Indomethacin-induced Gastric Ulcer Model Research Articles

β-Citronellol: a potential anti-inflammatory and gastro-protective agent-mechanistic insights into its modulatory effects on COX-II, 5-LOX, eNOS, and ICAM-1 pathways through in vitro, in vivo, in silico, and network pharmacology studies.

The current study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and pronounced gastro-protective activities of β- Citronellol using in vitro, in vivo assays and in silico approaches. In vitro assays, denaturation of bovine serum albumin, egg protein, and human Red Blood Cells (RBCs) membrane stabilization were performed, using Piroxicam as standard. For in vivo assessment, Histamine (0.1ml from 1% w/v) and Formaldehyde (0.1ml from 2% v/v) were used to mediate inflammation. In silico molecular docking and network pharmacology were employed to probe the possible target genes mediating gastroprotective effect of β-Citronellol at 25, 50, and 100mg/kg, using indomethacin-induced (25mg/kg i.p) gastric ulcer in rats. Moreover, Gastric tissues were evaluated for morphological, histopathological, and bio-chemical analysis of PGE2, COX-I, COX-II, 5-LOX, eNOS, ICAM-1, oxygen-free radical scavengers (SOD, CAT), and oxidative stress marker (MDA). β-Citronellol prevented denaturation of proteins and RBCs membrane stabilization with maximum effect observed at 6,400µg/mL. Citronellol decreased rat's paw edema. Network pharmacology and docking studies revealed gastro-protective potential of Citronellol possibly mediated through arachidonic acid pathways by targeting COX-I, COX-II, PGE2, and 5-LOX. Citronellol reduced the ulcer indices, and histopathological changes. Further, β-Citronellol (50 and 100mg/kg) increased gastric PGE2, COX-1, and eNOS; while suppressing COX-2, 5-LOX and ICAM-1. Citronellol markedly enhanced the oxidative balance in isolated rat stomach tissues. The anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and gastro-protective effects of β-Citronellol against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model in rats through mediating COX-I, COX-II, PGE2, 5-LOX, eNOS, and ICAM-1 inflammatory markers.

Echinophora tournefortii Jaub. & Spach: Evaluation of the effect on indomethacin-induced gastric ulser in rats and phytochemical analyses by LC-HRMS

E. tournefortii has wound healing properties in folk medicine and 5% infusions are used for stomach ulcers. It is also used in colds, abdominal pain, digestive problems, as an appetite enhancer and antispasmodic. For this purpose, in the study biochemical and histopathological evaluation of the ulcer protective effect of the extract obtained from the E. tournefortii in the indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model in rats was aimed to develop new strategies in the treatment of ulcers. The phytochemical profile of the plant was elucidated for the first time by LC-HRMS in this study. The results indicate that, in terms of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, PGE2, NF-κB, VEGF, NO, COX-1 and COX-2 biochemical parameters, E. tournefortii protects the gastric mucosa to the inflammation, and also modulates the PGE2 pathway, and has a similar effect or even a more positive effect than the reference substance lansoprazole. According to LC-HRMS analysis results, chlorogenic acid, genistein and quinic acid were the main constituents of E. tournefortii extract with 1397.081, 1014.177 and 992.527μg/g extract, respectively. Considering the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of these phenolic components, it is thought that the major components are responsible for the anti-ulcer activity of the E. tournefortii extract.

Laurus nobilis Esansiyel Yağının Sıçanlarda İndometasin Kaynaklı Mide Ülserinin Azaltılmasında Potansiyel Rolü

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the gastroprotective effects of Laurus nobilis leaves essential oil (LANO) against indomethacin (INDO)-induced gastric ulcers in rats.
 Materials and Methods: In this study, an indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model was employed. 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n=6): Control, LANO, INDO, INDO with famotidine (FAM), and INDO with LANO. Indomethacin (25 mg/kg) induced ulcers, while LANO and FAM were administered by oral gavage at 200 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, respectively. Gastric tissues underwent histopathological examination for ulceration, and biochemical assays measured total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and nitric oxide (NO) levels.
 Results: Compared to the INDO group, treatment with LANO significantly decreased the number of gastric ulcer foci. Biochemically, LANO moderated TOS and OSI levels and preserved TAS, indicating reduced oxidative stress. Additionally, LANO appeared to stabilize NO levels. These biochemical findings were corroborated by histopathological examination.
 Conclusions: The study's results indicate that LANO may be beneficial in protecting against NSAID-induced gastric damage. LANO's observed modulation of oxidative stress markers and NO levels suggests its potential role in managing gastric ulcers.

Histopathological and biochemical evaluation of the protective efficacy of Prunus spinosa L. extract in a rat model of indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer.

Some species of Prunus L. are popularly used to treat gastric ulcers. However, the possible healing mechanisms of the anti-ulcer activity of P. spinosa, which has proven antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties, are unclear. Ethanol extracts of P. spinosa fruits were administered orally at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg to Wistar albino rats, with an indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model. The ulcerous areas on the stomach surface were examined macroscopically. Tissues were examined histopathologically and biochemically. LC-HRMS revealed the phytochemical content. TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, and NF-kB levels were higher in the gastric ulcer group than in the extract groups. The VEGF values did not differ in each group. A significant difference was found between the lansoprazole group and the high-dose P. spinosa group regarding PGE2 levels. A histopathologically significant difference was observed between the healthy group and the indomethacin-applied groups in terms of neutrophilic infiltration of the gastric mucosa. Ascorbic acid (1547.521 µg/g), homoprotocatechuic acid (1268.217 µg/g), and genistein (1014.462 µg/g) were found as the main compounds in the P. spinosa extract by LC-HRMS. Our results demonstrated that P. spinosa protected the gastric mucosa from inflammation and also modulated the PGE2 pathway. When considered in terms of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, PGE2, and NF-kB values, it can be concluded that it has a similar or even more positive effect than the reference substance. P. spinosa showed its effects in a dose-dependent manner.

Exploring the Effect of Deep-Sea Water on the Therapeutic Potential of the Anti-Inflammatory Response in an Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer Rat Model.

Gastric ulcers are often exacerbated by factors such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and inflammation, and they have a substantial impact on a significant portion of the population. Notably, indomethacin is recognized as a prominent contributor to ulcers. This study investigated this potential method, with normalization to the anti-inflammatory and antiulcer properties of deep-sea water (DSW)-derived mineral water, using an indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. The study involved four groups (n = 6 rats/group): normal control group (CON), indomethacin-only group (IND), indomethacin with trace mineral water group (TM), and indomethacin with high magnesium low sodium water group (HMLS). For three weeks, the CON and IND groups consumed tap water, while the TM and HMLS groups had access to mineral water. Gastric ulcers were induced on the final day using indomethacin, for all groups except the CON group. The results demonstrated that HMLS intake significantly improved gastric mucosal damage, preserved mucin stability, and increased gastric thickness, indicating its potential to prevent and alleviate indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers. Furthermore, HMLS consumption led to the upregulation of key genes associated with inflammation and a reduction in inflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest that DSW-derived mineral water, and particularly its high Mg2+ content, may offer promising health benefits including anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties.

Anti-Ulcer Effect on Indomethacin-Induced Ulcerated Mice of Chromolaena odorata Leaf from Vietnam and its Secondary Metabolites

Chromolaena odorata (C. odorata) (L.) R. King & H. Robinson is a perennial flowering shrub with diverse habitats, including crops, grasslands, and roadsides. This plant has been widely used in Vietnamese folk medicine for gastric ulcer treatment. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity and the anti-ulcer effect of the ethanol crude extract of C. odorata leaves and its fractions against the indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model in mice, and investigate the chemical constituents of the most active fraction. According to in vivo results, the ethyl acetate residue with the highest anti-ulcer activity significantly reduced gastric lesions in theexperimental mice model with an ulcer index of 0.73 ± 0.39 and a percentage inhibition of 26.92%. Thus, this fraction was chosen for further chemical investigation. Four pure compounds (1-4) were extracted and isolated by using chromatographic methods. Based on the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, melting temperature, mass spectrometry analysis, and compared with thepublished literature, their structures were elucidated as 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propane- 1,2-diol (1), kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (2), naringenin-5,7-di-O-β-Dglucopyranoside (3), and rubrosterone (4). To our best knowledge, all of these compounds were isolated for the first time from C. odorata leaves. These findings contribute to providing scientific evidence for the traditional use and phytochemicals of C. odorata leaves.&nbsp

Omeprazole and H2S releasing agents encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles to enhance healing process against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model

Omeprazole and H2S releasing agents encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles to enhance healing process against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model

Investigation of the curative effects of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort) and Rosa spinosissima (Black rosehip) on rats in an indomethacin-induced gastric peptic ulcer model

Investigation of the curative effects of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort) and Rosa spinosissima (Black rosehip) on rats in an indomethacin-induced gastric peptic ulcer model

Investigation of the curative effects of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort) and Rosa spinosissima (Black rosehip) on rats in an indomethacin-induced gastric peptic ulcer model

In this study, histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations were made on the damage to the gastric tissue in the gastric peptic ulcer model induced by indomethacin, and it was investigated whether the plants Hypericum perforatum and Rosa spinosissima have a therapeutic effect. In order to create an ulcer model, 25mg/kg indomethacin was administered orally to the rats in the other groups, except the sham control group, in 2 doses, 24 hours apart. In the treatment groups, the first dose of indomethacin was given an hour after the second dose, and the second dose of plant oils was given orally 24 hours later. Then, 1 hour later, the rats were sacrificed. In the histopathological evaluation, sections belonging to the indomethacin control group showed intense degeneration of both epithelial and mucosal glands in the gastric mucosa. Edema and bleeding were also present in the lamina propria and submucosa layers. These observed damages were significantly reduced in the RS+HP-1 and RS+HP-2 groups. As a result of the immunohistochemical evaluations, it was observed that the group with the highest Bax immunoreactivity was the indomethacin control group, and the groups with the lowest were RS+HP-1 and RS+HP-2. It was determined that the group with the lowest Bcl-2 immunoreactivity was the indomethacin control group, and the groups with the highest were RS+HP-1 and RS+HP-2. The results showed that Hypericum perforatum and Rosa spinosissima plants have therapeutic and anti-apoptotic effects on gastric injury.

Study on the anti-inflammatory effect of gastric ulcer and analgesic effect of traditional remedy “Sai ho so can thang gia vi” in the experiment

Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of gastric ulcer and analgesic effect of traditional remedy “Sai ho so can thang gia vi” in the experiment.Subjects and methods: Studying the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract from the traditional remedy “Sai ho so can thang gia vi” on a model of gastric ulcer induction by Indomethacin in Swiss white mice.Studying the analgesic effect of the extract on the acetic acid-induced colic model in the white rat strain Wistar.Results: This study has shown that the remedy of adding 8g of Chromolaena odorata leaves at a dose of 150mg/kg/day had a protective effect on the gastric mucosa in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model in white rats through the following criteria: Reduces the percentage of mice with ulcers compared with the model batch, but the difference is not statistically significant (p>0.05), but it significantly reduces the ulcer index and the percentage of ulcer inhibition (p<0 .05); significantly reduces the damage on the macroscopic and microscopic images of the rat stomach. Traditional remedies at all three dosage levels (30mg/kg/day, 60mg/kg/day and 120mg/kg/day) have analgesic effects on the acetic acid-induced colic model, reducing the number of colic episodes statistically significant compared with the model batch (p<0.05 and p<0.01).Conclusion: The traditional remedy “Sai ho so can thang gia vi” at a dose of 150mg/kg/day showed a protective effect on gastric mucosa in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model in white rats and at all three dose levels (30mg/kg/day, 60mg/kg/day and 120mg/kg/day) had analgesic effects on the acetic acid- induced colic model.

Dimethyl Cardamonin from Fruits of Campomanesia reitziana D. Legrand Promotes Gastroprotection and Gastric Healing Effects in Rodents.

Campomanesia reitziana D. Legrand (Myrtaceae) displays antiulcer properties when given to rodents. The major active chemical components of C. reitziana are chalcones, including 4',6'-dihydroxy-2'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone or dimethyl cardamonin (DMC); therefore, we hypothesized that this compound could have antiulcer effects and the present study aimed to evaluate its gastroprotective and gastric healing properties. DMC was isolated from the fruits of C. reitziana, and its gastroprotective effect was evaluated by ethanol and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models in mice (0.1 mg/kg, i.p. and 1 and 3 mg/kg, p.o.). Oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters were analyzed in the gastric tissue. Moreover, its gastric healing effect was evaluated in rats. In addition, the compound's mode of action was evaluated in vivo and in vitro by measuring H+ -K+ -ATPase activity. Finally, the cytotoxic potential of DMC was tested in fibroblasts and human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. The DMC reduced the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice by 77 %, increased the adhered mucus, and reduced lipoperoxides levels. The block of nonprotein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) compounds by pretreatment with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), or the antagonism of α2 receptor using yohimbine reversed the gastroprotective effects of DMC. Furthermore, DMC reduced the acidity of gastric content in pylorus-ligated rats but did not change H+ , K+ -ATPase (isolated from rabbit) activity in vitro. DMC reduced the lesion area in acetic acid-induced ulcers and decreased myeloperoxidase activity. DMC did not change the viability of fibroblast cells (L929) but reduced the viability of human gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS). The results confirmed that DMC could significantly enhance the gastric healing process and prevent ulcers due to improving protective factors on the gastric mucosa and reducing gastric acid secretion.

Gastroprotective effects of Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) extract indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of the extract (TO) obtain from the leaves of Taraxacum officinale, which is used in the treatment of many diseases including gastric ulcers in traditional medicine, in an indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model. Forty rats, which 10 animals in each group, were divided into four groups (Control (C), TO + Indomethacin (TO+IND), Indomethacin (IND) and Omeprazole + Indomethacin (O+IND) groups). Respectively the group C was given isotonic saline, the group TO+IND was given 100 mg/kg TO extract, group IND was given isotonic saline and the group O+IND was given 5 mg/kg omeprazole orally. On the 11th day of the study, a single dose of 100 mg/kg indomethacin was administered orally to the TO+IND, IND and O+IND groups. It was determined that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly increased in the IND group compared to the K group (p<0.001). However, these markers were significantly decreased in both the TO+IND (respectively p<0.05, p<0.001, p<0.05) and O+IND (p<0.05, p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively) groups when compared with the IND group. No significant changes were observed in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. Depending on the administration of indomethacin, it was found that the ulcer index of gastric tissue increased significantly compared to the C group but it decreased significantly as a result of TO and Omeprazole administrations (p<0.001). As a result, it was determined that Taraxacum officinale leaf extract showed significant gastroprotective effects by reducing COX-2, CRP and IL-6 levels and ulcerative area formation in gastric tissue.

Gastroprotective effects of Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) extract indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model

Gastroprotective effects of Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) extract indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model

Gastroprotective effects of Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) extract indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model

Gastroprotective effects of Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) extract indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model

Gastroprotective effects of water extract of domesticated Amauroderma rugosum against several gastric ulcer models in rats

Context Amauroderma rugosum (Blume & T. Nees) Torrend (Ganodermataceae) is an edible mushroom with medicinal properties. However, the effects of A. rugosum on gastric ulcer remain unclear. Objective To investigate the gastroprotective efficacy of water extract of A. rugosum (WEA) on gastric ulcer. Materials and methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly grouped as control, model, lansoprazole and 200, 100 and 50 mg/kg of WEA. After pre-treatment for seven days, ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models were established. The gastric ulcer and histopathology were investigated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and Western blot assays were conducted to explore the potential anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of WEA. Additionally, the pyloric ligation model was used to explore the influence of WEA on gastric acid and mucus. Results Pre-treatment with WEA (200, 100 and 50 mg/kg) effectively reduced ulcerous area in both ethanol-induced (71%, 88% and 71%) and indomethacin-induced (77%, 65% and 86%) gastric ulcer model. The gastric levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (34% and 50 mg/kg), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (32% and 100 mg/kg) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (36%, 45% and 41%) were reduced significantly (p < 0.05) by WEA. Serum nitric oxide was decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at 200 and 50 mg/kg and PGE2 concentration was increased remarkably (p < 0.05) at 100 mg/kg. Gene expression of inflammasome Nlrp3, and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) P65 were significantly decreased by WEA pre-treatment. However, the pH of gastric acid and secretion of mucus did not show any significant change. Conclusions The gastroprotective effect of WEA on gastric damage is attributed to anti-inflammation through the inhibition on NF-κB P65 nuclear migration and Nlrp3 gene expression.

Gastroprotective Effect of Polypeptide-K Isolated from Momordica charantia's Seeds on Multiple Experimental Gastric Ulcer Models in Rats.

Peptic ulcer disease is a multifactorial disorder and is the most significant public health concern nowadays. Previous study showed that essential oil extracted from Momordica charantia's seed exhibited gastroprotective effect. However, the evidence for the gastroprotective effect of its active compound, polypeptide K (PPK), remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the preventive effect of PPK against different experimental gastric lesions models in rats. The possible gastroprotective effect of PPK was assessed in hydrochloride ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models in Sprague Dawley rats and was further evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. Pyloric ligation experiments were used to investigate gastric secretion. Oral administration of PPK at all concentrations (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) showed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in total area of lesion in both hydrochloride ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models. The highest inhibition rate was seen in PPK dose of 50 mg/kg with 64.9% and 72.2% on hydrochloride ethanol and indomethacin models, respectively. Microscopically, PPK preserved the normal architectures of the gastric tissues from being damaged by hydrochloride ethanol and indomethacin. Further, in the pyloric ligation studies, PPK significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the ulcer area where the highest protection was exhibited by 50 mg/kg with 70% inhibition rate. Moreover, all concentrations of PPK also significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the gastric wall mucus secretion. Collectively, this study demonstrated the gastroprotective effect of PPK on hydrochloride ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models. The possible mechanism might be associated with enhanced mucus secretion and thus lowering the total acidity.

Gastroprotective Activities of Ethanol Extract of Black Rice Bran (Oryza sativa L.) in Rats.

Black rice is a type of rice in the Oryza sativa L. species. There are numerous reports regarding the pharmacological actions of black rice bran, but scientific evidence on its gastroprotection is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective activities of black rice bran ethanol extract (BRB) from the Thai black rice variety Hom Nil (O. sativa L. indica) as well as its mechanisms of action, acute oral toxicity in rats, and phytochemical screening. Rat models of gastric ulcers induced by acidified ethanol, indomethacin, and restraint water immersion stress were used. After pretreatment with 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg of BRB in test groups, BRB at 800 mg/kg significantly inhibited the formation of gastric ulcers in all gastric ulcer models, and this inhibition seemed to be dose dependent in an indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model. BRB could not normalize the amount of gastric wall mucus, reduce gastric volume and total acidity, or increase gastric pH. Although BRB could not increase NO levels in gastric tissue, the tissue MDA levels could be normalized with DPPH radical scavenging activity. These results confirm the gastroprotective activities of BRB with a possible mechanism of action via antioxidant activity. The major phytochemical components of BRB comprise carotenoid derivatives with the presence of phenolic compounds. These components may be responsible for the gastroprotective activities of BRB. The 2000 mg/kg dose of oral BRB showed no acute toxicity in rats and confirmed, in part, the safe uses of BRB.

Anti-ulcerogenic effect of methanol fraction of Ocimum gratissimum leaves extract and honey on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats

ABSTRACT Ocimum gratissimum (Og), a medicinal plant, and honey (H), a natural sweetener usually produced by bees, have historic importance in managing several ailments. This study aims at unraveling the anti-ulcerogenic effect of methanol leaves fraction (MEF) of Og and H on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in male rats. Crude methanol extract was partitioned between hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and methanol successively using vacuum liquid chromatography. The anti-ulcerogenic effect of MEF of Og (100 and 400 mg/kg), honey (2.5 g/kg) and their combination was determined using indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model. Gastric acidity, antioxidant assays and histopathology were conducted via titrimetric, spectrophotometric, H&E stain with microscopy methods respectively. Significant difference (P < 0.05) existed in ulcer score and gastric pH in all groups except MEF pre-treated relative to control. Significant increase and decrease existed in MDA level in untreated and pre-treated groups successively compared to control. CAT activity displayed no significant difference in 400 mg/kgMEF and 400 mg/kg/2.5 g/kgH proportionate to control. GST activity showed significant elevation in pre-treated groups compared to control. Meanwhile, GPx activity increased in 400 mg/kg MEF and 400 mg/kgMEF/2.5 g/kgH relative to control. There was no significant difference in TSH status in the pre-treated groups relative to control. Mild inflammatory cellular infiltration in the sub-mucosal layers in pre-treated groups occurred. The data suggests MEF effectively prevented ulcer better than fortification with honey and honey used singly.

Role of Daucus carota in Enhancing Antiulcer Profile of Pantoprazole in Experimental Animals.

The carrot plant (Daucus carota) and its components are traditionally reported for the management of gastric ulcers. This study was performed to evaluate the role of carrot when administered concurrently with a conventional antiulcer treatment, pantoprazole, in alleviating gastric and duodenal ulcers in female experimental animals. The study involved standard animal models to determine the ulcer preventive effect using pylorus ligation, ethanol, and stress induced acute gastric ulcer models and duodenal ulcer models involving cysteamine. Acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcer and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer models were used to evaluate the ulcer healing effect. Carrot fruit (500 mg/kg) and its co-administration with pantoprazole produced significant protection in an ethanol- and stress-induced acute gastric ulcer and cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer. The healing of the acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcer was also augmented with this combination. Both total proteins and mucin contents were significantly increased in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers. Similarly, in pylorus ligation, the pepsin content of gastric juice, total acidity, and free acidity were reduced. Overall, both ulcer preventive effects and ulcer healing properties of the pantoprazole were significantly enhanced in animals who received the co-administration of carrot fruit (500 mg/kg).

Isolation of Major Compounds and Gastroprotective Activity of Alchemilla Caucasica on Indomethacin Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats.

The Alchemilla genus, which belongs to the Rosaceae family, is known as Lady's mantle and is commonly used in traditional medicine. This study was designed to investigate the major metabolites isolation and gastroprotective effects of Alchemilla caucasica. Phytochemical studies were carried out using column chromatography on Alchemilla caucasica. The gastroprotective effect of ethanol extract of this plant was tested on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) parameters in the stomach tissue were examined. Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, apigenin, and catechin were isolated from aerial parts of Alchemilla caucasica. When macroscopic ulcer index and histopathological results were analyzed, the extract at 200 mg/kg dose was found to be most effective. All doses of extract reduced MDA level and enhanced SOD activity and GSH level. The results of this study showed that Alchemilla caucasica has significant antiulcer activity. This effect was thought to be caused by antioxidant properties of flavonoids.