Inductance Parameters Research Articles

Dependence of Continuous-Discontinuous Conduction Mode Boundary on Gate Pulse Shift in Coupled Inductor Single-Input Dual-Output Boost Converter

The coupled inductor single-input dual output (SIDO) converters can supply two different output voltages from one input voltage with reduced component counts, reduced losses, and increased efficiency. Inversely coupled inductors enhance the advantages by reducing the core and overall converter sizes. The CI-SIDO boost converters operate in three modes– continuous conduction mode (CCM), discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and CCM/DCM boundary. Due to simple load-independent control, the CCM is preferred more for operating CI-SIDO converters. This paper introduces the method of lowering the CCM/DCM boundary, thus, widening the CCM range of the converter by shifting the gate pulse. The commonly used method of reducing the CCM/DCM boundary current is increasing the inductance values, which is not preferred due to the increased size of the core and the converter. The paper presents the shift of gate pulses to reduce the boundary current of the CI-SIDO boost without changing inductance or any other circuit element. The gate pulse shift where maximum reduction takes place is found analytically. The proposed method is experimentally verified for all possible voltages and coupled inductor parameters. The presented experiments observed the percentage reduction in CCM/DCM boundary current is up to 91.67%.

Inductance Analysis of Transverse Flux Linear Synchronous Motor for Maglev Trains Considering Three-Dimensional Operating Conditions

Despite the availability of powerful finite element method (FEM) tools, an accurate and fast analysis method is needed in the early design stage to find an initial motor design structure with the expected performance. When it is applied to maglev trains, inductance of the transverse flux linear synchronous motor (TFLSM) is affected by the cogging structure, the change of air gap length and the variation of lateral offset. Therefore, the analytical method of inductance in the TFLSM is different compared to that in the conventional rotating field winding motors. The three-dimensional (3-D) analysis models for obtaining inductance parameters are comprehensively introduced in this paper. The results of the inductance analytical calculation are verified and evaluated in light of the FEM simulation results and the prototype measurements.

ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL OF THE PENETRATION OF DRUGS INTO BIOLOGICAL TISSUES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD

The processes of assessment and control of the penetration of drugs into biological tissues under the influence of a magnetic field are investigated and systematically analysed.The aim of the work is to improve the methods for assessing magnetic field penetration and to develop new automated systems for optimising the penetration of drugs into tissues. The paper presents a mathematical model for estimating the depth of penetration of drugs into the biological environment and experimental studies of the influence of magnetic field parameters on the depth of penetration of drugs into biological tissues, followed by an analysis of the results. The features of the mathematical model of drug penetration through the cell membrane are considered in detail, and factorssuch as physical properties of the membrane, magnetic field parameters, temperature changes, and ion concentration are taken into account.The proposed model allows to effectively take into account the interaction of various factors with the value of magnetic induction. The influence of diffusion processes on the regulation of metabolism in cellular systems is highlighted and their role in the penetration of drugs through the skin is considered. A model describing the penetration of drugs into biological tissues through the parameters of magnetic induction is presented. It is noted that the study of the penetration of drugs into biological tissues is important for pharmaceutical research and the development of new methods of drug delivery.The model presented in this paper can serve as a powerful tool for optimising the parameters of magnetic therapy systems and improving the effectiveness of treatment. A methodology for studying the penetration of drugs and conducting experiments to assess and measure the depth of penetration is presented. The obtained research results can be used to further improve magnetic therapy methods and develop new treatment strategies.

The influence of powdery mildew (Sawadaea bicornis (Wallr.) Miyabe) on chlorophyll fluorescence in Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) seedlings

The article presents the results of research on impact of Sawadaea bicornis (Wallr.) Miyabe on the state of photosynthetic apparatus in Acer platanoides L. seedlings using a technique of chlorophyll fluorescence induction (ChlF) measurement, which at the present time can be implemented through the use of biosensors. The research was conducted in September 2022 in the territory of the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University. To diagnose a violation of the native chlorophyll photosynthesis in fresh leaves of A. platanoides, a portable fluorometer “Floratest” was used (selected spectral range for fluorescence intensity measurement was 670–800 nm). The research was carried out on fresh leaves of Norway maple seedlings both not unaffected and affected with powdery mildew. Analysis of the data obtained indicates a high sensitivity of the parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence induction to damage by the disease regardless of environmental conditions of local growth of A. platanoides seedlings. The high informativeness of induction changes in chlorophyll fluorescence in the structural organization of chloroplasts in Norway maple leaves determined by the parameters Fo, Fm, Fv, Fv/Fо, Fv/Fm, (Fm–Fst)/Fst, (Fp–Fо)/Fv was revealed. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of using the studied chlorophyll fluorescence parameters to detect severe stress in Norway maple seedlings caused by powdery mildew exposure when the fungus affects more than 50% of the leaf blade area. It is further necessary to conduct dynamic studies throughout the growing season to determine the effectiveness of using these parameters to detect mild stress in the early stages of infection. Therefore, our research showed that the method of induction of chlorophyll fluorescence using the “Floratest” device allows you to quickly determine the general condition of the plant by evaluating photosynthesis, which is the main life process. Analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters is a powerful and effective tool for determining the effect of a parasitic fungus on a plant.

ANALYTICAL CALCULATION OF MAGNETOELECTRIC VALVE MOTOR AND DEFINITION INDUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF ITS WINDINGS

To implement the dynamic properties of the designed valve motors and achieve the proper quality of transient processes in the drives of complex mechanisms, it is necessary to study their electromagnetic and functional characteristics with the calculation of the inductive parameters of the windings.
 
 The purpose of the study is to study the electromagnetic and functional characteristics of the magnetoelectric valve motor and determine the inductive parameters of its windings.
 
 Materials and methods. The magnetic field of the machine is divided into a set of horizontal stripes (mediums), analyzed independently of each other. It is assumed that the magnetic field in these stripes is plane-parallel, and at the boundaries of the selected stripes the conjugation conditions are met: scalar magnetic potentials and normal components of magnetic induction do not undergo a jump (discontinuity). The magnetomotive force of the stator winding, the coercive force of magnets and the magnetization of soft magnetic ferromagnetic media are considered as sources of the magnetic field. Expressions for describing scalar magnetic potentials and normal components of magnetic induction in selected bands are obtained using the Fourier variable separation method.
 
 Research results. A study of the electromagnetic and functional characteristics of the motor was carried out using a mathematical model of the magnetoelectric valve motor based on the Fourier method of separation of variables with the division of the active region into homogeneous sections in the form of magnetic sheets. The model enables to determine magnetic inductions for any coordinate points x, y of the active region of the motor magnetic system. Expressions describing the inductive parameters of the windings are obtained, and the equations of the state of the motor are given for the case when the currents in the phase windings of the stator are in antiphase with their no-load EMF.
 
 Conclusions. Mathematical models of valve motors, built on the basis of the Fourier variable separation method, make it possible to determine the electromagnetic characteristics of motors and the inductive parameters of windings necessary for calculating transient processes. The most effective is valve motor control, when the phase currents are in antiphase with the no-load EMF. In this mode, with the absence of longitudinal current and with a power factor close to unity, the equations of state of the motor are of the second order.

Current decoupling control of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on improved nonlinear extended state observer

Precise current decoupling is required to achieve good control performance in the vector control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), but traditional decoupling methods are unable to solve the problem of poor current decoupling effectiveness when the system inductance parameters are mismatched. Therefore, a decoupling control method of PMSM based on improved nonlinear extended state observer (INESO) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a smooth, differentiable nonlinear function is used to replace the traditional fal function, which overcomes the problem of discontinuous gain changes. Secondly, a time-varying gain is designed to address the problem of reduced observer performance due to differential peak values in traditional NESO. Finally, the stability of INESO and the current loop closed-loop system is proven, followed by simulation and experimental verification. The simulation and experimental results show the proposed method effectively observes and compensates for system uncertainties, including parameter perturbations, external disturbances, and unmodeled dynamics. This method achieves complete decoupling of d and q-axes currents, while suppressing interference and enhancing the control performance of PMSM. The proposed INESO decoupling method reduces the d-axis current fluctuation about 96% and 90% when the load changes abruptly under motor inductance parameter mismatch, and can reduce q-axis current fluctuation about 88% and 78% when the d-axis current steps, respectively, compared with the conventional Current Feedback Decoupling Control (CFDC) and CDDC decoupling methods.

Infinitary logic with infinite sequents: syntactic investigations

AbstractThe present paper deals with a purely syntactic analysis of infinitary logic with infinite sequents. In particular, we discuss sequent calculi for classical and intuitionistic infinitary logic with good structural properties based on sequents possibly containing infinitely many formulas. A cut admissibility proof is proposed which employs a new strategy and a new inductive parameter. We conclude the paper by discussing related issues and possible themes for future research.

Automatic Design of Planar Spiral Inductors Based on Improved Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

Aiming at the low design efficiency of planar spiral inductors in Integrated Passive Devices (IPD), a design scheme for automatically searching the optimal parameters of planar spiral inductors is presented based on the Improved Artificial Bee Colony (IABC) algorithm. By improving the single π model, the universality of the inductor equivalent model is improved, and the extracted model is convenient for the parameter optimization of the inductor. The artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is improved by introducing multi-neighborhood topology (MNT) and modification rate mechanism, which greatly improves the optimization efficiency of the original algorithm. The optimization parameters of the improved algorithm are simulated in ADS, and the results are consistent with the multiple design cases of planar spiral inductors, which verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm. The improved algorithm significantly improves the design efficiency of the planar spiral inductor, making the design time of a single inductor only in seconds, and the accuracy rate is more than 90%.

Optimization Strategy for Output Voltage of CCM Flyback Converter Based on Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control

To solve the problem of system output voltage fluctuation caused by interferences such as load fluctuation and internal inductor parameter perturbation in a flyback converter, a second-order linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) strategy based on output voltage is proposed in this paper. A small-signal model of a CCM flyback converter is established, and the equivalent transfer function of voltage control based on second-order LADRC is derived. A second-order LADRC is constructed, and a parameter design method for the controller is proposed. The response characteristics of the output voltage of the converter under five internal and external disturbances of different control strategies are compared and studied using MATLAB R2022b/Simulink simulation software, and a CCM flyback converter experimental platform based on dSPACE is built to verify the corresponding comparative experiments. The simulation and experimental results jointly verify the superiority of the control strategy for the anti-interference and robustness of the output voltage of the CCM flyback converter.

Dynamic equivalent magnetic network model and drive system of permanent magnet synchronous motor with double V-shaped magnet structure

In order to improve the driving performance of electric vehicles (EV), a permanent magnet synchronous motor with double V-shaped magnet structure (DVMPMSM) and its driving system are studied in this paper. A 150 kW DVMPMSM for EV is designed firstly, and the design parameters of the motor are determined. In order to overcome the drawbacks of the finite element analysis (FEA), especially the issue on calculating time, a dynamic equivalent magnetic network (EMN) model of the DVMPMSM is constructed, by which the air gap flux density, back electromotive force, electromagnetic torque and winding inductance parameters of the motor can be solved. Compared with the FEA, the dynamic EMN model constructed in this paper greatly increases the calculation speed while the calculation accuracy is maintained well. This paper also introduces the stator winding switching method to replace the field-weakening control method. Then, a vector control method of DVMPMSM based on dynamic EMN model and stator winding switching is proposed. The demands brought forward by EV for high torque output under low speed and high upper limit of speed can be well satisfied. Finally, the accuracy of the dynamic EMN model and the effectiveness of the proposed control method is validated through prototype experiments.

Use of nurse endosperm for the culture of haploid embryos produced by durum wheat x maize crosses

The use of doubled-haploids in plant breeding programs enables accelerating the release of new varieties adapted to climate change. The durum wheat x maize crosses technique is a method of choice for producing durum wheat haploid plants. The haploid embryos produced by this method develop without albumen and their survival is ensured by post-pollination hormonal treatments. In this study, nine post-pollination treatments with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), Picloram and Dicamba at the concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 mg.L-1 were applied to 7 durum wheat genotypes. The effects of genotype and post-pollination treatment on durum wheat haploid embryos produced by durum wheat x maize crosses and the use of the endosperm nursing technique for haploid plantlets regeneration were investigated. The haploid induction parameters varied with the durum wheat genotypes as well as the post-pollination treatments. The phenomenon of polyembryony resulting from durum wheat x maize crosses is reported for the first time in this article. The durum wheat genotypes showed different abilities to produce monoembryo and polyembryos. The post-pollination treatments with 2,4-D (10 mg.L-1) and Picloram (10 and 100 mg.L-1) gave a higher embryo formation frequency than the treatments with Dicamba. The embryo conversion to plantlet was greatly improved, especially in recalcitrant genotypes using the durum wheat endosperm as supplemental nourishment in combination with the Gamborg B5 regeneration medium.
 Keywords: Durum wheat; Haploid embryo; Maize; Nurse Endosperm Technique; Polyembryony

Study of the law of stress magnetisation based on the magnetic memory effect under weak magnetic excitation

Based on the metal magnetic memory effect, this paper improves the Jiles-Atheron (J-A) force-magnetic coupling model under the condition of applying a weak magnetic excitation, introduces the relative magnetic induction parameter into the theoretical derivation process and explores the stress magnetisation law for the damaged part of a broken wire rope. The Ansys simulation platform is used to construct a force-magnetic coupling simulation model of the steel wire rope and finite element analysis is carried out. Combined with a static tensile test, the validity of the resulting theoretical model is verified. The results show that there is a certain relationship between the relative magnetic induction of the steel wire rope sample and the tensile stress. Its distribution can be used to evaluate the stress development trend and provide early warning of the final failure of the specimen, which provides a basis for future quantitative evaluation of damage status.

An All-Solid-State Rectangular Current Pulse Generator Based on Coupling Inductor

To explore the application of pulsed current in biomedicine, an all-solid-state rectangular pulse current generator (RCPG) is proposed. The RCPG uses a field programmable gate array (FPGA) as the control system and a solid-state semiconductor switching metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) as the control switch. The RCPG is modular in design, with each module consisting of a diode, a switch, and a coupled inductor. Each inductor of the RCPG is coupled to each other, increasing the energy storage density of the system. When the switch is on, the inductors are charged in series. And when the switch is off, the inductors are discharged in parallel to the load. The energy on the inductor can be superimposed on the load in the form of a current. Through simulation, the principle of RCPG topology and its feasibility is verified. Finally, a five-stage RCPG miniaturized prototype was developed. The experiments show that the RCPG can be adjusted by adjusting the inductor parameters to meet different load requirements, such as biomedical. In addition, the number of modules can be increased to achieve higher current output.

Robust virtual‐vector model predictive control of permanent‐magnet motor considering D‐Q axis inductance parameter uncertainty

AbstractTo suppress parameter mismatch and improve the output performance of model predictive control (MPC), a new robust virtual‐vector MPC strategy is proposed for a five‐phase permanent‐magnet motor in this study. Firstly, the incremental predictive model is applied to remove the impact of flux mismatch. Then the d‐q axis inductance parameter sensitivity of MPC is analysed, which produces the predictive current error between the normal parameter and mismatched parameter. Based on the current error, a new cost function is designed to select the voltage vector more accurately when the d‐q axis inductance parameter mismatch occurs. Thus, good robustness to the parameter's variation can be guaranteed. Afterwards, the duty cycle modulation technology is applied to allocate the duration time of two adjacent vector‐vectors and zero vector. So the motor current harmonics and torque ripple can be considerably suppressed. Finally, the experimental results are provided to show the effectiveness of this proposed method.

Mutual Inductance and Load Identification of LCC-S IPT System Considering Equivalent Inductance of Rectifier Load

The variation of mutual inductance and load parameters will affect the transmission power and efficiency of the inductive power transfer (IPT) system. The identification of mutual inductance and load parameters is an essential part of establishing a stable and reliable IPT system. This paper presents a joint identification method of load and mutual inductance for the LCC-S IPT system, which does not require the establishment of primary and secondary communication and related control. Firstly, the resistance-inductance characteristics of the equivalent load of the rectifier are analyzed by simulation, and then the rectifier and system load are equivalent to the circuit model of resistance and inductance in series. Secondly, the characteristics of the reflected impedance are analyzed, and the functional relationship between the transmitter impedance and the rectifier impedance is established by using the ratio of the real part to the imaginary part of the reflected impedance, which realizes the decoupling of the load and the mutual inductance. Thirdly, the functional relationship between the equivalent impedance of the rectifier and the load resistance of the system is obtained by data fitting. Then, the equations of the above two functional relationships are combined. By measuring the voltage of the parallel compensation capacitor at the transmitting side, the current of the transmitting coil and the phase difference between the two, the battery load can be solved first, and then the mutual inductance can be calculated, so that the high-precision identification of the load and mutual inductance can be realized. Finally, an experimental platform of the LCC-S IPT system is built for experimental verification. The experimental results show that the maximum identification errors of mutual inductance and load are 5.20% and 5.53%, respectively, which proves that the proposed identification method can achieve high precision identification.

Crosstalk analysis of twisted bundle of twisted wire pairs (TBTWPs) and star‐quad cables under the effect of inner and outer excitations

AbstractIn this article, deep neural network (DNN) and chain parameter methods are used to analyze the crosstalk coupling of a star‐quad and a twisted bundle of twisted wire pairs (TBTWP) cables for different excitations, respectively. A DNN is used to extract the per‐unit‐length (p.u.l) resistance, inductance, capacitance, and conductance (RLCG) parameters at any position for the star‐quad and TBTWP cables. The induced common mode (CM) and differential mode (DM) currents due to crosstalk are calculated by combining the obtained RLCG parameters with the chain parameter method. The obtained results show good agreement with that of FEKO software. Moreover, it is found that the star‐quad cable can reduce the external coupling more effectively than that of the TBTWP cable. Finally, measurements are performed to further validate the accuracy of our proposed algorithm.

Adaptive Integral Extended State Observer-Based Improved Multistep FCS-MPCC for PMSM

In this article, an improved multi-step finite control set model predictive current control (FCS-MPCC) based on adaptive integral extended state observer (AIESO) is proposed for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The improved multi-step FCS-MPCC based on sector is introduced in the current loop. The elements of the voltage vector set are reduced with different sector division method, so it could reduce the computational burden to some extent. Meanwhile, considering that the high gain extended state observer (ESO) will obtain faster convergence, better tracking accuracy in theory and the system disturbance rejection can be enhanced, but the noise suppression performance will become poor. Thus, the adaptive extended state observer (AESO) is proposed to balance the disturbance rejection and noise suppression. When system subject to disturbance, the adaptive gain will increase to enhance the system disturbance rejection and become small to improve the noise suppression in steady-state. However, disturbed by time-varying disturbance, the small gain in the steady state will lead to poor steady-state tracking accuracy. To improve the steady-state tracking accuracy, AIESO is proposed by adding the integral term into AESO. Finally, in order to avoid the sector misjudgment caused by parameter mismatch, the strategy based on extended state observer is used for disturbance compensation. However the selection of inductance is closed related to the estimated burden of the observer. Thus, the inductance parameter estimation method is proposed to update the initial inductance value to reduce the estimated burden, which can help to suppress the parameter mismatches with a smaller estimated burden of the observer. The simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Discrete-Time Active Disturbance Rejection Current Control of PM Motor at Low Speed Using Resonant Sliding Mode

A discrete-time active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) method using resonant sliding mode is proposed to solve the disturbance characteristics of the current loop of permanent magnet (PM) motor at low speed. The extended state observer (ESO) is used to estimate the disturbance, but there is a contradiction between disturbance rejection and noise rejection in parameter design of ESO, which will affect the accuracy of the estimation, especially at low speed. In order to solve the problem, sliding mode control is combined with ADRC, while traditional integral sliding mode control still has poor rejection effect on the specific frequency harmonics. The resonant sliding mode is proposed to add resonance term to the integral sliding mode surface, which mitigates the impact of the disturbance that ESO fails to estimate on the tracking accuracy. Therefore, resonant sliding mode in the feedback control law of ADRC (RSM-ADRC) is employed to current loop to reduce the steady-state error. Meanwhile, the stability of the proposed algorithm is verified by discretization method. The steady and dynamic performances of the four control methods are compared through experiments to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. For example, when the reference current of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</i> - and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</i> -axis is 0A and 1A respectively at 50rpm, the total harmonic distortion of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</i> -axis current decreases from 1.68% to 0.64% and the 6th harmonic of current also drops to 0.135%. Despite the sudden change of inductance parameters, the steady-state current response is largely unaffected.

Параметрическая модель синхронного реактивного двигателя с TLA-ротором в установившихся и переходных режимах

There is considerable practical and scientific interest in synchronous reaction motors (SynRM) with TLA rotor. The core of the TLA rotor has a transversal charge, internal slots, and highly saturated areas. The configuration of the rotor slots is complex and diverse. The task to develop a parametric model of the SynRM with a TLA-rotor designed for calculation of steady-state and transient modes of the motor is relevant. The classical parametric model of SynRM based on the theory of two reactions is used. The calculation method for the parameters of the SynRM model with TLA rotor is presented. The method uses the results of field calculation of two static states of the magnetic field. The steady-state conditions of SynRM are calculated according to the engineering formulas derived from the equation of equilibrium stresses in the stator phase. The Park-Gorev equations are used to calculate the transient modes of the SynRM. Field models of the SynRM under study at longitudinal and transverse rotor positions are presented. Main harmonics of magnetic field in the gap and their dependence on armature current are calculated. Formulas to calculate the inductive parameters of armature winding and performance characteristics of SynRM are given. Differential equations to calculate processes in SynRM are given. The parametric model is used to calculate performance characteristics of SynRM, frequency start process, electromechanical process of SynRM operation in case of asymmetric power supply. The calculation results are compared with the results of field simulation of SynRM with TLA rotor in the Ansys Maxwell environment. The classical parametric model of the synchronous machine based on the theory of two reactions allows fast and high-quality analysis of steady-state and transient modes of operation of a synchronous reactive motor with TLA-rotor under various conditions of power supply and mechanical load, including abnormal ones.

The Optimization of Medium Conditions and Auxins in the Induction of Adventitious Roots of Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.) and Their Phytochemical Constituents.

Pokeweed, Phytolacca americana L., is considered a widely spreading invasive plant, while saponin contents accumulated in the roots have pharmaceutical uses, such as rheumatism treatments and anti-inflammation. Adventitious root cultures are an important source of diverse secondary metabolites, which have significant applications in various fields. This study focused on the optimization of parameters for root induction using different medium states and treatments with auxins on a pokeweed leaf. Semisolid and liquid MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) media were supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/L. Root growth parameters, e.g., induction percentage, root numbers, length, and weight, were measured to determine the adventitious root induction efficiency. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total saponin content, and antioxidant activity were recorded. Results showed that adventitious roots induced in semisolid MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA exhibited a high density of lateral roots. Appropriate medium state and auxin for adventitious root induction in pokeweed were determined as semisolid medium supplemented with 2 mg/L NAA. Considering phytochemicals, adventitious roots induced in liquid medium containing 0.5-1 mg/L NAA had the highest yield extract percentage. Additionally, adventitious roots cultivated in a liquid medium enriched with 1 mg/L NAA exhibited the highest phenolic and saponin contents. A principal component analysis (PCA) biplot and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) heatmap demonstrated different response patterns between semisolid and liquid media applied with NAA. The results of the semisolid media were grouped together due to high expression levels of the root induction parameters, while elevated phytochemical values were observed in the liquid media treatments. The results suggested two different media that provide the highest adventitious root induction efficiency and the greatest phytochemical contents: semisolid medium with 2 mg/L NAA and liquid medium with 1 mg/L NAA, respectively. These culture media can be applied to optimize adventitious root culture of pokeweed and in vitro phytochemical production.