrix

A set of (E)-N′-chlorobenzylidene-benzenesulfonohydrazide (CBBSH) molecules were synthesized using a condensation method from the derivatives of chlorobenzaldehyde and benzenesulfonylhydrazine in a medium yield which crystallized in EtOH. CBBSH derivatives were characterized using highly refined spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, FESEM, and UV–Vis. Structure of the CBBSH compounds was confirmed using a single crystal X-ray diffraction technique (SCXRDT) and applied for the potential detection of selective heavy metal ion (HMI), manganese ion (Mn2+) by using reliable electrochemical method. A small layer of CBBSH was deposited onto a smooth GCE with coating binder in order to modify a sensitive and selective Mn2+ sensor. Analytical parameters such as sensitivity, LOD, LOQ of the modified sensor (3-CBBSH/GCE) toward Mn2+ were calculated from the calibration curve (CC) as 1270.0pAμM−1cm−2, ≈10.0pM, and 335.0mM respectively. This prospective 3-CBBSH/GCE sensor used to the selective measurement of Mn2+ in spiked real samples for example industrial effluent and various water samples (red sea, surface, and tap), and found acceptable and rational results.

Determination of Trace Amount of Lead in Industrial and Municipal Effluent Water Samples Based on Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Extraction

In this study, a simple, sensitive and accurate method was developed for the determination of lead ion by combining ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid extraction (IL-DLLE) with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TETD), acetone and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [(C8MIM) (PF6)] were used as the chelating agent, dispersive and extraction solvent, respectively. Under the optimal onditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 5-190 μg L-1 of lead and the detection limit was 0.8 μg L-1 with a sample volume of 200 mL. The proposed method was validated by the analysis of one certified reference material and applied successfully to the determination of lead in real water samples.

Trivalent Y3+ ionic sensor development based on (E)-Methyl-N\u2032-nitrobenzylidene-benzenesulfonohydrazide (MNBBSH) derivatives modified with nafion matrix

(E)-Methyl-N′-nitrobenzylidene-benzenesulfonohydrazide (MNBBSH) compounds were synthesized using a condensation procedure from the derivatives of nitrobenzaldehyde and 4-Methyl-benzenesulfonylhydrazine, which crystallized in ethanol and methanol as well as characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. MNBBSH structure was confirmed using a single crystal X-ray diffraction technique and used for the detection of selective yttrium ion (Y3+) by I-V system. A thin layer of MNBBSH was deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with 5% nafion for the sensitive and selective Y3+ sensor. The modified MNBBSH/GCE sensor is exhibited the better electrochemical performances such as sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD), linear dynamic range (LDR), limit of quantification (LOQ), short response time, and long term storage ability towards the selective metal ion (Y3+). The calibration curve of 2-MNBBSH/GCE sensor was plotted at +1.1 V over a broad range of Y3+ concentration. Sensitivity, LOD, LDR and LOQ of the fabricated sensor towards Y3+ were calculated from the calibration curve and found as 1.90 pAμM−1 cm−2, 10.0 pM, 1.0 nM~1.0 mM and 338.33 mM respectively. The 2-MNBBSH/Nafion/GCE sensor was applied to the selective determination of Y3+ in spiked samples such as industrial effluent and real water samples from different sources, and found acceptable and reasonable results.

Effect of industrial effluent on soil properties, essential nutrient and pollutant element status of soils and plants in a vegetable growing near Jajmau industrial area of Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Effect of continuous irrigation with industrial effluent for more than three decades on soil physical, physico-chemical properties; and major, secondary and micronutrient with pollutant element status of soils and plants in Jajmau area of Kanpur city of Uttar Pradesh was ascertained. Long term alone use of industrial effluent for growing crops, particularly vegetables, may result in the uptake of toxic metals by crop plants, with the chance of their access into the food chain. While the use of industrial effluent with alternate irrigated with well water, the physical properties of soils were observed to be improved. An appreciable increase in organic carbon; available N, P, K and micronutrients were recorded in the alternate with industrial effluent and well water irrigated soils over that of the alone Industrial effluent irrigated soils. Electrical conductivity of alternate irrigated soils was much below the threshold limit of salinity. Long-term application of industrial effluent water resulted in the accumulation of heavy metals in surface soil; the concentration of these elements is approaching the maximum permissible limits suggested. The mean content of total Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr and Pb in the soils irrigated with industrial effluent water was 1.53, 1.09, 1.12, 1.14, 1.01, 1.23 and 1.01 times as compared to their content in the alternate irrigated soils, and the concentration of these metals in sugar beet grown on industrial effluent-fed soils was higher by 1.34, 1.16, 1.32, 1.51, 1.34, 1.65 and 1.26 times, respectively. The relative availability of the metals was recorded in the order of Pb > Cu > Zn > Mn > Cr > Ni > Fe. The concentration of heavy metals in sugar beet plant grown on industrial effluent was higher as compared to their tolerance level indicating their accumulation in plants. The results suggest that industrial effluent irrigation improves soil physical properties and fertility status indicating its potential for use in agriculture. However, accumulation of heavy metals in soil and plant necessitates its safer use of alternate industrial effluent with well water to safeguard soil health and reduce the risk of animal and human health hazard. Sugar beet was found more suitable in comparison to other vegetables under study and can be used for phytoremediation purposes to minimize the concentration of heavy metals in soil.

Dissolved and particulate Barium in the Ganga (Hooghly) River estuary, India: Solute-particle interactions and the enhanced dissolved flux to the oceans

In this study, the sources and the cycling of Ba have been evaluated in the Ganga (Hooghly) River estuary using the composition of the suspended sediments and the water samples collected during six seasons of contrasting water discharge over two years (2012 and 2013). In addition, the data on the samples of groundwater from areas adjacent to the estuary, and the industrial effluent water and urban wastewater draining into the estuary are presented. Selective extraction experiments were also performed on the suspended particulate matter of two seasons to assess the distribution of exchangeable concentrations of major ions and Ba. In the mixing zone, the variation patterns of the dissolved Ba concentrations show mid-salinity maxima and are similar to the patterns of variation of the particulate Mg/Al and Mg/Fe, suggesting that the production of dissolved Ba is linked to the adsorption of major ions on to the clay minerals and Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides in the particulate matter. The inference of coupled adsorption–desorption processes is supported by the observations that the particulate Ba/Mg and Ba/K ratios exhibit significant to strong negative correlations with the concentrations of Al, Fe and Mn. The observations of mid-salinity maxima for the concentrations of exchangeable Mg and K, and of the exchangeable Ba concentrations that decrease with salinity provide strong evidence that the solute-particle interactions is the major driver in regulating the dissolved Ba distributions in the estuary. The estimates of the quantity of desorbed Ba based on three different approaches suggest that desorption is sufficient to account for the calculated excess Ba (Baxs) concentrations. The contribution of Ba to the dissolved load via dissolution of the particulate carbonate phases is minor, up to 3% of the maximum Baxs concentrations. The estimates of anthropogenic contributions are insignificant, and account for ⩽2% of maximum Baxs in the estuary. Groundwater contributions are less significant and account for up to 5% of the annual Ba flux from the Hooghly estuary.The estimates of Ba flux show that annually (1.5–1.9)×107moles of Ba is transported by the Hooghly River. About (3.6–4.3)×107moles of Ba is generated annually in the estuary through desorption. Added together, the desorbed and riverine Ba fluxes generate a total Ba flux of (5.1–6.2)×107moles per year. Thus, the solute-particle interactions enhance the riverine Ba flux by >300%. A compilation of the available data shows that the enhancement of the riverine Ba flux and the fractions of desorbed Ba flux scale with (particulate matter flux/water flux) ratio in several estuaries of the world, suggesting that the process of solute-particle interactions is a major driver for the estuarine production of Ba on a global scale. Among the rivers considered in this study, the estuaries of the Hooghly River and the Ganges–Brahmaputra rivers, characterized by very high (sediment flux/water flux) ratio, depict the highest increase in the riverine Ba flux. This unique feature of the Ganga River system is inferred to be resulting from the collective impact of the tectonic activity and the monsoonal rainfall in the catchment areas.

Biodegradation of catechol by free and immobilized cells of Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain 15DKVB isolated from paper and pulp industrial effluents

Abstract The aim of the current study was to isolate and characterize a strain which could utilize catechol as sole source of carbon and energy. The strain Achromobacter xylosoxidans 15DKVB was isolated from paper and pulp industrial effluent contaminated site of Harihar. In the present study 38 bacterial strains isolated were investigated for their ability to degrade catechol in MBM at different concentrations ranging from 100 mg/L to 2000 mg/L. The taxonomic position of strain 15DKVB was studied by sequencing of 16SrRNA gene with a GenBank accession number HQ448950. The maximum-likelihood algorithm showed that, strain 15DKVB formed a coherent cluster with the clade that comprised type strains of Achromobacter genus. The optimal temperature and pH for biodegradation of catechol by strain 15DKVB were 37 °C and pH 7.5 respectively. Among the carbon and nitrogen sources tested, glucose (83.4%) and yeast extract (99.6%) showed highest catechol degradation. Interestingly the strain 15DKVB was able to degrade catechol completely up to 1600 mg/L within 198 h. Immobilization experiment demonstrated that freely suspended cells could degrade 500 mg/L catechol within 60 h of incubation, whereas, the same cell population in alginate-immobilized flask, amended with 500 mg/L catechol was degraded in 42 h. Our results evidently depict that physicochemical parameters of Harihar industrial effluents does not comply with national standards set by ISI to discharge the effluents into irrigation waters. The isolated strain 15DKVB could be a good alternative for the bioremediation of catechol contaminated paper and pulp industrial effluent water and soil. These findings may open new bioremediation applications for the degradation of catechol.

Turn-on fluorescence probe for selective detection of Hg(II) by calixpyrrole hydrazide reduced silver nanoparticle: Application to real water sample

Abstract A simple and quick method for the synthesis of water dispersible stable silver nanoparticles has been developed. Calix[4]pyrrole octahydrazide (CPOH), has been successfully used as a reducing as well as stabilizing agent for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. CPOH-AgNps have been duly characterized by SPR, PSA, TEM and EDX-ray. The ability of CPOH-AgNps as selective and sensitive sensor for various ions (Pb(II), Cd(II), Mn(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Zn(II), Hg(II), Co(II), Cu(II)) by colorimetry and spectrofluorimetry has been explored. CPOH-AgNps were found to be selective only for Hg(II) ions. Nanomolar concentration of Hg(II) ions can also be determined by spectrofluorimetry by increase in fluorescence intensity. Linear range of detection of Hg(II) ions in water was found to be from 1 nmol/L to 1 μmol/L. The method has been successfully applied for determination of Hg(II) ions in ground water and industrial effluent waste water samples.

English

Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer and renewable natural product in the biosphere. Cellulose degrading fungal strains play an important role in recycling of cellulosic materials. They have immense advantage in various industries to hydrolyze cellulosic substrates for production of various products. This study was thus aimed to isolate and characterize efficient cellulose degrading fungi from their common natural habitats. Decaying Acacia wood and industrial water effluent samples were used for isolation and screening of cellulolytic fungi. Both samples were serially diluted and cultured on cellulose basal medium (CBM) supplemented with 30 mg/L chloramphenicol as bactericidal agent. Cellulose degrading fungal isolates were selected based on their hydrolyzed zone after congo red dye stain. Among 13 initial isolates, four isolates (C, E, G, and H) were finally screened as the most efficient fungal isolates representing only degraded Acacia tree. These isolates were confirmed as Penicillium species (C), Apergillus terrus (G), Alternaria species (H) and Apergillus species (E). From this study, the decaying Acacia sample was found to be the best source for cellulolytic fungi than that of wastewater sample. Out of these isolates, the maximum zone of hydrolysis (51.33±1.53 mm) was obtained for ‘isolate E’, whereas the minimum zone of clearance (26.67±1.53 mm) was recorded for penicillium species. This study indicates the existence of potential cellulolytic fungal on decayed wood of Acacia. Hence, further molecular aided characterizations of the isolates and their enzymes are of paramount importance for their use for industrial purposes. Key words: Cellulase, cellulosic basal medium, congored, fungi, zone of hydrolysis.