Inductive Theory Research Articles

To return or not to return? Identifying VFR travel constraints during the pandemic

ABSTRACT Despite the prominence of visiting friends and relatives (VFR) travel to show strong resilience in the face of global crises, it has been one of the most underexplored tourism contexts in the literature. This study examined travel constraints of VFR travelers during the pandemic to enrich this tourism context. Using an inductive theory approach, thematic analysis of 167 online posts and 8,403 online comments from prospective Taiwanese VFR travelers living elsewhere unveiled a framework of VFR travel constraints that included six types of travel constraints for VFR tourists who have made travel-related decisions amid COVID-19. Specifically, fourteen travel constraints were identified and situated within a three (individual - family - community) two (tourist generating country - tourist receiving country) framework to understand their causes and natures. Theoretically, this study served as a pioneering attempt to link the concept of travel constraints with VFR tourism and enriched our understanding of VFR travelers’ related decision making. Practically, destination management organizations and tourism businesses should find the study findings insightful because they demonstrate ways of promoting VFR travel to foster tourism rejuvenation in the post-pandemic. Limitations and future research directions were discussed at the end of this study.

Enhancing Public Sector Digital Service Design through Pre-Commercial Procurement

This paper addresses the challenges in designing and provisioning digital services for public sector. The ongoing digitalization of public services calls for scalable models for ecosystem based collaborative service design. However, while digitalization of services has been studied extensively from technical and financial viewpoints, less focus has been devoted for the collaborative service design processes. In this paper, we present a critical analysis of an alternative approach to public sector driven ecosystem based service design. The analysis is based on a deductive review of earlier research on ecosystem based digital service design, and an inductive theory making based on a representative case study applying pre-commercial-procurement practices. The paper contributes to existing knowledgebase on ecosystem based digital service design. The managerial contribution is innovative approach to public sector service design process. The paper concludes with call for further research and practice on innovative digital service design models for public sector.

Public Enthusiasm for Integrated Islamic Schools

This article aims to express the enthusiasm of the community (parents) to entrust their children to study at the Integrated Islamic School. Since the outbreak of the Integrated Islamic School, it has emerged amid the community that not only the existence of the school is in the province but has penetrated districts and cities in Indonesia. The author's observation is that the Integrated Islamic School is the main attraction for parents to entrust their children. Even in the last five years, this school has continued to increase the number of students who register. On this basis, the author is very interested in examining what factors attract parents to send their children to this school more deeply. This research is qualitative research that seeks to capture and translate the phenomena and facts related to the Integrated Islamic Elementary School (SDIT) Permata Hati Merangin Jambi with a descriptive-analytical method, which describes what findings were obtained based on interviews, observations and documentation, then analyzed using inductive and deductive theories so that the object of the research is well represented. The results found are the enthusiastic factors of the community (parents) entrusting their children to the Integrated Islamic School, namely (1) the integration of the Religious Education curriculum with general education; it is implemented and not just a mere slogan; (2) Integrated Islamic School Implementing a full day school learning system, because this model system has many benefits, especially respect for time, and (3) Parents are personally involved actively in guiding children to learn.

Porcine-Stimulated Human Tr1 Cells Showed Enhanced Suppression in Xenoantigen Stimulation Response.

Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells play a fundamental role in maintaining and inducing immune tolerance. Our preliminary study demonstrated that an interleukin- (IL-) 10-mediated pathway is a possible regulatory mechanism underlying the xenoantigen-specific human Treg enhanced suppressive capacity. Here, we developed a feasible protocol for expanding IL-10-induced xenoantigen-specific human Tr1 cells in vitro which would be more efficient in transplantation immunotherapy efficiency. In this study, xenoantigen-specific Tr1 cells are generated from human naive CD4+ T cells expanded for two subsequent xenoantigen-stimulation cycles with recombinant human IL-10. The phenotype and suppressive capacity of xenoantigen-stimulated Tr1 cells are assessed, and the mechanism of their suppression is studied. Tr1 cells can be induced by porcine xenoantigen stimulation combined with IL-10, IL-2, and IL-15, displaying an increased expression of CD49b, CTLA-4, and LAG-3 without expressing Foxp3 which also showed an effector memory Treg phenotype and expressed high levels of CD39. After xenoantigen stimulation, the IL-10 and IL-5 gene expression in Tr1 cells increased, secreting more IL-10, and xenoantigen-stimulated Tr1 cells changed their T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ repertoire, increasing the expression of TCR Vβ2, TCR Vβ9, and TCR Vβ13. In a pig to human mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), xenoantigen-stimulated Tr1 cells displayed enhanced suppressive capacity via CD39 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, IL-5 could affect the proliferation of xenoantigen-specific Tr1 cells, but not their phenotypes' expression. This study provides a theory and feasible method for immune tolerance induction in clinical xenotransplantation.

Hypocrisy Induction: Using Chatbots to Promote COVID-19 Social Distancing.

Considering widespread resistance to COVID-19 preventive measures, the authors draw on hypocrisy induction theory to examine whether online chatbots can be used to induce hypocrisy and increase compliance with social distancing guidelines. The experiment demonstrates that when a chatbot induces hypocrisy by reminding participants that they have failed to comply with social distancing recommendations, they feel guilty about violating social norms. To reinstate confidence in their personal standards, they form favorable attitudes toward the chatbot ad and establish intentions to comply with recommendations. Interestingly, the persuasive power of hypocrisy induction differs depending on the level of anthropomorphism of the chatbot. When a humanlike chatbot reminds them of their hypocritical behavior, participants feel higher levels of guilt and act more desirably, but a machinelike chatbot is not effective for creating guilt or generating compliance.

What Makes a Consumer Redeem Digital Coupons? Behavioral Insights from Grounded Theory Approach

The growth in internet adoption has made digital coupons a popular promotional tool. However, the extant literature on digital coupons is at an embryonic stage and requires theory building. This study adopts an inductive grounded theory approach to explore the new horizons for digital coupon redemption. The results showed that the intention to search and subscribe is a key driver of redemption, while coupon proneness and coupon acquisition value are its dimensions. Social media reviews, past experience, privacy risk, and customization are more relevant today for coupon redemption. The study also proposes segmentation of coupon users into deal buyers, planners, and convenience seekers based on consumer behavior.

Does the Dome Defeat the Material Theory of Induction?

According to John D. Norton's Material Theory of Induction, all inductive inferences are justified by local facts, rather than their formal features or some grand principles of nature's uniformity. Recently, Richard Dawid (Found Phys 45(9):1101–1109, 2015) has offered a challenge to this theory: in an adaptation of Norton's own celebrated "Dome" thought experiment, it seems that there are certain inductions that are intuitively reasonable, but which do not have any local facts that could serve to justify them in accordance with Norton's requirements. Dawid's suggestion is that “raw induction” might have a limited but important role for such inferences. I argue that the Material Theory can accommodate such inductions, because there are local facts concerning the combinatoric features of the induction’s target populations that can licence the inferences in an analogous way to existing examples of material induction. Since my arguments are largely independent of the details of the Dome, Norton's theory emerges as surprisingly robust against criticisms of excessive narrowness.

Animal Signals, Music and Emotional Well-Being.

Simple SummaryAnimal signals can convey information about the animal’s state, but these signals can also be used to influence the behavior of others through emotional contagion. Music can influence the emotional state of human listeners and has also been used therapeutically with a variety of captive species including pets. However, the successful use of music to influence the well-being of animals must be based on an understanding of the natural communication signals of the species including the frequency range and tempos of its own communication signals. Furthermore, different types of music can induce different emotional states. In this paper, I review work using music to influence animal emotion, physiology and behavior, and I outline a theory of emotional induction that predicts what types of music stimuli are likely to influence different emotions and behavior. I will illustrate this with some examples of animal-based music. The use of music to influence the emotional well-being of our pets, farm animals and in zoological parks depends on our understanding the communication system of other species and the variety of emotional states that can be induced through different types of music. My goal is to help those managing animal facilities or advising pet owners to be more aware of the issues involved in using music with animals, as well as provide advice to researchers investigating effects of music on animals.Playing music or natural sounds to animals in human care is thought to have beneficial effects. An analysis of published papers on the use of human-based music with animals demonstrates a variety of different results even within the same species. These mixed results suggest the value of tailoring music to the sensory systems of the species involved and in selecting musical structures that are likely to produce the desired effects. I provide a conceptual framework based on the combined knowledge of the natural communication system of a species coupled with musical structures known to differentially influence emotional states, e.g., calming an agitated animal versus stimulating a lethargic animal. This new concept of animal-based music, which is based on understanding animal communication, will lead to more consistent and specific effects of music. Knowledge and appropriate use of animal-based music are important in future research and applications if we are to improve the well-being of animals that are dependent upon human care for their survival.

Patterning uncertainty: partial likeness, analogy and likelihood

Abstract This paper examines the role of similarity judgements in Keynes’s theory of analogy as discussed in the Treatise on Probability (Keynes, 1921) and outlines a conceptual framework in which induction by analogy based on the identification of partial resemblances leads to likelihood as the central disposition by which human actors assign a pattern to uncertainty. The structure of the paper is as follows. Section 2 discusses Keynes’ view of analogy as the foundation of inductive inference. Section 3 outlines a theory of similarity based on Keynes’s criteria of finite variety and negative analogy. Section 4 highlights the relationship between a similarity-based theory of induction and Keynes’ ontological view that similarity features derive from a finite number of ‘generator properties’. Section 5 examines the social structuring of similarity features and the active role of agents in constructing the inductive knowledge of the world they inhabit. Section 6 brings the paper to close by calling attention to the relationship between dispositions, circumstantial visualisation of similarity features and problem-solving actions in the world of practice.

Study on the Joint Toxicity of BPZ, BPS, BPC and BPF to Zebrafish.

Bisphenol Z (BPZ), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol C (BPC), and bisphenol F (BPF) had been widely used as alternatives to bisphenol A (BPA), but the toxicity data of these bisphenol analogues were very limited. In this study, the joint toxicity of BPZ, BPS, BPC, and BPF to zebrafish (Danio rerio) was investigated. The median half lethal concentrations (LC50) of BPZ, BPS, BPC, and BPF to zebrafish for 96 h were 6.9 × 105 µM, 3.9 × 107 µM, 7.1 × 105 µM, and1.6 × 106 µM, respectively. The joint toxicity effect of BPF–BPC (7.7 × 105–3.4 × 105µM) and BPZ–BPC (3.4 × 105–3.5 × 105µM) with the same toxic ratio showed a synergistic effect, which may be attributed to enzyme inhibition or induction theory. While the toxicity effect of the other two bisphenol analogue combined groups and multi-joint pairs showed an antagonistic effect due to the competition site, other causes need to be further explored. Meanwhile, the expression levels of the estrogen receptor genes (ERα, ERβ1) and antioxidant enzyme genes (SOD, CAT, GPX) were analyzed using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in zebrafish exposure to LC50 of BPZ, BPS, BPC, and BPF collected at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Relative expression of CAT, GPX, and ERβ1 mRNA declined significantly compared to the blank control, which might be a major cause of oxidant injury of antioxidant systems and the disruption of the endocrine systems in zebrafish.

Corrosion fault identification model of substation grounding grid based on PSO-LS-SVM

As one of the important equipment to ensure the normal operation of substation, the performance of grounding grid has been highly concerned. In recent years, researchers propose that the theory of electromagnetic induction can be used to diagnose and identify the corrosion fault of substation grounding grid. In this paper, a fault classification model based on LS-SVM optimized by PSO is proposed to identify the corrosion fault of grounding grid. Firstly, the wavelet packet transform principle is used to filter the original data, and the wavelet packet energy is used to construct the fault eigenvalue as the input of the fault classification model. Based on LS-SVM, a corrosion fault classification model is constructed, and particle swarm optimization method is used to optimize the parameters of the model, which solves the problem of traditional SVM parameter optimization. Through the practical application in substation, the model proposed in this paper can identify the corrosion of grounding grid conductor without excavation and power failure, which provides an effective scheme for engineering application.

How to advance theory through literature reviews in logistics and supply chain management

PurposeThe discipline's most common uses for literature reviews—identifying gaps, developing research agendas, and categorizing the literature—too often fail to challenge, change or advance theoretical perspectives. The authors offer guidance to theorization through literature reviews. The key to theory advancement is consistency between the state of theory and the chosen review type.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual approach is taken. The authors identify shortcomings in literature reviews of logistics and supply chain management (L&SCM) research and develop a framework to aid theorization from literature.FindingsLiterature review types are categorized as inductive theory building, contextualized explanations, theory testing and interpretive sensemaking. The authors argue that the effectiveness of a review type depends on the prior state of theory, which ranges from nascent, to intermediate, to mature. The authors propose the interpretive sensemaking review as a novel review type rooted in the interpretive paradigm.Practical implicationsThis study should be of immediate interest and value to logistics and supply chain management scholars—as well as scholars in other fields—because it offers a pathway to theory development through literature reviews. Appropriate applications of the proposed review types will result in more comprehensive theories.Originality/valueThis article lays down arguments for the need to change the way L&SCM scholars use literature reviews. It extends earlier work from the authors (Durach et al., 2017; A New Paradigm for Systematic Literature Reviews in Supply Chain Management, Journal of Supply Chain Management) by outlining four review types, and offering further insights to theorization, as is typically the goal in the synthesis step of literature reviews.

INDEPENDENSI MEDIA TEMPO DAN PENGARUH EKONOMI POLITIK DALAM PRAKTIK STRUKTURASI

This research focused on how Tempo editors apply the principles of independence, maintain credibility, and maintain the integrity of journalists as a media business strategy in the digital age. It is no secret that in the media newsroom there are often conflicts, namely the pull between business interests and editorial attitudes. The opposition heats up as newsroom authorities deal with marketing, advertising sections, business development sections, as well as shareholders in news products. The purpose of this study is to see how the negotiation process and compromise the interests of it. At the end of the day, there are those who win and lose. Research using qualitative method with descriptive approach. In describing the findings, researchers will use inductive theory as a tool of hypothesis, observation, and analysis of Tempo practices applying independence in the influence of political economy structure. The researchers' findings state that in maintaining integrity as an effort to uphold the independence of Tempo is not easy to intervene by anyone when making a report on journalistic products.

Real-time implementation of ring based saturated core fault current limiter to improve fault ride through capability of DFIG system

Enhancement of fault ride-through (FRT) capability in doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) system is presented in this paper. The saturated core fault current limiter (SCFCL) works on the behaviour of magnetic field induction theory. It is composed of the ferromagnetic core with three limb construction, where both side limbs are surrounded with AC coil and middle limb with DC coil. For the application of restrictive fault, the ideal SCFCL can work for only low-power rating machines. But for the machine higher power rating, the ideal SCFCL has a drawback of developing heat across the limbs, which can damage the insulation of the coils. To overcome this glitch, the embedding of the copper ring across center limb and using forced-air cooling in SCFCL is used. This ring-based SCFCL (RSCFCL) is placed across the stator of DFIG system, which helps in minimizing fault current during any grid disturbances. Having low impedance during normal condition, it can be located permanently in the system without disturbing its stability. The feasibility of ideal SCFCL and RSCFCL is validated by studying the characteristics using thermal radiation under normal and fault conditions. The use of infrared imaging helps to monitor the thermographic patterns of the core on several conditions. The performance of RSCFCL is analyzed with the help of experimental setup and real-time simulator OPAL-RT 4510. Also, to check its effectiveness, it is used for FRT capability in the DFIG system application.

Research on efficiency optimization control strategy of WPT system based on optimal load matching

Aiming at the problem that the transmission efficiency of SS-compensated MCR-WPT (Magnetic resonance wireless power transmission) is affected by load changes, this paper uses mutual inductance theory to analyze the equivalent circuit model, obtains the relationship between load and transmission efficiency, and proposes a controllable rectifier bridge for load matching, the front-end cascaded buck converter makes the output voltage regulation control scheme. Finally, modeling and simulation are used to verify the correctness of the load matching theory and control strategy.

Force and energy in gravitational field

This is the second paper of the induction theory of gravitational field. In the first paper, a new space-time view, which considers the influence of gravity, was constructed. In the new view of time and space, classical mechanics no longer holds. In this paper, the theory of mechanics and energy is established in the new space-time relation. In this paper, the basic mechanical law in the new space-time relationship is derived from the inertial force of the observed object relative to the reference object. Second, according to this basic law, the new formulas of gravitation and electromagnetic force in the space-time relationship are derived. Third, the influence of the moving of the observation object on the force is discussed. Finally, the new law of mass energy conversion is discussed.

Research on Tradeoff between Power and Efficiency of Wireless Power Transfer via Magnetic Resonance Coupling

Focusing on the tradeoff problem between the output power and transmission efficiency of magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission (MCRWPT) system, this paper firstly analyzes the series–series topology system by using the mutual inductance theory of concentrated parameters, and proposes the concept of power-efficiency composite function by using the method of normalization of output power and then the WPT system is assigned a weight factor. Based on that, the calculation expression of the optimal resonant frequency is obtained. The correctness of theoretical analysis is verified by simulation and experimental platform, which provides a useful reference for further improvement of power-efficiency synchronization and energy saving.

Exploring digital servitization trajectories within product–service–software space

PurposeThis study shows various pathways manufacturers can take when embarking on digital servitization (DS) journeys. It builds on the DS and modularity literature to map the strategic trajectories of product–service–software (PSSw) configurations.Design/methodology/approachThe study is exploratory and based on the inductive theory building method. The empirical data were gathered through a workshop with focus groups of 15 servitization manufacturers (with 22 respondents), an on-site workshop (in-depth case study), semi-structured interviews, observations and document study of archival data.FindingsThe DS trajectories are idiosyncratic and dependent on design architectures of PSSw modules, balancing choices between standardization and innovation. The adoption of software systems depends on the maturity of the industry-specific digital ecosystem. Decomposition and integration of PSSw modules facilitate DS transition through business model modularity. Seven testable propositions are presented.Research limitations/implicationsWith the small sample size from different industries and one in-depth case study, generalizing the findings was not possible.Practical implicationsThe mapping exercise is powerful when top management from different functional departments can participate together to share their expertise and achieve consensus. It logs the “states” that the manufacturer undergoes over time.Originality/valueThe Digital Servitization Cube serves as a conceptual framework for manufacturers to systematically map and categorize their current and future PSSw strategies. It bridges the cross-disciplinary theoretical discussion in DS.

Propagation of electromagnetic wave in gravitational field

This paper is the third part of the induction theory of gravitational field. It mainly discusses some propagation characteristics of electromagnetic wave in the space-time constructed in the first paper [Y. Yi, Phys. Essays 33, 219 (2020)]. In this paper, a new definition of the basic properties of electromagnetic wave is given at first. Second, the photoelectric effect is explained by the new electromagnetic wave properties. Then, the propagation law of electromagnetic wave in space-time is discussed. Finally, the propagation law of electromagnetic wave in axisymmetric gravitational field is analyzed. According to the analysis in this paper, the propagation path of electromagnetic wave is unique in the spherical symmetric gravitational field, while the propagation path of electromagnetic wave in the axisymmetric gravitational field is related to the wavelength. This is the difference between the induction theory of gravitational field and the existing theory, which can be used to verify the theory of gravitational field induction.

What induction is (and what it should not be): A concepts-centric perspective on Norton’s radium chloride example

I argue that Norton’s reconstruction of an example inductive inference in Ch.1 of The Material Theory of Induction mischaracterizes scientific induction by treating the ampliation as separable (and separated) from that inherent in conceptualization per se—effectively severing the putative ampliation from its putative warrant. I sketch an alternative analysis in which ampliation and warrant remain closely coupled through a common root in the primary conceptualizations.