Abstract
In the present investigation, Achromobacter denitrifacians was isolated from industrial wastewater and used in the degradation of para nitro-phenol. Experiments were made as a function of different carbon sources, organic and inorganic nitrogen sources and metal ions to analyse the removal efficiency of para nitro-phenol present in the industrial wastewater sources. Observations revealed that the rate of phenol biodegradation was significantly affected by pH, temperature of incubation, glucose, peptone and metal ion concentration. The optimal conditions for phenol removal were found to be pH of 7.5, temperature, 35 °C and 0.25 gL-1 supplemented glucose level, 0.25 gL-1 supplemented peptone level, and 0.01 gL-1 zinc ion. The key importance of the present study is the utilization of a native bacterial strain isolated from the industrial effluent water itself having an impending role in the bioremediation process of phenol.
Highlights
In the past few decades, the rapid increase in the population and industrialization development has resulted in environmental pollutants in air, soil and water
The various parameters used for the optimisation of phenol degradation were pH, temperature, carbon source, nitrogen source, metal ions and organic solvents, etc
The study was carried out on the effect of parameters such as pH, temperature, initial phenol concentration, carbon sources and nitrogen sources on Achromobacter denitrifacians in the phenol degradation process
Summary
In the past few decades, the rapid increase in the population and industrialization development has resulted in environmental pollutants in air, soil and water. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, if the phenol concentrations are greater than the 1.0 ppb level they are toxic to all kinds of living organisms (Kazemi et al 2014). Nowadays agro-chemical industries play a major role all over the world, releasing phenolic compounds and creating serious environmental pollution (Mohammadi et al 2015). P-nitro phenol has been listed in priority pollutants by the US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency 1992) which recommends the concentration of phenol in natural water should be ,10 mg/L. Several methods are used for the removal of phenol present in water and soil sources, but bio-remediation is more cost effective and economical (Mukherjee et al 2013).
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